Tag: nevin manimala

J Eat Disord. 2026 Jan 25. doi: 10.1186/s40337-026-01530-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Interoception is the capacity to perceive, interpret, and respond to internal bodily signals and is increasingly recognised as an important factor in the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). Altered interoception contributes to disrupted hunger and satiety, body image disturbances, and difficulties with emotional awareness and responsiveness, all of which are central to ED psychopathology. Despite this growing theoretical and clinical interest, empirical research examining associations between interoception and diverse ED symptoms remains limited, particularly with respect to the potential moderating role of sociodemographic factors.

OBJECTIVE: This study used self-report instruments to investigate interoceptive sensibility across ED symptoms.

METHODS: A community sample of 221 Australian adults aged 18 or above completed validated self-report measures of interoceptive sensibility (Interoception Sensory Questionnaire, ISQ) and ED symptoms (e.g., Eating Disorder Questionnaire, EDE-Q and Nine Item ARFID Screener, NIAS). Correlation analyses were conducted to assess associations between ISQ scores and ED measures. In addition, we undertook moderation analyses to assess whether sociodemographic factors (i.e., racial background, gender identity, age, employment status, living situation, and sex assigned at birth) influenced ISQ scores and their associations with ED measures.

RESULTS: Statistically significant correlations between ISQ scores and all ED measures were found, with the strongest associations observed with the NIAS and the EDE-Q. Some sociodemographic factors (i.e., sexual orientation, racial background, and sex assigned at birth) also influenced ISQ scores and their association with ED measures.

CONCLUSIONS: Difficulties with interoceptive sensibility are evident across a wide range of self-reported ED symptoms, suggesting that altered interoceptive sensibility may be a transdiagnostic feature of EDs, though the statistical strength of associations between ISQ scores and ED measures varied. Integrating interoceptive sensibility into ED assessment and treatment may enhance the individualisation of care.

PMID:41582193 | DOI:10.1186/s40337-026-01530-z

Sci Rep. 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36494-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Identifying reliable circulating biomarkers is crucial for improving the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with ischemic stroke. In this study, we evaluated several whole-blood circulating miRNAs (miR-106b-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-15b-5p, let-7e-5p, and miR-125a-3p/-5p) to determine their diagnostic and disease severity in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Sixty AIS patients and thirty age- and sex-matched controls were included. Whole-blood miRNAs were quantified at admission and on day 7. Statistical analyses included ROC curves, multivariate logistic regression, and SHAP-based machine learning. Bioinformatic analyses assessed predicted miRNA targets, pathway enrichment, and interaction networks. MiR-125a-3p was significantly reduced in AIS at both time points, while miR-125a-5p was elevated at admission and decreased by day 7. Both miRNAs showed moderate diagnostic value (AUC 0.675 and 0.712, respectively). Higher admission levels of miR-16-5p were strongly associated with greater neurological deficit (NIHSS) and unfavorable outcome (mRS ≥ 3). Multivariate analyses confirmed high miR-16-5p and elevated CRP as independent predictors of poor outcome. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that miR-16-5p targets were enriched in pathways relevant to ischemic injury, including hypoxia response, platelet activation, coagulation, TGF-β and BDNF signaling. A target-interaction network highlighted IL6, FN1, TGFB1, ICAM1, and TLR4 as central nodes linking miR-16-5p to ischemia-inflammatory mechanisms in AIS. Circulating miRNAs display distinct expression patterns in the acute phase of AIS. miR-16-5p emerges as a promising biomarker associated with stroke severity and unfavorable outcome, while miR-125a-3p and miR-125a-5p show potential diagnostic utility. These findings strengthen mechanistic links between platelet-derived miRNAs and ischemic stroke biology. Larger, longitudinal studies integrating functional validation are warranted to confirm their clinical value.

PMID:41582192 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-36494-2

Eur J Med Res. 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1186/s40001-026-03933-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To explore the association of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on heart rate (HR) in overweight or obese patients without diabetes.

METHODS: A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted. Mean differences (MDs) were calculated as effect estimates for HR. Pairwise and network meta-analysis were conducted.

RESULTS: Twelve articles were included. Pairwise meta-analysis showed significant association of increase compared with placebo in liraglutide [MD 2.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.86, 2.89], semaglutide (MD = 3.35; 95% CI 1.69, 5.01), orforglipron (MD = 7.30; 95% CI 5.48, 9.12), oral semaglutide (MD = 4.50; 95% CI 3.11, 5.89), tirzepatide (MD = 2.05; 95% CI 0.96, 3.13), retatrutide (MD = 3.46; 95% CI 1.74, 5.18), and total GLP-1RAs (MD = 3.47; 95% CI 2.65, 4.29). Network meta-analysis revealed that orforglipron 36 mg was associated with the most pronounced increase (MD = 9.29; 95% CI 4.45, 13.86), whereas tirzepatide 5 mg was associated with the least increase (MD = 0.52; 95% CI – 2.71, 3.78).

