Tag: nevin manimala

Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2023 Oct;46:51-57. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2023.06.008. Epub 2023 Jul 4.

ABSTRACT

Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia are characterized by early mortality compared to the general population. The main cause of this premature death reflects medical complications linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The use of antipsychotics such as clozapine is associated with weight gain and metabolic disturbances in certain predisposed individuals. Non-pharmacological interventions for weight control have become a key element for secondary prevention in the health of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Here, we aim to evaluate the physical health effects of a nurse-led non-pharmacological intervention program in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia treated with clozapine. Thirty-one outpatients from the outpatient clinical facility of Hospital Clinic in Barcelona, Spain diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders receiving clozapine treatment were enrolled in a prospective interventional study, comprising an 8-week group program of therapeutic education in a healthy lifestyle. MetS factors, physical activity, diet, and lifestyle were evaluated at baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), and 3 months after the program. Weight, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and diet patterns displayed significant differences post-intervention and after 3 months, while only waist, hip perimeter, and lifestyle improved post-intervention. Our results suggest the effectiveness of the lifestyle intervention in patients under clozapine treatment despite its long-time differential effect. Strategies to prevent weight gain and metabolic decline will help prevent premature cardiometabolic disease in this vulnerable population.

PMID:37813503 | DOI:10.1016/j.apnu.2023.06.008

Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2023 Oct;46:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2023.06.011. Epub 2023 Jun 21.

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the mediating effect of depression on the relationship between sleep quality and internet addiction in Taiwanese junior college students. We recruited 590 (53 males, 537 females) students, aged from 15 to 22 years from a day school of a junior college in northern Taiwan. We used a cross-sectional study design. The Chen Internet Addiction Scale, Chinese Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Adolescent Depression Scale were used as measurement instruments. Using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software package, descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and inferential statistics were used to evaluate the participants’ demographics and relationships between the study variables. The mediation model was tested using the Z test. The prevalence of internet addiction in junior college students was 21.2 %. The indirect effects were determined using Sobel’s test and bootstrapping confirming that depression completely mediated the relationship between sleep quality and internet addiction. The findings would help to build holistic and comprehensive prevention and intervention programs that should be developed to reduce the addictive behaviors of adolescents.

PMID:37813492 | DOI:10.1016/j.apnu.2023.06.011

BMJ Glob Health. 2023 Oct;8(10):e012015. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012015.

ABSTRACT

The African Region reports the heaviest burden of public health emergencies globally. This paper presents an exploratory analysis of public health events data collected the past 22 years in the WHO Africa region, to explore patterns and trends that can inform public health strategies, policy changes and develop appropriate tools to improve disease surveillance, preparedness and response to public health emergencies. A suite of exploratory data analysis methods combining time series analysis, summary statistics, temporal visualisations, geographic information system (GIS) mapping, trend analysis and statistical tests were used to derive patterns and trends from the data. An in-depth analysis of zoonotic disease outbreaks by geography and time was explored. The analysis also focused on whether these outbreaks were viral haemorrhagic related or had other characteristics. Results reveal that between 2001 and 2022, a total of 2234 public health events have been recorded in the WHO African Region of which 1886 events (84.4%) were substantiated. The paper confirms an average of 102 public health events reported yearly during the last 22 years time frame. The large majority (92%) of the substantiated events were infectious diseases (n=1730), 30% (n=566) are zoonoses and 5% (n=95) are humanitarian crises such as disaster events and conflicts. The number of zoonotic disease outbreaks has significantly increased (by 87%) between the past two decades, from 2003 to 2012 period (M=18.6, SD=4.8) and 2013-2022 period (M=34.7, SD=14); t(18) = 3.4, p=0.0032. This analysis shows growing challenges faced in the Africa region every year. One-health approach and its coordination across multiple sectors, disciplines and communities is critical to achieve the objectives.

