Tag: nevin manimala

PLoS Genet. 2025 Sep 11;21(9):e1011819. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011819. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Interactions between risk factors and covariate-defined groups are commonly observed in complex diseases. Existing methods for detecting interactions typically require individual-level data. The data availability and the measurements of risk exposures and covariates often limit the power and applicability in assessing interactions. To address these limitations, we propose int2MR, an integrative Mendelian randomization (MR) method that leverages GWAS summary statistics on exposure traits and group-separated and/or combined GWAS statistics on outcome traits. The int2MR can assess a broad range of risk exposure effects on diseases and traits, revealing interactions unattainable with incomplete or limited individual-level data. Simulation studies demonstrate that int2MR effectively controls type I error rates under various settings while achieving considerable power gains with the integration of additional group-combined GWAS data. We applied int2MR to two data analyses. First, we identified risk exposures with sex-interaction effects on ADHD, and our results suggested potentially elevated inflammation in males. Second, we detected age-group-specific risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease pathologies in the oldest-old (age 95+); many of these factors were related to immune and inflammatory processes. Our findings suggest that reduced chronic inflammation may underlie the distinct pathological mechanisms observed in this age group. The int2MR is a robust and flexible tool for assessing group-specific or interaction effects, providing insights into disease mechanisms.

PMID:40934263 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1011819

Am J Health Promot. 2025 Sep 11:8901171251378722. doi: 10.1177/08901171251378722. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PurposePatient satisfaction is a key principle of high-quality care, important to all health systems. While evidenced-based guidelines recommend tobacco use counseling to all hospitalized patients who use tobacco, scant knowledge exists about patient satisfaction with these services. The Satisfaction with Inpatient Tobacco Treatment Study (1) proposes a novel survey tool to measure patient satisfaction with inpatient tobacco treatment and (2) provides survey results from our hospital’s Tobacco Treatment Program.DesignCreation and administration of an 8-item Likert scale survey to assess inpatient tobacco use counseling.Setting/SubjectsA random sample of inpatients who received remote inpatient tobacco use treatment at UNC Health’s Tobacco Treatment Program were selected for participation. The survey was administered by telephone and email.MeasuresSurvey items assessed constructs of patient satisfaction, resource availability pre- and post-discharge, the perceived benefits of inpatient tobacco treatment counseling, and patient-reported smoking cessation.AnalysisSurvey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Fisher’s Exact Tests.ResultsThe majority of respondents reported satisfaction with tobacco use counseling. 92% strongly agreed or agreed that the consultations improved their overall hospital experience and 90% said they quit or cut down on their tobacco use after discharge. Results did not vary significantly by race, insurance status, or gender.ConclusionPatient satisfaction with inpatient tobacco cessation treatment was high across multiple domains, as was patient-reported smoking cessation. The survey instrument can be further validated and adapted for program assessment and quality improvement in other tobacco treatment programs.

PMID:40934259 | DOI:10.1177/08901171251378722

PLoS One. 2025 Sep 11;20(9):e0313943. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313943. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global death and disability, affecting one-third of adult population. Often overlooked in school-going adolescents, behavioural risk factors are crucial contributors to CVD risk which begin early and accelerate during adolescent period. This study aims to assess the behavioural risk factors and their associated determinants among adolescents of Tulsipur Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal.

METHODS: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 361 adolescents aged 16-19 years studying in grade 11 and 12 from public and private schools. Schools were selected using a stratified proportionate sampling method. Data were collected through a self-administered, structured, and validated questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, behavioural risk factors of CVDs, and parental information. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyse the data.

RESULTS: The most prevalent behavioural risk factor was the consumption of calorie drinks (99%), followed by sedentary behaviour (60%), insufficient fruit and vegetable intake (57%), physical inactivity (35%), and consumption of processed food high in salt (33%). The prevalence of current smoking, alcohol consumption, and smokeless tobacco use was 12%, 10%, and 9% respectively. Key factors associated with the behavioural risk include maternal education, ethnicity, and education system. Parental tobacco and alcohol use were also associated with adolescent smoking and alcohol consumption.

CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of CVD risk factors among adolescents in Nepal highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions in both household and school settings. These interventions should aim to reduce behavioural risk factors to prevent the future burden of CVDs in resource-limited areas like Nepal.

PMID:40934233 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0313943

Emotion. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1037/emo0001580. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Self-organizing systems can shift between stability and flexibility in response to perturbation, a potential adaptive mechanism for understanding biopsychosocial resilience. Inverse power law (IPL) structure, a frequency distribution that describes fractal patterns commonly produced by self-organization, produces measurements of stability and flexibility. This study applies these measures to emotional resilience at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ratings of frequency over the past week (1-5 Likert scale) across 12 emotions (six positive and six negative) were gathered in mid-April 2020 as part of a survey of adults’ (N = 4,094) pandemic experiences and health in the United States. The distributions of everyone’s emotion ratings were tested for IPL fit, resulting in a mean R² = .75. A steeper IPL shape parameter, reflecting greater emotional stability, was associated with better mental (anxiety, depression, and stress) and physical (fatigue, headache, and diarrhea) health overall. However, when total scores for positive and negative emotion were controlled, the reverse effect was found. Finally, a significant interaction effect was found between a measure of COVID-19 impact and IPL shape on each of the six health outcomes, suggesting that greater emotional flexibility may provide buffering against large-scale and unexpected challenges. Altogether, these results suggest that emotional stability may be most beneficial against illness when life is relatively stable, while emotional flexibility may be more adaptive when life is unstable. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:40932787 | DOI:10.1037/emo0001580

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Sep 16;122(37):e2420621122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2420621122. Epub 2025 Sep 11.