CONCLUSIONS: GLP-1RAs were associated with the increasing of HR in patients with overweight or obesity. Orforglipron 36 mg was associated with the most pronounced increase, and tirzepatide 5 mg the least.

PMID:41582189 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-026-03933-9

BMC Public Health. 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-25931-y. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41582153 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-25931-y

BMC Pediatr. 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-06504-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend lipid screening in children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) after the age of 10. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia in pediatric T1DM and determine whether screening before age 10 is warranted.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 187 pediatric patients with T1DM attending the diabetes clinic of Emam Reza Clinic, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, were evaluated. Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data including age, sex, disease duration, lipid profile (following standard protocol), and HbA1c were collected. Dyslipidemia was defined as LDL > 100 mg/dL, HDL < 40 mg/dL, and TG > 100 mg/dL (< 10 years) or > 130 mg/dL (≥ 10 years) Statistical analyses included chi-square, independent t-test/Mann-Whitney U, and binary logistic regression.

RESULTS: The mean age was 11.05 ± 3.52 years; 40.1% (75) were ≤ 10 years old. Dyslipidemia occurred in 46.0% (95% CI: 38.9%-53.2%), with similar prevalence in ≤ 10 years (42.7%, 95% CI: 31.5%-53.9%) and > 10 years (48.2%, 95% CI: 39.0%-57.5%) (p = 0.46). Hypertriglyceridemia was observed in 22.7% of younger vs. 22.3% of older patients (p = 0.95), while LDL dyslipidemia tended to be higher in > 10 years (28.6% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.05). In multivariable analysis, each one-unit increase in HbA1c was associated with higher odds of dyslipidemia (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04-1.59), as was BMI (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.21).

CONCLUSIONS: Dyslipidemia is prevalent even in T1DM patients ≤ 10 years. These findings suggest that lipid screening should be considered before age 10 to ensure earlier detection and intervention.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.

PMID:41582152 | DOI:10.1186/s12887-025-06504-9

Arthritis Res Ther. 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1186/s13075-026-03746-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gout are traditionally considered distinct diseases with differing pathogenic mechanisms, making their coexistence controversial. Emerging evidence suggests this overlap may be underestimated. This study aimed to evaluate their epidemiological association, genetic causality, and intersecting molecular features.

METHODS: Epidemiological analyses used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2007 ~ 2018, n = 19,705) data. Propensity score matching and weighted multivariate logistic regression assessed gout prevalence, temporal trends, and risk factors in RA. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis examined nonlinear serum urate (SUA)-gout associations within RA. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) data evaluated causal effects of overall RA, Seronegative RA (SNRA), and Seropositive RA (SPRA) on gout and SUA, with multiple testing controlled by Bonferroni correction. Transcriptomic analyses from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) used differential expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Results were integrated with disease-related genes from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and GeneCards databases for enrichment and pathway analyses.

RESULTS: NHANES data indicated higher gout prevalence among RA patients compared to matched controls (10.3% vs. 4.8%, P < 0.001), with an increasing trend over time (P = 0.006). Weighted logistic regression supported RA as an independent risk factor for gout (OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.95 to 3.67; P < 0.001). RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear SUA-gout association in RA (P < 0.05). MR supported a causal effect of RA on gout, strongest for SNRA (OR = 1.132; 95% CI: 1.044 to 1.227; P = 0.003) after Bonferroni correction, whereas no effect was found for SPRA on gout or for RA, SNRA, and SPRA on SUA. Bioinformatics analysis identified 207 shared RA-gout genes enriched in interferon signaling, immune activation, and antiviral defense pathways, highlighting five hub genes (RSAD2, DDX60, IFIT1, IFIT3, XAF1) central to a convergent interferon-driven mechanism.

CONCLUSIONS: RA and gout may overlap more than previously recognized, with stronger genetic evidence in SNRA. No causal effect on SUA suggests the link may not primarily involve urate pathways. Transcriptomic overlap in interferon signaling indicates potential molecular intersections, warranting further investigation.

PMID:41582139 | DOI:10.1186/s13075-026-03746-5

Popul Health Metr. 2026 Jan 25. doi: 10.1186/s12963-026-00453-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Achieving equitable global health frameworks requires the intentional integration of diverse voices-both professional and lived-from across the high-resourced Global North (GN) and low-resourced South (GS). It is, however, rare that Core Set development using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has equal data representation from both regions. Using the data from the development of Core Sets on deafblindness, we explored a unique opportunity, given the geographic distribution of data sources. We compared ICF category frequencies from the GN and GS across body structure, body function, activities and participation, and environmental factors.

METHODS: We divided the data from an expert survey (n = 105) and from interviews with deafblind individuals (n = 72) by country of origin into GN and GS using the Brandt Line, representing all six regions of the WHO (28 countries). Using the ICF coding system to identify perceived categories of functioning, aggregated frequencies of unique ICF categories were compared across ICF components and chapters using chi-square statistics.

