Tag: nevin manimala

Vet World. 2026 Jul 31;19(7):3256-3267. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2026.3256-3267. Epub 2026 Jul 28.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) remains a major cause of respiratory disease and economic loss in commercial poultry production, particularly with the emergence and widespread circulation of QX-like variants. In Thailand, these strains continue to challenge existing vaccination programs because of their genetic diversity and limited cross-protection afforded by conventional vaccines. This study evaluated the protective efficacy of concomitant day-old administration of two live-attenuated IBV vaccines (1/96 and H120 + PHY.LMV.42) against challenge with a Thai QX-like IBV strain in commercial broiler chickens.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy day-old Cobb500 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to vaccinated, positive control, and negative control groups. Birds in the vaccinated group received concomitant ocular administration of the 1/96 and H120 + PHY.LMV.42 vaccines at hatch and were challenged at 21 days of age with a Thai QX-like IBV strain (10⁴ median embryo infectious dose [EID₅₀]/0.1 mL). Protective efficacy was evaluated using tracheal ciliostasis protection score (CPS), binomial protection score (BPS), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for viral detection, serological responses determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and body weight measurements. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis test, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Vaccinated broilers exhibited significantly improved tracheal protection compared with unvaccinated challenged controls, achieving a CPS of 58.5% and a BPS of 100%, whereas positive control birds demonstrated complete ciliostasis (CPS = 0%). Viral detection was reduced in vaccinated birds, although the reduction was not statistically significant. Vaccinated birds also developed significantly higher antibody titers after challenge than negative controls (p < 0.05), indicating enhanced humoral immunity. Body weight at 26 days of age remained significantly lower in both challenged groups than in unchallenged controls, suggesting that vaccination only partially mitigated the adverse effects of IBV infection on growth performance. No mortality occurred during the experimental period.

CONCLUSION: Concomitant day-old administration of the 1/96 and H120 + PHY.LMV.42 live-attenuated vaccines provided measurable cross-protection against a Thai QX-like IBV challenge by preserving tracheal ciliary function, enhancing antibody responses, and reducing viral detection in commercial broilers. This hatchery-applicable vaccination strategy represents a practical approach for improving early protection against circulating QX-like IBV strains in Thailand. Nevertheless, protection remained partial, and additional studies involving larger populations, diverse circulating variants, quantitative viral load assessment, and commercial field validation are required to optimize vaccination strategies and confirm long-term protective efficacy.

PMID:42634820 | PMC:PMC13500146 | DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2026.3256-3267

Vet World. 2026 Jul 31;19(7):2751-2762. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2026.2751-2762. Epub 2026 Jul 6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The Houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata) is a vulnerable avian species whose conservation relies heavily on successful captive breeding. Eggshell abnormalities and egg retention are major reproductive constraints that can reduce breeding efficiency. Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) play critical roles in eggshell formation and reproductive physiology; however, their relationship with reproductive performance in Houbara bustards has not been investigated. This study aimed to establish the first reproductive performance-based reference intervals for plasma Ca and P in captive female Houbara bustards, evaluate the calcium-to-phosphorus (Ca:P) ratio, and determine their associations with reproductive outcomes and eggshell abnormalities.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 239 adult female Houbara bustards aged 2-5 years. Blood samples were collected from 136 females during the breeding season and 103 females outside the breeding season. During the breeding season, birds were categorized as good layers (n = 70), soft-shelled egg producers (n = 26), retained egg (stuck egg) cases (n = 19), and non-laying females (n = 21). Plasma Ca and P concentrations were measured using an automated biochemistry analyzer, and the Ca:P ratio was calculated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis test, Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner post hoc comparisons, and Spearman correlation analysis.

RESULTS: Outside the breeding season, mean plasma Ca and P concentrations were 10.5 ± 0.69 mg/dL and 3.98 ± 0.94 mg/dL, respectively, with a mean Ca:P ratio of 2.78 ± 0.58. In good layers, reproductive season reference intervals were established as 10.8-27.8 mg/dL for Ca, 2.6-6.58 mg/dL for P, and 2.48-5.91 for the Ca:P ratio. Significant differences among reproductive groups were observed for Ca (χ² = 16.27, p < 0.001) and P (χ² = 11.12, p = 0.011), whereas the Ca:P ratio did not differ significantly (p = 0.657). Soft-shelled egg producers and retained egg cases exhibited significantly higher Ca concentrations than good layers, while P concentrations were significantly elevated in soft-shelled egg producers. Plasma Ca and P concentrations showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.690, p < 0.001). Elevated Ca was also associated with soft-shelled eggs (r = 0.320, p = 0.001) and retained eggs (r = 0.240, p = 0.024).

