Tag: nevin manimala

Front Aging Neurosci. 2023 Nov 14;15:1278323. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1278323. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the role of ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has become a research hotspot based on evidence of abnormal iron deposition and lipid peroxidation damage in the brains of PD patients. This study aims to examine the relevant research on ferroptosis and PD from a bibliometric perspective.

METHODS: Original research and review articles related to ferroptosis and PD were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. Statistical analysis and visualization of information including countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords of the included studies were conducted using the R software package “bibliometrix.”

RESULTS: A total of 414 articles met the inclusion criteria, averaging 37.86 citations per article. From 2012 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of research in this area was 63.44%. The corresponding authors of published articles were mainly affiliated with institutions in China, the United States, and Australia. Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China and the University of Melbourne in Australia emerged as the most active and influential institutions. The journal with the highest H-index and publication output was Free Radical Biology and Medicine. “Ferroptosis,” “immunotherapy,” “prognosis” and “microenvironment” were identified as high-frequency keywords, indicating current and future research directions in this field.

CONCLUSION: This bibliometric study provides insights into current research hotspots and emerging trends in the growing field of ferroptosis research related to PD. The high-frequency keywords identified highlight active areas of investigation involving methods, mechanisms, and populations of interest.

PMID:38035275 | PMC:PMC10682076 | DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1278323

Front Aging Neurosci. 2023 Nov 14;15:1277731. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1277731. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with high heritability. Compared to autosomes, a higher proportion of disorder-associated genes on X chromosome are expressed in the brain. However, only a few studies focused on the identification of the susceptibility loci for AD on X chromosome.

METHODS: Using the data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Study, we conducted an X chromosome-wide association study between 16 AD quantitative biomarkers and 19,692 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on both the cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.

RESULTS: We identified 15 SNPs statistically significantly associated with different quantitative biomarkers of the AD. For the cross-sectional study, six SNPs (rs5927116, rs4596772, rs5929538, rs2213488, rs5920524, and rs5945306) are located in or near to six genes DMD, TBX22, LOC101928437, TENM1, SPANXN1, and ZFP92, which have been reported to be associated with schizophrenia or neuropsychiatric diseases in literature. For the longitudinal study, four SNPs (rs4829868, rs5931111, rs6540385, and rs763320) are included in or near to two genes RAC1P4 and AFF2, which have been demonstrated to be associated with brain development or intellectual disability in literature, while the functional annotations of other five novel SNPs (rs12157031, rs428303, rs5953487, rs10284107, and rs5955016) have not been found.

DISCUSSION: 15 SNPs were found statistically significantly associated with the quantitative biomarkers of the AD. Follow-up study in molecular genetics is needed to verify whether they are indeed related to AD. The findings in this article expand our understanding of the role of the X chromosome in exploring disease susceptibility, introduce new insights into the molecular genetics behind the AD, and may provide a mechanistic clue to further AD-related studies.

PMID:38035272 | PMC:PMC10682795 | DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1277731

Surg Open Sci. 2023 Nov 2;16:184-191. doi: 10.1016/j.sopen.2023.10.014. eCollection 2023 Dec.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Surgical fatigue syndrome (SFS) is a frequent, but underestimated, entity that occurs during laparoscopic surgeries. It could impair surgical outcomes, patient safety, and surgeon health. Furthermore, current surgical education lacks effective interventions to avoid it. Discomfort represents the most common manifestation and includes musculoskeletal fatigue, numbness, or frank pain. The most common affected sites are the back neck, dominant hand shoulder, and high or low back. We propose an integral intervention (surgeon posture, instruments/devices design & use and discomfort improvement) that prevents or mitigates SFS.

METHODS: An experimental study was conducted on 57 general surgery residents and general surgeons. Participants in the experimental and control group executed standardized laparoscopic knots in a simulator and knowledge, body discomfort, and posture/ergonomic risk was evaluated before and after intervention application.