PMID:37813470 | DOI:10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012015

BMJ. 2023 Oct 9;383:e075294. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2023-075294.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:37813465 | DOI:10.1136/bmj-2023-075294

J Am Chem Soc. 2023 Oct 9. doi: 10.1021/jacs.3c08248. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the synthesis and characterization of statistical and block copolymers containing α-lipoic acid (LA) using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. LA, a readily available nutritional supplement, undergoes efficient radical ring-opening copolymerization with vinyl monomers in a controlled manner with predictable molecular weights and low molar-mass dispersities. Because lipoic acid diads present in the resulting copolymers include disulfide bonds, these materials efficiently and rapidly degrade when exposed to mild reducing agents such as tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (M_n = 56 → 3.6 kg mol^-1). This scalable and versatile polymerization method affords a facile way to synthesize degradable polymers with controlled architectures, molecular weights, and molar-mass dispersities from α-lipoic acid, a commercially available and renewable monomer.

PMID:37813389 | DOI:10.1021/jacs.3c08248

Hamostaseologie. 2023 Oct 9. doi: 10.1055/a-2159-8767. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Arterial (ATE) and venous (VTE) thromboembolic complications are common causes of morbidity and mortality in BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). However, there are few studies that include all MPN subtypes and focus on both MPN-associated ATE and VTE. In our single-center retrospective study of 832 MPN patients, a total of 180 first thromboembolic events occurred during a median follow-up of 6.6 years (range: 0-37.6 years), of which 105 were VTE and 75 were ATE. The probability of a vascular event at the end of the follow-up period was 36.2%, and the incidence rate for all first ATE/VTE was 2.43% patient/year. The most frequent VTE localizations were deep vein thrombosis with or without pulmonary embolism (incidence rate: 0.59% patient/year), while strokes were the most frequent ATE with an incidence rate of 0.32% patient/year. When comparing the group of patients with ATE/VTE (n = 180) and the group without such an event (n = 652) using multivariate Cox regression analyses, patients with polycythemia vera (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.660; [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.206, 2.286]) had a significantly higher risk of a thromboembolic event than the other MPN subtypes. In contrast, patients with a CALR mutation had a significantly lower risk of thromboembolism compared with JAK2-mutated MPN patients (HR: 0.346; [95% CI: 0.172, 0.699]). In summary, a high incidence of MPN-associated VTE and ATE was observed in our retrospective study. While PV patients or generally JAK2-mutated MPN patients had a significantly increased risk of such vascular events, this risk was reduced in CALR-mutated MPN patients.

PMID:37813367 | DOI:10.1055/a-2159-8767

Psychiatr Prax. 2023 Oct 9. doi: 10.1055/a-2171-4889. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected young people, resulting in increased psychological distress and rising prevalence rates for mental disorders. There is concern that completed suicides have increased in addition to the observed increase in suicide attempts.

METHOD: The study is based on the police crime statistics (01/2017 to 12/2022) of three federal states in Germany, representing 13% of Germany’s overall population. Suicide counts and rates for the child, teenage, adolescent, and young adult age groups were compared between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods using chi-squared tests.

RESULTS: 860 people under age 30 died from suicide. Suicide rates did not differ between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods in any of the age groups studied.

CONCLUSION: So far, there has been no discernible increase in suicides among young Germans. Ongoing suicide monitoring is recommended.

PMID:37813365 | DOI:10.1055/a-2171-4889

Z Orthop Unfall. 2023 Oct 9. doi: 10.1055/a-2151-4709. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Falls in senior home residents are common. Individual preventive training can lower the fall risk. To detect the need for training, a systematic assessment of the individual fall risk is needed. The aim of this study was thus to assess whether a fall risk score based on free field insole measurements can distinguish between an at-risk group of senior home residents and a healthy young control group. A published fall risk score was used in senior home residents over the age of 75 and a young (< 40 years) control group to determine the individual fall risk. In addition, the fall events over 12 months were assessed. Statistical analysis including ROC analysis was performed to determine the ability of the score to detect participants at heightened fall risk. In total, 18 nursing home residents and 9 young control participants were included. Of the nursing home residents, 15 had at least one fall, with a total of 37 falls recorded over 12 months. In the control group, no falls were recorded. The fall risk score was significantly different between nursing home residents and the control group (9.2 + 3.2 vs. 5.7 ± 2.2). Furthermore, the score significantly differentiated fallers from non-fallers (10.3 ± 1.8 vs. 5.2 ± 2.5), with a cut-off > 7.5 (AUC: 0.95) and a sensitivity of 86.7% (specificity 83.3%). The fall risk score is able to detect the difference between senior nursing home residents and young, healthy controls, as well as between fallers and non-fallers. Its main proof of concept is demonstrated, as based on movement data outside special gait labs, and it can simplify the risk of fall determination in geriatric nursing home residents and can now be used in further, prospective studies.