CONCLUSION: This study establishes the first reference intervals for plasma Ca and P based on reproductive performance in captive female Houbara bustards. Eggshell defects and egg retention were linked to altered mineral mobilization and utilization rather than Ca deficiency. Routine biochemical monitoring of Ca and P may serve as valuable biomarkers for reproductive assessment and improve breeding success in conservation programs for this vulnerable species.

PMID:42634801 | PMC:PMC13500129 | DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2026.2751-2762

Vet World. 2026 Jul 31;19(7):3231-3245. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2026.3231-3245. Epub 2026 Jul 21.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Dietary energy is the most expensive nutrient of broiler feed, and reducing metabolizable energy (ME) while maintaining performance is a major objective in poultry nutrition. Emulsifiers enhance lipid digestion and may compensate for reduced dietary energy. This study evaluated the effects of a novel ternary emulsifier blend consisting of sorbitan esters, lysolecithin, and de-oiled lecithin applied through a phase-specific supplementation strategy on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and carcass characteristics of broilers fed reduced-energy diets.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 750 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with six replicates of 25 birds each. Treatments included a positive control with standard ME, a negative control with ME reduced by 150 kcal/kg, and three emulsifier-supplemented reduced-energy diets: 250 g/ton emulsifier, 200 g/ton emulsifier, and a phase-specific strategy consisting of 250 g/ton during the starter and grower phases followed by 200 g/ton during the finisher phase. Birds were reared for 35 days. Growth performance, feed efficiency, feed cost per gain, gastrointestinal retention time, nutrient digestibility, apparent ME, fecal characteristics, and carcass traits were evaluated.

RESULTS: During the starter phase, emulsifier supplementation significantly improved final body weight and feed conversion ratio compared with the reduced-energy control (p < 0.05). Birds receiving the phase-specific strategy achieved body weight and feed efficiency comparable to those fed the standard-energy diet. During the grower phase, supplementation with 200 or 250 g/ton comparedof emulsifier increased body weight relative with the reduced-energy control (p = 0.04). However, no significant differences were observed among treatments for overall performance from 1 to 35 days. Emulsifier supplementation significantly reduced gastrointestinal retention time compared with the standard-energy control (p = 0.01). Apparent ME values were numerically higher in emulsifier-supplemented groups, although differences were not statistically significant. Carcass yield tended to improve with emulsifier supplementation, whereas carcass component proportions and abdominal fat deposition remained unaffected.

CONCLUSION: The ternary emulsifier blend partially compensated for reduced dietary energy, particularly during the starter and grower phases. A phase-specific supplementation approach using higher inclusion levels during early growth and lower levels during finishing appears to be an effective and practical strategy for optimizing emulsifier use in reduced-energy broiler diets while maintaining productive performance.

PMID:42634800 | PMC:PMC13500138 | DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2026.3231-3245

Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2026 Aug 19;21:623486. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S623486. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Inhalation therapy is central for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management. However, poor inhaler adherence is associated with increased mortality, decreased quality of life, and increased costs. Existing interventions, particularly their design and delivery across urban and rural settings, have not been comprehensively mapped.

OBJECTIVE: To map the available interventions evaluated to improve inhaler adherence among patients with COPD and characterize their components, delivery approaches, reported outcomes, and variation across urban and rural settings.

METHODS: Following the Arksey and O’Malley framework, nine databases were searched from inception to March 22, 2026, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data, CBM, and CQVIP. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and synthesized findings.

RESULTS: The 24 included studies were from seven countries (19 randomized controlled trials, 2 quasi-experimental studies, 1 prospective cohort study, and 2 pre-post studies); 16 were published in Chinese and 8 in English. Six categories were identified according to the primary intervention component: education-focused (n=8), behaviour-focused (n=4), inhaler technique-focused (n=4), multicomponent (n=3), transitional care-focused (n=4), and reminder-focused interventions (n=1). Five studies used digital delivery, including videoconferencing, telemedicine, SMS, a gamified website, and a WeChat mini-program. Most studies reported improved inhaler adherence, while one found no statistically significant difference. Twenty-two studies were conducted in urban settings; only two Chinese studies targeted rural populations, both used transitional care with face-to-face education, telephone follow-up, and family involvement.