RESULTS: A statistically significant decrease in discomfort intensity was found in the experimental group. Also, discomfort presentation by the anatomic site diminishes and surgical performance improves.

CONCLUSIONS: Intervention prevents or mitigates discomfort associated with muscle-skeletal component of SFS.

ACGME COMPETENCY: Practice Based-Learning and Improvement.

PMID:38035222 | PMC:PMC10684824 | DOI:10.1016/j.sopen.2023.10.014

Patterns (N Y). 2023 Sep 30;4(11):100843. doi: 10.1016/j.patter.2023.100843. eCollection 2023 Nov 10.

ABSTRACT

This work introduces the EXSCLAIM! toolkit for the automatic extraction, separation, and caption-based natural language annotation of images from scientific literature. EXSCLAIM! is used to show how rule-based natural language processing and image recognition can be leveraged to construct an electron microscopy dataset containing thousands of keyword-annotated nanostructure images. Moreover, it is demonstrated how a combination of statistical topic modeling and semantic word similarity comparisons can be used to increase the number and variety of keyword annotations on top of the standard annotations from EXSCLAIM! With large-scale imaging datasets constructed from scientific literature, users are well positioned to train neural networks for classification and recognition tasks specific to microscopy-tasks often otherwise inhibited by a lack of sufficient annotated training data.

PMID:38035197 | PMC:PMC10682750 | DOI:10.1016/j.patter.2023.100843

Leuk Res Rep. 2023 Oct 28;20:100392. doi: 10.1016/j.lrr.2023.100392. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The nonrandom recurrence of chromosomal abnormalities in multiple myeloma (MM) raises the possibility that they play a role in the pathophysiology and development of the disease. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can identify a high frequency of certain abnormalities without the need for the proliferative and infiltrative index of malignant plasma cells required for conventional cytogenetic analysis. In this study, we describe the association between clinico-biological characteristics and chromosomal abnormalities in 30 Moroccan patients.

METHODS: The analysis of cytogenetic data, conventional and molecular, of 30 cases of MM, obtained from our previously cytogenetic study, and correlation of the results with the clinico-biological data of these patients.

RESULTS: The bone marrow of 5 of 21 patients (23 %) contained a chromosomally abnormal clone, and all karyotypes were complicated (>3 abnormalities). Interphase FISH (iFISH) has detected aberrations in 14 out of 30 (46 %) of the total cases. The proportion of plasma cells in the bone marrow was higher in patients with chromosomal abnormalities (median 29 %) (p = 0.01917) than in patients without abnormalities (median 11 %). Although there was a difference in the median ß-2 microglobulin percentage (13.8 % versus 6.8 %), it was not statistically significant (p = 0.6818). We also, categorized patients into those with a complex clone and those with a sole abnormality. Patients with high bone marrow plasma cell rate (median 45 %) and high rate of ß-2 microglobulin (median 24 %) showed a complex karyotype and a higher iFISH detection rate than those with plasma cells count for (median 20 %) and ß-2 microglobulin count for (median 11 %) but without statistical significance (p = 0.4338 et p = 0.45 respectively). Furthermore, patients with aberrations had significantly shorter overall survival (100 % for 800 days versus 150 days only).

CONCLUSION: Our research has shown that different subgroups of patients with MM can be classified based on the underlying genetic abnormalities. Chromosomal abnormalities (CA) may give the plasma cell a proliferative advantage, increasing the virulence of the disease and affecting overall survival.

PMID:38035181 | PMC:PMC10685041 | DOI:10.1016/j.lrr.2023.100392

Cannabis. 2023 Nov 3;6(3):127-138. doi: 10.26828/cannabis/2023/000173. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