PMID:37813360 | DOI:10.1055/a-2151-4709

Am J Clin Nutr. 2023 Oct 7:S0002-9165(23)66176-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Evidence on associations between dairy consumption and incident prediabetes is inconsistent. One potential explanation for heterogeneity is that health behavior and food intake co-vary with the consumption of various high-fat and low-fat dairy types.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate the associations of total dairy and dairy types with incident prediabetes, and to assess how dairy intake is linked with metabolic risk factors, lifestyle behaviors and foods, as potential explanations for these associations.

METHODS: 74,132 participants from the prospective population-based Lifelines study were included (mean age 45.5±12.3 years, 59.7% female). Baseline dairy intake was measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Prediabetes at follow-up was defined based on the WHO/International Expert Committee (IEC) criteria as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 110-125 mg/dl or glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels of 6.0-6.5%. Associations were analyzed using Poisson regression models adjusted for social demographics, lifestyle behaviors, family history of diabetes and food group intake. Interconnections were assessed with mixed graphical model (MGM) networks.

RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 4.1±1.1 years, 2,746 participants developed prediabetes (3.7%). In regression analyses, neutral associations were found for most dairy types. Intake of plain milk and low-fat milk were associated with a higher risk of prediabetes in the top vs. bottom quartiles (RR 1.17, 95%CI 1.05-1.30, p_trend=0.04 and 1.18, 95%CI 1.06-1.31, p_trend=0.01). Strong but non-significant effect estimates for high-fat yogurt in relation to prediabetes were found (RR_servings/day 0.80, 95%CI 0.64-1.01). The network analysis showed that low-fat milk clustered with energy-dense foods including bread, meat, and high-fat cheese, while high-fat yogurt had no clear link with lifestyle risk factors and food intake.

CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of Dutch adults, low-fat milk intake was associated with higher prediabetes risk. Heterogeneous associations by dairy type and fat content might partly be attributed to confounding caused by behaviors and food intake related to dairy intake.

PMID:37813340 | DOI:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.002

World Neurosurg. 2023 Oct 7:S1878-8750(23)01400-6. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.10.006. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Traumatic middle meningeal artery (MMA)-middle meningeal vein (MMV) fistula (MMA-MMV fistula) and MMA pseudoaneurysm are the two main MMA-related vascular diseases occurring after blunt head trauma. These are rare but known causes of delayed intracranial hemorrhage. This study investigated predictors that may aid in the diagnosis of these diseases.

METHODS: In our department, screening digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is performed for patients with blunt head trauma accompanied by intracranial hemorrhage and skull or facial bone fracture. This study included 87 patients who underwent screening DSA without craniotomy from January 2019 to June 2023. The patients’ clinical characteristics were retrospectively collected from the database. Statistical analysis was performed to examine the associations of various evaluation items with MMA-related vascular diseases.

RESULTS: The first DSA examination revealed 34 MMA-MMV fistulas and one MMA pseudoaneurysms. The second follow-up DSA examination revealed 13 MMA-MMV fistulas and four MMA pseudoaneurysms. Temporal/parietal bone fracture (odds ratio, 5.33; p = 0.0005; 95% confidence interval, 1.95-14.60) was significantly associated with MMA-related vascular diseases. Endovascular treatments were performed in 9 patients. All procedures were successfully completed without complications; no delayed bleeding was observed.

CONCLUSIONS: Temporal/parietal bone fracture in patients with blunt head trauma is a likely predictor of MMA-related vascular diseases. When initial head computed tomography reveals this pathology, we recommend careful imaging follow-up (e.g., DSA) and treatment as needed, while considering the possibility of MMA-related vascular diseases.

PMID:37813338 | DOI:10.1016/j.wneu.2023.10.006