RESULTS: Survey data showed no significant geographic differences across activities and participation or environmental factors; however, qualitative interviews revealed significant deviations. For activities and participation, GN emphasized d9205 (socializing) and d940 (human rights), while GS highlighted d760 (family relationships). For environmental factors, GN focused on e5800 (health services) and e298 (environmental adaptations), whereas GS emphasized e5550 (associations), e310 (family), and e325 (community supports). Within the GN, survey and interview data also differed. Surveys emphasized e310, e315 and e320 (supports), while interviews highlighted e410, e425, e450, and e455 (attitudes). For activities and participation, d660 (assisting others) was more frequent in interviews. The GS showed significant within-region differences for e4 (attitudes), d9 (community, social and civic life) and d2 (general tasks and demands).

CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the regional variations in activities and participation among individuals with deafblindness as they reflect differences in environmental factors. Rooted in cultural and resource differences, geographic region itself constitutes a key environmental factor. Expert perspectives may underrepresent differences in lived environmental realities of individuals with deafblindness. Future Core Set development will benefit from including more diverse sources.

PMID:41582121 | DOI:10.1186/s12963-026-00453-w

BMC Cancer. 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1186/s12885-026-15608-z. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41582119 | DOI:10.1186/s12885-026-15608-z

J Neurol. 2026 Jan 25;273(2):95. doi: 10.1007/s00415-026-13622-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The central vein sign (CVS) is a promising imaging marker of multiple sclerosis (MS). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CVS-based rules in the differential diagnosis of MS and to identify the best cutoffs for these rules.

METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were systematically searched for available evidence. Data extracted were entered into Bayesian models recommended by the Cochrane network. Summary sensitivity and specificity of CVS-based diagnostic rules across different positivity thresholds were calculated. A meta-regression for the role of gadolinium-based MRI protocols was also performed.

RESULTS: 3434 patients from 28 studies were included. Three CVS-based diagnostic rules were found: the first one considers the percentage of CVS + lesions (relative threshold method), the second one the presence of CVS in a given number of lesions selected in T2 sequences (select-n method), and the third one the presence of a given number of CVS + lesions in gradient-echo sequences (select-n* method). For relative threshold method, the best cutoff was 37.5% (sensitivity 97.3%, 95%CI 90.9-99.6%; specificity 90.4%, 95%CI 83.2-95.9%; Youden index 0.877); for select-n* method, 4 was the best threshold (sensitivity 87.1%, 95%CI 66.9-96.6%; specificity 88.2%, 95%CI 65.1-98.1%; Youden index 0.753). Use of gadolinium-based MRI protocols was irrelevant (for relative threshold method RDOR = 6.62, 95%CI 0.68-71.27; for select-n* method RDOR = 2.52, 95%CI 0.35-15.36).

CONCLUSIONS: Relative threshold and select-n* methods are good predictors of MS diagnosis. This synthesis should support the use of CVS in clinical practice and prompt further research.

PMID:41582108 | DOI:10.1007/s00415-026-13622-6

Neuroradiology. 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1007/s00234-026-03904-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Current diagnostic approaches of leptomeningeal disease (LMD) rely heavily on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, which shows significant limitations and the requirement for invasive procedures. We aim to develop an MRI-based grading scores for LMD diagnosis and prognosis that address current diagnostic limitations and provide standardized, reproducible assessment criteria.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 32 adult cancer patients evaluated for suspected LMD. Two experienced neuroradiologists independently assessed MRI studies using our novel grading system, which incorporates leptomeningeal enhancement/intensity patterns (grades 1-6), Evans index for hydrocephalus assessment, brain metastases characteristics, and spinal involvement. Confirmation of LMD cases was employed using dual confirmation approach combining CSF cytology and follow-up MRI.

RESULTS: Our MRI grading system demonstrated promising inter-observer performance. Inter-rater reliability between two attending level neuroradiologists was excellent (ICC = 0.953, P-value < 0.001) using a cutoff score of 2 or higher, the system demonstrated comparable performance. Risk stratification analysis revealed clear prognostic value, with mortality rates of 8.6% for low-risk patients (Grade 1-2), 50% for medium-risk patients (Grade 3-4), and 80.0% for high-risk patients (Grade 5 +). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrate a statistically significant difference in overall survival between patients with varying grades (p-value of 0.00011). Notably, survival probability drops steeply in the Grade 5 + group early on, suggesting that higher LMD burden is associated with rapid clinical deterioration. In contrast, low risk patients appear to have a more indolent course.

CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary findings detail a promising approach in evaluating LMD patients which offers valuable prognostic information for clinical decision making. Furthermore, the high inter-rater reliability across various tumor types further encourages the potential utility of this approach, although further research on a broader population is needed before clinical implementation.

PMID:41582099 | DOI:10.1007/s00234-026-03904-1