CONCLUSION: The combined evidence suggests that interventions were diverse and predominantly in urban settings. Theory-informed design, ongoing follow-up, technique reassessment, digital support, and caregiver involvement were frequently identified across interventions reporting improved adherence. However, heterogeneity in intervention characteristics and adherence measures limited comparability, while evidence from rural populations remained scarce. Future research should consider longer follow-up and digital technologies to deliver personalized, sustainable interventions, particularly in rural settings.

PMID:42634798 | PMC:PMC13499992 | DOI:10.2147/COPD.S623486

Patient Prefer Adherence. 2026 Aug 19;20:627312. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S627312. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the heterogeneity in self-management behaviors and psychological characteristics among patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), and to construct patient user profiles by integrating demographic and clinical characteristics, thereby providing a basis for developing personalized nursing strategies.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 273 patients with DR were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Wenzhou between March and August 2025. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Scale, the Self-Efficacy to Manage Chronic Disease Scale, the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, and the NEI VFQ-25 scale. K-means clustering was employed to identify potential subgroups, and statistical comparisons were made to examine demographic differences across clusters.

RESULTS: Three clusters were identified, forming three distinct user profiles: distressed dependent type, proactive pioneering type, and balanced transitional type. Significant differences were observed among the three profiles in education level, occupational status, place of residence, per capita monthly household income, diabetes treatment methods, diabetes duration, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, left eye intraocular pressure, and quality of life related to visual function.

CONCLUSION: This study developed three patient profiles. In future clinical practice, healthcare professionals can rapidly identify patients with different risk characteristics based on these profiles and implement targeted, stratified interventions, thereby improving self-management ability, prognosis, and quality of life in patients with DR.

PMID:42634782 | PMC:PMC13500001 | DOI:10.2147/PPA.S627312

Vet World. 2026 Jul 31;19(7):3027-3038. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2026.3027-3038. Epub 2026 Jul 17.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiac disease in cats, and early detection of myocardial dysfunction remains challenging using conventional echocardiography alone. This study evaluated myocardial function using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and investigated the diagnostic value of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), right ventricular longitudinal strain (RVLS), left atrial reservoir strain (LARS), and strain-volume curve analysis for differentiating HCM phenotypes in cats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 40 client-owned cats categorized into three groups: Healthy controls (n = 15), cats with a hypertrophic phenotype and normal left atrial size (n = 13), and cats with a hypertrophic phenotype accompanied by left atrial enlargement (n = 12). Comprehensive echocardiographic examinations included conventional measurements together with LVGLS, RVLS, LARS, circumferential strain, and strain-volume curve analysis. Group comparisons and correlations between strain-derived and conventional echocardiographic parameters were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods, with significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Cats with HCM and left atrial enlargement exhibited significantly lower LVGLS and LARS than healthy cats, indicating impaired ventricular systolic deformation and reduced atrial reservoir function. RVLS did not differ significantly among groups, suggesting relative preservation of right ventricular systolic function during the early stages of disease. Strain-volume curve analysis demonstrated progressive flattening and rightward displacement in affected cats, reflecting impaired myocardial deformation despite preserved conventional systolic indices such as fractional shortening. Moderate correlations were observed between LVGLS and radial strain, whereas LARS showed inverse correlations with indices of left ventricular hypertrophy. These findings indicate that strain-derived parameters provide complementary functional information beyond conventional echocardiographic measurements.

CONCLUSION: Multi-chamber strain echocardiography integrating LVGLS, RVLS, LARS, and strain-volume curve analysis provides a comprehensive assessment of myocardial mechanics in cats with HCM. This approach improves characterization of hypertrophic phenotypes, facilitates earlier recognition of myocardial dysfunction, and may enhance disease staging and clinical decision-making in feline cardiology.

PMID:42634778 | PMC:PMC13500133 | DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2026.3027-3038

JBMR Plus. 2026 Jul 21;10(9):ziag116. doi: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziag116. eCollection 2026 Sep.