Guided Self-Change (GSC) is a Motivational Interviewing (MI)-based early intervention program, infused with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), for individuals with substance use problems. In this study, we implemented a 4-session GSC program with the innovative addition of mindfulness-based techniques at a minority-serving institution to reduce substance use and negative consequences among self-referred university students. We investigated processes that may be associated with behavior change, including perceived risk of use and self-efficacy ratings among university students who reported their primary substance of choice was cannabis (n = 18) or alcohol (n = 18). The sample of 36 participants (M_age = 24.4, SD_age = 5, range 18-37) mostly identified as female (58.3%), then male (41.7%); 52.8% identified as Hispanic/Latine, 22.2% as Black or African American, and 19.5% as a sexual minority. Among cannabis primary using students, results indicated that the perceived risk of weekly cannabis use, confidence to change, and readiness to change showed statistically significant increases from pre- to post-assessment. Among alcohol primary using students, confidence to change and readiness to change showed statistically significant increases from pre- to post-assessments. All results yielded large effect sizes, which may be inflated due to the small sample size. Findings suggest that over the course of participation in a brief, 4-session targeted GSC program, there were significant increases in perceived risk and self-efficacy among minority university students who engage in primary cannabis or primary alcohol use.

PMID:38035169 | PMC:PMC10683752 | DOI:10.26828/cannabis/2023/000173

Pan Afr Med J. 2023 Sep 11;46:13. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2023.46.13.41152. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: HIV-1 and Mtb are characterized by immune activation and unbalances production of cytokines, but the expression of IL33 in HIV/TB coinfection remain understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the level of IL-33 in plasma of HIV and M. tuberculosis (HIV/TB) coinfected patients compared to patients with respective mono infections in Yaoundé.

METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending the pneumology service and HIV treatment center of the Yaoundé Jamot Hospital. Plasma samples of 157 HIV/TB coinfected patients (n =26, 50% males and 50% females, mean age 39), HIV-1 monoinfected patients (n = 41, 41% males and 59% females, mean age 35), TB monoinfected patients (n = 48, 56% males and 44% females, mean age 37) and healthy controls (n = 42, 29% males and 71% females, mean age 32) were examined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) to detect the levels of IL-33 cytokine.

RESULTS: plasma level of IL-33 were higher in HIV/TB coinfected (33.1±30.9 pg/ml) and TB monoinfected individuals (15.1±2.9 pg/ml) compared to healthy controls (14.0±3.4 pg/ml) and could not be detected in most of the HIV-1 monoinfected individuals (12.6±8.7 pg/ml). Interestingly, the increased plasma level of IL-33 in HIV/TB coinfected patients showed a statistically significant difference between healthy controls (33.1±30.9 pg/ml vs 14.0±3.4 pg/ml, P<0.0001) and HIV-1 monoinfected patients (33.1±30.9 pg/ml vs 12.6±8.7 pg/ml, P=0.0002). We further found that IL-33 was higher in patients with high viral load group (40.6±59.7 pg/ml vs 12.6±1.8 pg/ml), P= 0.47) whereas patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) showed decreased level of IL-33 concentration as the number of years under ART increased. Our data showed a positive association between plasma IL-33 and viral load in the context of HIV/TB coinfection in our study population with a positive Pearson coefficient of r=0.21.

CONCLUSION: this study indicates that plasma level of IL-33 differs among HIV/TB coinfected patients and respective monoinfections patients. The increased level of plasma IL-33 reveals that IL-33 measurement in HIV-1 monoinfected patients may represent an early predictor of development of tuberculosis.

PMID:38035159 | PMC:PMC10683167 | DOI:10.11604/pamj.2023.46.13.41152

Pan Afr Med J. 2023 Sep 11;46:11. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2023.46.11.40984. eCollection 2023.

ABSTRACT

This review explores task shifting and task sharing in sub-Saharan African healthcare to address workforce shortages and cost-effectiveness. Task shifting allocates tasks logically, while task sharing involves more workers taking on specific duties. Challenges include supply chain issues, pay inadequacy, and weak supervision. Guidelines and success measures are lacking. Initiating these practices requires evaluating factors and ensuring sustainability. Task shifting saves costs but needs training and support. Task sharing boosts efficiency, enabling skilled clinicians to contribute effectively. To advance task shifting and sharing in the region, further research is needed to scale up effective initiatives. Clear success indicators, monitoring, evaluation, and learning plans, along with exploration of sustainability and appropriateness dimensions, are crucial elements to consider.

