Tag: nevin manimala

Womens Health (Lond). 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17455057231199032. doi: 10.1177/17455057231199032.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite a strong international standpoint against female genital mutilation, the prevalence of female genital mutilation in Somalia is extremely high.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of female genital mutilation among female health care service providers in order to formulate appropriate policies and programs to eliminate this harmful practice.

DESIGN: Facility-based cross-sectional survey conducted in 2019 among female doctors and nurses working in Banadir Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia.

METHODS: A total of 144 female health care service providers were randomly selected, and data were collected through a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed by using the statistical software SPSS (Version 21), and qualitative data were analyzed thematically in accordance with the objectives of the study.

RESULTS: The study found that about three-fifths of the respondents had undergone some forms of female genital mutilation during their life. An overwhelming majority believed that female genital mutilation practices were medically harmful, and a majority of them expressed their opinion against the medicalization of the practice of female genital mutilation. The study also observed a significant association between participants’ age and their negative attitudes regarding the legalization of female genital mutilation.

CONCLUSION: Health care service providers’ effort is critical to eliminating this harmful practice from the Somalian society. Strong policy commitment and a comprehensive health-promotion effort targeting the parents and community leaders are essential to avert the negative impact of female genital mutilation.

PMID:37732458 | DOI:10.1177/17455057231199032

Circulation. 2023 Sep 21. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064398. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Preoperative cardiovascular risk stratification before noncardiac surgery is a common clinical challenge. Coronary artery calcium scores from ECG-gated chest computed tomography (CT) imaging are associated with perioperative events. At the time of preoperative evaluation, many patients will not have had ECG-gated CT imaging, but will have had nongated chest CT studies performed for a variety of noncardiac indications. We evaluated relationships between coronary calcium severity estimated from previous nongated chest CT imaging and perioperative major clinical events (MCE) after noncardiac surgery.

METHODS: We retrospectively identified consecutive adults age ≥45 years who underwent in-hospital, major nongated surgery from 2016 to 2020 at a large academic health system composed of 4 acute care centers. All patients had nongated (contrast or noncontrast) chest CT imaging performed within 1 year before surgery. Coronary calcium in each vessel was retrospectively graded from absent to severe using a 0 to 3 scale (absent, mild, moderate, severe) by physicians blinded to clinical data. The estimated coronary calcium burden (ECCB) was computed as the sum of scores for each coronary artery (0 to 9 scale). A Revised Cardiac Risk Index was calculated for each patient. Perioperative MCE was defined as all-cause death or myocardial infarction within 30 days of surgery.

RESULTS: A total of 2554 patients (median age, 68 years; 49.7% women; median Revised Cardiac Risk Index, 1) were included. The median time interval from nongated chest CT imaging to nongated surgery was 15 days (interquartile range, 3-106 days). The median ECCB was 1 (interquartile range, 0-3). Perioperative MCE occurred in 136 (5.2%) patients. Higher ECCB values were associated with stepwise increases in perioperative MCE (0: 2.9%, 1-2: 3.7%, 3-5: 8.0%; 6-9: 12.6%, P<0.001). Addition of ECCB to a model with the Revised Cardiac Risk Index improved the C-statistic for MCE (from 0.675 to 0.712, P=0.018), with a net reclassification improvement of 0.428 (95% CI, 0.254-0.601, P<0.0001). An ECCB ≥3 was associated with 2-fold higher adjusted odds of MCE versus an ECCB <3 (adjusted odds ratio, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.42-3.12]).

CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence and severity of coronary calcium obtained from existing nongated chest CT imaging improve preoperative clinical risk stratification before nongated surgery.

PMID:37732454 | DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064398

J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2023 Sep;47(5):162-169. doi: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.066. Epub 2023 Sep 3.

ABSTRACT

Discoloration poses a significant esthetic issue, and parents’ opinions and emotional states may vary regarding different types of discoloration, such as molar incisor hypomineralization, caries or chromogenic bacteria. This study aimed to assess parent’s emotional state and attitudes towards discoloration in primary and permanent teeth. A two-part questionnaire was designed, consisting of questions about demographic data and simulated visuals of different primary and permanent teeth discoloration conditions. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to determine the emotional state, while parents’ attitudes towards dental consultation for each simulated visual were determined using statements such as “Absolutely yes”; “Yes”; “I don’t have an idea”; “No”; “Absolutely no”. The simulated visuals included cases of “caries with cavitation”, “yellow-brown hypomineralized area”, “white hypomineralized area” and “chromogenic bacteria”. The questionnaire was distributed to 300 parents through online communication channels. Categorical variables were analyzed using Pearson chi-square, with statistical significance set as p < 0.05. A total of 230 parents completed the questionnaire. The highest VAS scores and the highest percentage of “Absolutely yes” responses were observed for “caries with cavitation” in both primary (77.8%, 81.7%) and permanent (60.4%, 94.3%) teeth. Additionally, statistically significant differences were found in the VAS scores for chromogenic bacteria (p = 0.04), caries with cavitation (p = 0.005), white hypomineralized area (p = 0.01) and yellow-brown hypomineralized area (p = 0.02). Comparatively, parental preferences showed statistically significant differences for chromogenic bacteria (p = 0.01), caries with cavitation (p = 0.01), yellow-brown hypomineralized area (p = 0.01) and white hypomineralized area (p = 0.004). Parents displayed stronger emotional responses towards “caries with cavitation” compared to hypomineralization and chromogenic bacteria discolorations and expressed a positive attitude towards seeking dental consultation.