ABSTRACT

Glucocorticoids (GCs) affect the Wnt signaling pathway, which is a key mechanism underlying GC-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). The efficacy of romosozumab (ROMO), an antibody targeting sclerostin-an inhibitor of Wnt signaling-in treating GIOP remains unclear, as does its effectiveness when used sequentially after bisphosphonates (BP). In this prospective observational study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ROMO as a sequential therapy following BP in patients with GIOP. Patients with rheumatic diseases receiving BP and GCs equivalent to 5 mg/d or more of prednisolone for at least 6 mo were enrolled and either switched from BP to ROMO (ROMO group) or continued on BP (BP group). BMD of the LS (L2–4), FN, and TH were measured every 6 mo, and bone turnover markers were assessed every 3 mo. Six patients in the ROMO group and 22 in the BP group were analyzed. Patients in the ROMO group were significantly older (78.5 vs 64.5 yr), had a higher history of vertebral fractures, had lower baseline BMD of the FN and TH, and tended to receive higher GC dose (8.0 mg vs 5.0 mg) compared with the BP group. The median (25th–75th percentile) BMD percent changes at 12 mo were numerically higher in the ROMO group compared to the BP group (LS 2.6 [0.8–3.4] % vs 1.6 [-1.9-4.3] %; FN 1.4 [-0.5-5.4] % vs 1.0 [-4.7-5.6] %; TH: 1.1 [-7.6-6.5] % vs -1.8 [-6.4-1.8] %), although their differences were not statistically significant. One new vertebral fracture was observed in the BP group, and 1 patient in the ROMO group experienced a cerebral infarction. These findings suggest that ROMO may be an effective sequential therapy for BP in patients with GIOP.

PMID:42634777 | PMC:PMC13500060 | DOI:10.1093/jbmrpl/ziag116

Vet World. 2026 Jul 31;19(7):3282-3294. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2026.3282-3294. Epub 2026 Jul 28.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Postpartum endometritis is a major cause of impaired fertility and economic loss in dairy production. Although metabolic, inflammatory, biochemical, and hormonal disturbances have individually been associated with uterine disease, comprehensive longitudinal evaluation of these physiological responses and their relationships with reproductive performance remains limited, particularly under tropical dairy production systems. This study aimed to longitudinally evaluate metabolic, inflammatory, biochemical, and hormonal biomarkers associated with uterine health and to determine their relationships with reproductive performance in Friesian-Holstein (FH) dairy cows with suspected and subclinical endometritis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty multiparous FH dairy cows were classified by endometrial cytology into suspected endometritis (n = 30; polymorphonuclear neutrophils [PMN] 5%-<10%) and subclinical endometritis (n = 30; PMN ≥10%). Blood samples were collected on day 0 and day 30 to determine serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), calcium (Ca), albumin, globulin, total protein (TP), haptoglobin (Hp), prostaglandin F₂α metabolite (PGFM), and cortisol. Uterine recovery was assessed by repeat cytology, while reproductive performance was evaluated using estrus intensity, service per conception (SC), and days open (DO). Statistical analyses included an independent-samples t-test, a paired-samples t-test, and a Pearson correlation analysis.

RESULTS: Cows with subclinical endometritis exhibited significantly greater uterine inflammation, higher PMN percentages, elevated NEFAs, BHB, Hp, PGFM, cortisol, globulin, and TP concentrations, and lower Ca and albumin concentrations than cows with suspected endometritis (p < 0.05). Recovery rates were lower in cows with subclinical endometritis (50.0%) than in those with suspected endometritis (83.3%). These cows also showed poorer reproductive performance, characterized by reduced estrus intensity, increased SC, and prolonged DO (p < 0.05). Among all evaluated biomarkers, Hp demonstrated the strongest associations with reproductive performance, showing a strong negative correlation with estrus intensity (r = -0.84) and strong positive correlations with SC (r = 0.84) and DO (r = 0.87) (p < 0.01). Longitudinal assessment further demonstrated partial physiological recovery between day 0 and day 30, although cows with subclinical endometritis consistently exhibited greater metabolic and inflammatory disturbances.

CONCLUSION: Integrated longitudinal assessment demonstrated that systemic inflammation, metabolic imbalance, and endocrine alterations collectively influence uterine recovery and fertility in FH dairy cows. Hp emerged as the most informative biomarker, outperforming conventional metabolic indicators in its association with reproductive performance. These findings support incorporating Hp into biomarker-based reproductive monitoring strategies to identify cows at risk of poor fertility outcomes under tropical dairy production conditions.