PMID:38035152 | PMC:PMC10683172 | DOI:10.11604/pamj.2023.46.11.40984

Cardiovasc J Afr. 2023 Nov 29;34:1-6. doi: 10.5830/CVJA-2023-061. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ellagic, vanillic and rosmarinic acid on reperfusion-related kidney damage, developed in an experimental lower-extremity ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) model.

METHODS: Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups. A median laparotomy and dissection were performed. In the I/R group, 60 minutes of ischaemia followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion was achieved. In addition one group was given 100 mg/kg ellagic acid, one group was given 12 mg/kg vanillic acid, one group was given 50 mg/kg rosmarinic acid and one group was given all three drugs 15 minutes before clamp removal. Bilateral kidney and blood samples were taken in all groups.

RESULTS: Tubular epithelial degeneration, necrosis of the tubule epithelium and vessel wall thickening were significantly higher in the I/R group. Some parameters in the groups that were given drugs were found to be lower than in the I/R group and close to that of the control group. Total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were significantly higher and total antioxidant status (TAS) was significantly lower in the I/R group. Although not statistically significant in the groups given drugs, TAS was higher, and TOS and OSI were lower than in the I/R group.

CONCLUSION: The antioxidant effect of ellagic, vanillic and rosmarinic acid administration may have beneficial effects on renal damage after reperfusion in acute lower-extremity ischaemia. This study is expected to provide information for future clinical trials.

PMID:38032731 | DOI:10.5830/CVJA-2023-061

J Med Internet Res. 2023 Nov 30;25:e49074. doi: 10.2196/49074.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Users increasingly use social networking services (SNSs) to share their feelings and emotions. For those with mental disorders, SNSs can also be used to seek advice on mental health issues. One available SNS is Reddit, in which users can freely discuss such matters on relevant health diagnostic subreddits.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we analyzed the distinctive linguistic characteristics in users’ posts on specific mental disorder subreddits (depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, autism, and mental health) and further validated their distinctiveness externally by comparing them with posts of subreddits not related to mental illness. We also confirmed that these differences in linguistic formulations can be learned through a machine learning process.

METHODS: Reddit posts uploaded by users were collected for our research. We used various statistical analysis methods in Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software, including 1-way ANOVA and subsequent post hoc tests, to see sentiment differences in various lexical features within mental health-related subreddits and against unrelated ones. We also applied 3 supervised and unsupervised clustering methods for both cases after extracting textual features from posts on each subreddit using bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) to ensure that our data set is suitable for further machine learning or deep learning tasks.

RESULTS: We collected 3,133,509 posts of 919,722 Reddit users. The results using the data indicated that there are notable linguistic differences among the subreddits, consistent with the findings of prior research. The findings from LIWC analyses revealed that patients with each mental health issue show significantly different lexical and semantic patterns, such as word count or emotion, throughout their online social networking activities, with P<.001 for all cases. Furthermore, distinctive features of each subreddit group were successfully identified through supervised and unsupervised clustering methods, using the BERT embeddings extracted from textual posts. This distinctiveness was reflected in the Davies-Bouldin scores ranging from 0.222 to 0.397 and the silhouette scores ranging from 0.639 to 0.803 in the former case, with scores of 1.638 and 0.729, respectively, in the latter case.

CONCLUSIONS: By taking a multifaceted approach, analyzing textual posts related to mental health issues using statistical, natural language processing, and machine learning techniques, our approach provides insights into aspects of recent lexical usage and information about the linguistic characteristics of patients with specific mental health issues, which can inform clinicians about patients’ mental health in diagnostic terms to aid online intervention. Our findings can further promote research areas involving linguistic analysis and machine learning approaches for patients with mental health issues by identifying and detecting mentally vulnerable groups of people online.

PMID:38032730 | DOI:10.2196/49074