PMID:37732450 | DOI:10.22514/jocpd.2023.066

J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2023 Sep;47(5):138-144. doi: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.063. Epub 2023 Sep 3.

ABSTRACT

The main objective of the present research study is to evaluate the association between the occurrence of buccally displaced canine (BDC) and the palatal as well as the craniofacial morphology in adolescents in accordance at the early permanent dentition. As the experimental group, 100 adolescents of Chinese ethnicity (mean age 13.05 years) with crowding and buccally displaced canine (BDC-c) were selected in comparison with the same number of candidates (mean age 12.59 years) without BDC and crowding as control group. Digital dental casts and cephalograms were collected for three dimensional (3D) and cephalometric measurements. An independent sample T-test was used to compare the cephalometric values between the two groups. Logistic regression as commonly statistical methods used in empirical study including categorical dependent variables was used to identify the joint effects of the dental variables’ 3D measurements. When comparing the groups with above analysis, patients with BDC showed a statistically significant narrower and higher palatal vault. For the cephalometric variables, the anterior cranial base length, sagittal position of the maxilla (SNA), sagittal position of the mandible (SNB), and skeletal relationship between maxilla and mandible (ANB) appeared to be smaller, whilst palatal plane angle (SN-PP), Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA), anterior facial height, and lower facial height were larger in BDC-c control group (p < 0.05). A smaller inter-first premolar width was significant in the prediction model (p = 0.002). This study highlights that BDC-c participants in early permanent dentition exhibited a narrower dental arch and higher palatal vault, of which a smaller inter-first premolar width would significantly increase the occurrence of BDC.

PMID:37732447 | DOI:10.22514/jocpd.2023.063

J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2023 Sep;47(5):133-137. doi: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.062. Epub 2023 Sep 3.

ABSTRACT

In this study, the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine on the resistance to fracture of pulpotomized primary molars was evaluated. 75 primary molars were divided into 2 control groups (positive and negative) and 3 experimental groups with 15 teeth each. No treatment was applied to the teeth in the negative control group. In the teeth in the positive control group, pulpotomy cavities were performed, but not filled. In the teeth in the experimental group, pulpotomy cavities were performed, and filled as follows. Group 3: mineral trioxide aggregate + glass ionomer cement (GIC); Group 4: Biodentine + GIC and Group 5: zinc oxide-eugenol + GIC. Final restorations in teeth in all experimental groups were completed with composite filling material. 75 teeth were then subjected to fracture resistance testing. Obtained data were analyzed statistically. Sorting by fracture resistance; Group1 > Group 4 > Group 3 = Group 5 > Group 2 (p < 0.05). Restorable fracture type was predominant in experimental groups (p < 0.05). The use of Biodentine in teeth undergoing pulpotomy in primary teeth can be preferred as a suitable base material to increase resistance to fracture.

PMID:37732446 | DOI:10.22514/jocpd.2023.062

J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2023 Sep;47(5):116-123. doi: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.060. Epub 2023 Sep 3.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to test the hypothesis that excessive screen time can affect the oral health of school children. In this observational cross-sectional study conducted in four schools in Delhi, National Capital Region (NCR), India, 497 school children aged 8-14 years were included. Convenience sampling was used to select schools. Data were extracted from a questionnaire pertaining to screen time and dietary habits, which was distributed to the school children during their first planned school visit. Seven days later, on their second school visit, the children were clinically examined by a calibrated examiner (κ = 0.9) for dental caries, plaque and gingival health using the following indices: Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth (DMFT)/decayed, extracted, filled teeth (deft), Silness-Loe plaque index (PI) and Loe-Silness gingival index (GI), respectively. Overall, 88.7% of the participants exhibited screen time of ≥2 h with maximum frequency for smartphones (93%), followed by television (84.7%). Significantly higher DMFT/deft values (3.20 ± 0.68 vs. 2.45 ± 0.35, p = 0.001), PI (1.04 ± 0.21 vs. 0.33 ± 0.10, p < 0.001) and GI (1.45 ± 0.34 vs. 0.12 ± 0.04, p < 0.001) were observed in those with screen time ≥2 h as compared to those with screen time <2 h. Data underwent statistical analysis with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Excessive screen time can influence the eating patterns of children and contribute to higher DMFT, GI and PI.