PMID:42634774 | PMC:PMC13500150 | DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2026.3282-3294

Vet World. 2026 Jul 31;19(7):3191-3204. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2026.3191-3204. Epub 2026 Jul 20.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Synthetic canine bone models are increasingly used in veterinary orthopedic education as reproducible and ethically acceptable alternatives to cadaveric specimens. However, commercially available models remain expensive, and low-cost fabrication methods that provide suitable mechanical performance are limited. This study aimed to optimize fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (E) and polyester resin (R) composites fabricated by a hand-pour casting technique for the development of affordable canine composite bone models by comparing their tensile mechanical properties and identifying the most suitable cortical bone analog material.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: E and R were reinforced with chopped E-glass fiber at 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% (wt/wt), whereas polyurethane (PU) foam was evaluated as a cancellous bone analog. Dumbbell-shaped specimens were fabricated using silicone molds according to American Society for Testing and Materials D638-14 and tested under uniaxial tension using a universal testing machine. Elastic modulus, yield strength, yield strain, ultimate stress, and ultimate strain were determined from stress-strain curves. Mechanical properties were compared using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Fiber reinforcement significantly improved the elastic modulus of epoxy composites in a concentration-dependent manner, reaching 1,513.12 ± 67.85 MPa at 5 wt%, whereas polyester composites showed no significant stiffness improvement. Epoxy composites demonstrated markedly lower specimen-to-specimen variability than polyester composites, with coefficients of variation for elastic modulus ranging from 1.4% to 4.5%. Although ultimate stress and ultimate strain decreased with increasing fiber content in both resin systems, epoxy reinforced with 3 wt% E-glass fiber provided the most favorable balance between stiffness, reproducibility, and casting workability. PU foam exhibited an elastic modulus of 57.72 ± 7.69 MPa, providing a 23-fold stiffness difference from the selected cortical analog and supporting its suitability as a cancellous core material. The estimated raw material cost of the proposed composite bone model was approximately 7% of the equivalent commercial product.

CONCLUSION: E reinforced with 3 wt% chopped E-glass fiber is the preferred material for low-cost hand-pour fabrication of canine composite bone models because it offers the optimal combination of mechanical performance, manufacturing consistency, and processing feasibility. Combined with PU foam, this formulation provides an economical platform for veterinary surgical simulation. Future studies should validate the bilayer construct under compressive loading, drilling, and screw pull-out testing before clinical educational application.

PMID:42634742 | PMC:PMC13500147 | DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2026.3191-3204

Clin Interv Aging. 2026 Aug 19;21:620284. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S620284. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the association of the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) with complicated appendicitis and length of hospital stay (LOS) in elderly patients with acute appendicitis and to explore the mediating role of complicated appendicitis.

METHODS: In this single-center retrospective cohort at Bozhou People’s Hospital (Dec 2024-Dec 2025), we consecutively enrolled patients aged ≥65 years with preoperative acute appendicitis undergoing emergency laparoscopic appendectomy. The primary exposure was preoperative C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR). Covariates were selected via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, with variance inflation factor (VIF) analysis for multicollinearity. The primary outcome was length of hospital stay; the secondary outcome was complicated appendicitis, defined as intraoperative or pathologically confirmed perforation, gangrene, or periappendiceal abscess. Multivariable logistic regression and Gamma log-link generalized linear models assessed CAR’s associations with the two outcomes respectively. Counterfactual-based mediation analysis with bootstrap validation evaluated the mediating role of complicated appendicitis.

RESULTS: CAR was identified as an independent predictor of complicated appendicitis (OR=1.431, 95% CI: 1.197-1.710, P<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, each one-unit increase in CAR was associated with approximately 4.4% prolongation of LOS (RR=1.044, 95% CI: 1.024-1.064, P<0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that complicated appendicitis exerted a significant partial mediating effect between CAR and LOS, accounting for 57.8% of the total effect.

CONCLUSION: Elevated CAR is associated with complicated appendicitis and prolonged LOS in elderly patients with acute appendicitis, with partial mediation by complicated appendicitis. CAR may assist in preoperative risk stratification.

PMID:42634733 | PMC:PMC13500006 | DOI:10.2147/CIA.S620284