ABSTRACT

Inferring dynamical models from data continues to be a significant challenge in computational biology, especially given the stochastic nature of many biological processes. We explore a common scenario in omics, where statistically independent cross-sectional samples are available at a few time points, and the goal is to infer the underlying diffusion process that generated the data. Existing inference approaches often simplify or ignore noise intrinsic to the system, compromising accuracy for the sake of optimization ease. We circumvent this compromise by inferring the phase-space probability flow that shares the same time-dependent marginal distributions as the underlying stochastic process. Our approach, probability flow inference (PFI), disentangles force from intrinsic stochasticity while retaining the algorithmic ease of ordinary differential equation (ODE) inference. Analytically, we prove that for Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes the regularized PFI formalism yields a unique solution in the limit of well-sampled distributions. In practical applications, we show that PFI enables accurate parameter and force estimation in high-dimensional stochastic reaction networks, and that it allows inference of cell differentiation dynamics with molecular noise, outperforming state-of-the-art approaches.

PMID:40932777 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2420621122

J Pers Soc Psychol. 2025 Oct;129(4):758. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000505.

ABSTRACT

Reports the notice of retraction of “Here one time, gone the next: Fluctuations in support received and provided predict changes in relationship satisfaction across the transition to parenthood” by Jami Eller, Yuthika U. Girme, Brian P. Don, W. Steven Rholes, Kristin D. Mickelson and Jeffry A. Simpson (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2023[May], Vol 124[5], 971-1000; see record 2023-15847-001). The first author, Jami Eller, was unable to be reached. In the process of replicating analyses, these authors found that while the descriptive statistics for both studies reported in this paper replicated, overtime dyadic analyses testing focal hypotheses were not statistically significant at p < .05. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2023-15847-001.) Extant research has demonstrated that higher mean (average) levels of social support often produce robust relational benefits. However, partners may not maintain the same level of support across time, resulting in potential fluctuations (i.e., within-person variations across time) in support. Despite the theorizing and initial research on fluctuations in relationship-relevant thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, little is known about (a) who is most likely to fluctuate in support and (b) the degree to which fluctuations, in combination with and beyond mean levels, impact relationships across time. The current preregistered research examined two dyadic longitudinal samples of first-time parents undergoing the transition to parenthood, a chronically stressful time that often entails the provision and receipt of support involving one’s partner. Across both studies, we found that individuals who reported greater mental health problems, more situational stress, and more destructive dispositional attributes tended to report lower mean levels and higher fluctuations in provided and received support at subsequent assessments. Moreover, we found that greater fluctuations in perceptions and observations of support predicted decreases in relationship satisfaction over time, above and beyond the effect of mean levels. Implications for theory and studying nonlinear effects in relationships are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:40932763 | DOI:10.1037/pspi0000505

Prehosp Emerg Care. 2025 Sep 11:1-35. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2025.2558865. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The adverse role of accidental hypothermia in trauma patients has been studied for decades while patients undergoing prehospital tracheal intubation are at particular risk due to impaired temperature autoregulation. The primary objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with admission hypothermia (body temperature <35 °C) at the emergency department. Secondary objectives included the assessment of the association of hypothermia with all-cause mortality, transfusion requirement, intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS), and duration of mechanical ventilation.

METHODS: In a single-center retrospective analysis, trauma patients aged ≥16 years undergoing prehospital tracheal intubation were analyzed for admission temperature between 2008 and 2022. Multivariable logistic regression analyses and linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between risk factors, hypothermia, and outcomes.

RESULTS: A total of 851 patients (72% male) with a median age of 50 years, a median injury severity score (ISS) of 27 points, and a 30-day mortality of 30% were included. The median admission body temperature was 35.1 °C, and 366 patients (43%) were hypothermic. Independent risk factors for hypothermia were outside temperature (OR 1.03 per one degree Celsius decrease, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05), helicopter transport (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.33), ISS score (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04), admission shock (OR 3.48, 95% CI 2.27 to 5.34), admission acidosis (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.73), and admission coagulopathy (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.76). Multivariable outcome analyses revealed significant associations of hypothermia with 24-hour mortality (OR 6.6, 95% CI 3.2 to 13.64), 30-day mortality (OR 3.81, 95% CI 2.35 to 6.18), massive transfusion (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.78 to 4.86), ICU LOS in survivors (beta weight 3.15, 95% CI 0.73 to 5.58) and duration of mechanical ventilation in survivors (beta weight 2.65, 95% CI 0.89 to 4.41).

CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that a significant proportion of trauma patients who require prehospital tracheal intubation experience hypothermia, which is associated with critical injury severity and high mortality rates. These associations suggest the potential for implementing preventive measures and rewarming strategies until arrival at the emergency department, necessitating further investigation.

PMID:40932762 | DOI:10.1080/10903127.2025.2558865

Psychol Trauma. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1037/tra0002015. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the feasibility and efficacy of a culturally adapted virtual reality exposure therapy program for Syrian refugee women with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

METHOD: A mixed methods pilot study was conducted with eight Syrian refugee women (aged 25-60) in Lebanon. Participants completed a 13-session virtual reality exposure therapy intervention delivered in three phases: auditory triggers, audiovisual simulations, and immersive 360° war-related environments. PTSD symptoms were assessed pre and postintervention using the validated Arabic PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) supplemented by qualitative interviews.

RESULTS: Participants demonstrated a significant reduction in PTSD symptoms (mean PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition decrease: 30.75 points, p < .001, d = 2.89). Six out of eight participants achieved subclinical PTSD levels posttreatment. Symptom reductions persisted at 6-month follow-up (p < .001). Qualitative themes highlighted improved emotional regulation, reduced hypervigilance, and challenges with claustrophobia during immersion.

CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that virtual reality exposure therapy is a promising, scalable, and culturally sensitive intervention for trauma-exposed refugee populations. Future research with larger randomized trials is warranted to confirm efficacy and improve accessibility in humanitarian settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:40932761 | DOI:10.1037/tra0002015

Psychol Trauma. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1037/tra0002040. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: High levels of traumatic exposure are well-documented in past research within transgender, nonbinary, and gender expansive (TNGE) groups; however, less is known about the levels of traumatic exposure among TNGE Black, Indigenous, and other people of color (BIPOC) communities.

METHOD: This exploratory study aimed to examine the prevalence of traumatic exposure in a community sample of 110 TNGE BIPOC who endorsed past-year suicidal ideation. The Life Events Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (LEC-5) was utilized to measure traumatic exposure that was personally experienced firsthand and that of general traumatic exposure (i.e., experienced firsthand or vicariously). Descriptive statistics are reported detailing the prevalence of both forms of traumatic exposure.

RESULTS: Findings indicate that the average firsthand traumatic exposure and general traumatic exposure scores for the general sample were on average 4.89 and 10.85 types of events, respectively. The most common types of firsthand traumatic exposure were unwanted sexual experience (69%), other stressful experience (61%), physical assault (55%), sexual assault (45%), and transportation accident (45%). The most common types of general traumatic exposure were unwanted sexual experience (86%), physical assault (85%), transportation accident (81%), sexual assault (77%), and natural disaster (74%).

CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that the prevalence and nature of traumatic exposure experienced by TNGE BIPOC may be substantially distinct from that of the general population. Replication of this study with a representative sample is warranted to further assess the prevalence of firsthand and vicarious traumatic exposure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:40932759 | DOI:10.1037/tra0002040

JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Sep 2;8(9):e2531341. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.31341.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a proven effective intervention to reduce the risk for HIV infection. Critically, changes in policies that lead to increased out-of-pocket PrEP costs or that decrease access to proximate PrEP locations could reduce PrEP coverage, resulting in excess HIV infections and costs.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate how decreases in PrEP coverage that would be likely results of federal policy changes may be associated with new HIV infections and their costs.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this economic evaluation, US population-based data sources were used to describe population-level PrEP use and new diagnoses under different hypothetical changes in PrEP coverage. Estimations of excess HIV infections under different policy changes were conducted using parameters from a previously published ecological model of the association between PrEP coverage and new HIV infections. Data on PrEP prescriptions from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022, and estimates from a previously reported original clinical model, which described decreases in HIV diagnoses associated with increases in population PrEP use, were analyzed. Data were analyzed from February 25 to May 23, 2025.

EXPOSURE: Change in PrEP coverage.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Estimated change in new HIV infections under different assumed reductions in PrEP coverage, costs of treatment for avoidable HIV infections, and net costs of avoidable infections after accounting for costs of PrEP medications. We also estimated increases in new HIV diagnoses associated with hypothesized levels of decreasing PrEP coverage, and the costs of treating infections not averted.

RESULTS: In 2012, there were 9565 PrEP users in the US; they were predominately male (5857 [61.2%]), and 7109 (74.3%) were aged 25 to 54 years. By race and ethnicity, 1235 PrEP users (12.9%) were Hispanic, 1857 (19.4%) were non-Hispanic Black, and 5404 (56.5%) were non-Hispanic White. Based on analyses of data from a census of US PrEP users including 17 333 732 person-years of time using PrEP, an absolute 3.3% annual reduction in PrEP coverage during the next 10 years (eg, 2023 to 2033) would result in 8618 avoidable HIV infections, with lifetime medical costs of $3.6 billion (discounted) for treatment.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this economic evaluation estimating effects of the possible health care policy changes on HIV transmission, findings suggest that even modest reductions in PrEP coverage would result in thousands of avoidable HIV infections and billions of dollars of increases in net health care costs.

PMID:40932715 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.31341