PMID:37732444 | DOI:10.22514/jocpd.2023.060

J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2023 Sep;47(5):103-115. doi: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.059. Epub 2023 Sep 3.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to establish the normality ranges of the linear and angular measurements that can be carried out in orthopantomographies (OPGs) of a paediatric sample from Madrid, according to sex and dentition. OPGs performed in the Radiology Service of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) from caucasic children between 4-14 years old were selected. A total of 44 measurements were made in the OPGs, and the sex and type of dentition of each child were recorded. Panoramic Mandibular Index and Antegonial Index were also calculated. Statistical tests were performed with a confidence level of 95% (p < 0.05) and bilateral significance to analyse the differences between sex and type of dentition, and the correlation between the measurements of the right and left sides. A total sample of 160 OPGs (50% boys, 50% girls) were analysed. 16.25% of the sample was in primary dentition, 50% in first phase mixed dentition, 17.5% in second phase mixed dentition and 16.25% in permanent dentition. Statistically significant differences were found with respect to the sex of the subjects in 11 of the measurements; and 44 in relation to the dentition stages of the subjects. A strong correlation is found between the measurements on the right and left sides. The application of panoramic measurements as indicators of normality can help in the detection of craniofacial alterations in growth and development of the lower facial third.

PMID:37732443 | DOI:10.22514/jocpd.2023.059

J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2023 Sep;47(5):88-95. doi: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.057. Epub 2023 Sep 3.

ABSTRACT

The health of dental pulp tissue is critical to maintaining normal tooth function from the eruption of permanent teeth to the formation of the apex. The study evaluated the inflamed pulp response to the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) after direct pulp capping with the mechanical pulp exposure in rats’ incisor. Forty-eight mandibular central incisors of twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats which were prepared with the cavities of one mm diameter, and the pulp exposures were randomly assigned into two groups: MTA group and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) group. The direct pulp capping was performed after three days and samples histological observations conduction within eight weeks. In both MTA and Ca(OH)₂ groups, dentin -like structures were observed in the pulp tissues of some teeth. The number of teeth with reparative tissue in MTA group was statistically significantly higher than that in Ca(OH)₂ group (p = 0.041). Inflammatory cell infiltration was found in the crown pulp tissues in two groups, and no statistical difference was observed between the two groups (p = 0.243). Pulp necrosis occurred in both groups, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups (p = 0.622). The results in this paper suggest that MTA promotes direct pulp capping and hence has certain potential clinical applications value in the treatments for the preservation of inflamed pulp.

PMID:37732441 | DOI:10.22514/jocpd.2023.057

J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2023 Sep;47(5):81-87. doi: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.056. Epub 2023 Sep 3.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence and severity of dental anomalies according to age at cancer treatment and type of antineoplastic protocol using the Modified Dental Defect Index (MDDI) and to explore the association between MDDI scores and caries experience in Italian childhood cancer survivors (CCS). A total of 88 CCSs (age range 6-20 years) treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for malignant diseases and in remission from at least 2 years were consecutively recruited from March 2019 to July 2022. All participants were examined for dental caries and enamel defects in the permanent dentition according to the decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index and the Aine rating scale. Dental abnormalities were diagnosed using panoramic radiographs and graded for severity according to the MDDI. The MDDI values were categorized as normal (MDDI, 0), moderately abnormal (1 ≤ MDDI < 16), and severely abnormal (MDDI ≥16). None of the enrolled children had normal MDDI score. MDDI and DMFT values were higher in CCSs submitted to cancer treatment before 5 years of age, while no statistically significant association was found with anticancer protocols. A significant positive correlation emerged between DMFT and MDDI values (p < 0.001). CCSs with moderately abnormal disturbances had statistically significant lower DMFT scores (p < 0.001) than those with severe dental abnormalities. These findings suggest that children in remission from malignant diseases with MDDI values ≥16 have poorer dental health and should be strictly monitored by dental specialists.

PMID:37732440 | DOI:10.22514/jocpd.2023.056

J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2023 Sep;47(5):65-72. doi: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.054. Epub 2023 Sep 3.

ABSTRACT

This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of vital pulp therapy (VPT) with the use of iRoot BP Plus (Innovative Bioceramics, Vancouver, Canada) for immature permanent teeth of patients aged from 6 to 10 years with pulp exposure resulting from dental caries and determine the impact of preoperative factors on VPT. Forty-six immature permanent teeth with dental caries underwent pulpotomy using iRoot BP Plus following a standardized protocol. Postoperative follow-ups were conducted on the first 3, 6 and 12 months post-surgery, then annually afterward. Successful treatment outcomes were defined based on clinical and radiographic evaluations. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test, with p < 0.05 considered for statistical significance. Forty-four patients included in this study were 8.48 ± 1.49 years old and were followed up for 6 to 36 months. The overall success rate of pulpotomy was found to be 90.9% (40/44). None of the physical examination findings and symptoms significantly affected VPT prognosis (p > 0.05). Immature permanent teeth with caries-induced pulp exposed in patients aged 6 to 10 years can be effectively treated with pulpotomy using iRoot sBP Plus.

PMID:37732438 | DOI:10.22514/jocpd.2023.054