Tag: nevin manimala

Sci Rep. 2026 May 27. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-54762-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Given the growing concern about how school-based bullying undermines students’ academic success and emotional well-being, especially in high-stakes assessment environments, the study investigated the relationships between bullying frequency, psychological safety during assessments, counselling-based accommodations, and academic performance among senior high school (SHS) students in Ghana, with a focus on gender and regional variations. Guided by Edmondson’s (1999) theory of psychological safety, the research employed a quantitative correlational design involving 585 students from 12 public SHSs across Greater Accra, Central, and Ashanti regions. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to test three hypotheses related to direct, indirect, and interaction effects. Findings indicated that psychological safety significantly mediated the relationship between bullying and academic performance (indirect effect = – 0.775, 95% CI [- 1.23, – 0.43]), while the direct effect of bullying on performance became non-significant when psychological safety was controlled (B = 0.02, p = 0.921). Students who perceived higher psychological safety scored significantly higher in academic performance (B = 3.10, p < .001, η² = 0.049). Counselling-based accommodations were found to moderate the negative impact of bullying on psychological safety (interaction term B = 0.22, p = 0.029, η² = 0.008), suggesting that students with access to counselling reported greater resilience against bullying-induced threats to their assessment environments. Gender moderated the bullying performance link (B = – 0.88, p = 0.010), with female students more adversely affected. MANOVA results showed significant multivariate effects for gender (Wilks’ Λ = 0.934, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.039) and region (Wilks’ Λ = 0.882, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.043), and a smaller but significant interaction effect (Wilks’ Λ = 0.972, p = 0.012). The study advocates for gender-sensitive, regionally tailored interventions and suggests that the Ministry of Education institutionalize counselling-based accommodations during high-stakes assessments.

PMID:42204225 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-54762-z

Sci Rep. 2026 May 27. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-54514-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a reproductive endocrine disorder characterized by amenorrhea, hypergonadotropism, and hypoestrogenism before age 40. This study investigated the association of serum Chemerin, follicle stimulating hormone, lipid profile and cardiometabolic indices with the POI. In this case-control study, 38 women with POI and 38 controls were assessed for anthropometric parameters, serum Chemerin, FSH, lipid profile and cardiometabolic indices. Associations were examined using multivariable logistic regression models. Discriminative performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and a combined multivariable model. POI was significantly associated with educational years, physical activity, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and serum Chemerin levels (P < 0.05). ROC analysis showed moderate discriminative ability for Chemerin, TC, and TG, with optimal cut-offs of 25.14 ng/L for serum Chemerin, 196.0 mg/dL for TC, and 114.5 mg/dL for TG, respectively. The combined multivariable model demonstrated excellent discrimination (AUC = 0.929; 95% CI 0.876-0.981), achieving 94.7% sensitivity and 76.3% specificity. Serum Chemerin showed moderate diagnostic value, while several individual variables also demonstrated moderate discriminative ability. However, the combined multivariable model showed substantially stronger discriminatory performance, indicating that integrating multiple variables improves the ability to identify POI compared with individual variables alone.

PMID:42204224 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-54514-z

Sci Rep. 2026 May 27. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-52684-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The determination of the extent and margins of precancerous or cancerous lesions is still a problem in oncological surgeries today. This is more so with the ‘holy grail’ goal of optimal excision requiring total lesion removal and maximal neighboring tissue conservation especially for an important organ like the cervix. Although frozen section is the gold standard method available for aiding intraoperative diagnosis and surgery decision management, in dysplasia of the cervix where precancer cases are treated, it is not applicable due to various reasons, mainly to avoid over treatment. Still an optimal surgery is highly advocated and currently applying LUGOL dye to cervix is the accepted technique although not always accurate. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy can complement visual inspection after LUGOL application, and several efforts have shown its potential in this regard. Research efforts on the subject, however, have not explored the use of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for determining the extent of precancer on fresh cervical biopsies. This work therefore sets out to investigate ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for estimating the extent of precancer on fresh cervical samples using discriminatory features from the fingerprint region, as well as entropy and bound water related markers. Our results show that posterior probabilities were statistically different for precancer and healthy sampling points, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.678 ± 0.094. At a cut-off probability of 0.550, sensitivity and specificity were 70% and 59%, respectively. These results show that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy on fresh tissue can aid spatially resolved determination of the extent of precancer, and that bound water and entropy related spectral biomarkers can provide additional diagnostic information for the ultimate goal of aiding intraoperative decision management.

PMID:42204206 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-52684-4

Sci Rep. 2026 May 27. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-46257-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Engineering optical resilience against atmospheric turbulence is essential for robust free-space photonic technologies. Here, we demonstrate that dual partially coherent Bessel-Vortex beams-with engineered topological charge pairing-exhibit unprecedented control over turbulence-induced scintillation beyond what is achievable with single beams or partial coherence alone. Using a spatial light modulator, we generate single and dual partially coherent Bessel-Vortex beams and propagate them through a laboratory turbulence chamber calibrated to Kolmogorov statistics ([Formula: see text]) over a 0.15 m path, corresponding to a 1 km atmospheric propagation with equivalent turbulence strength [Formula: see text]. A key technical innovation of this work is the simultaneous encoding of both the Bessel-Vortex phase profile and the Kolmogorov-distributed random phase onto a single hologram displayed on the SLM-enabling real-time generation of partially coherent structured beams without additional optical components. We find that dual-beam configurations with co-signed topological charges show monotonically increasing resilience with charge difference, whereas counter-signed pairs display a pronounced non-monotonic response with minimal resistance at Δm = 8. Most strikingly, beams with equal-magnitude opposite charges (|m₁| = |m₂|) exhibit monotonic degradation in resilience up to order 14-a behavior absent in single-vortex systems. These results establish dual topological charge pairing as a previously unexplored design parameter for turbulence-resilient optical systems, with direct implications for free-space optical communication, quantum information transfer, and high-precision optical manipulation.

PMID:42204203 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-46257-8

Sci Rep. 2026 May 27;16(1):16437. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-53181-4.

ABSTRACT

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common chronic condition that can have a significant impact on quality of life (HRQL). We aimed to assess the prevalence of OAB bother and its related quality of life among medical students in Egypt. A cross-sectional study among medical students in Egypt. An online questionnaire was shared via online platforms to collect the intended participants. We used the Overactive Bladder Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life Short Form (OAB-q SF). We assessed the difference between participants in their baseline characteristics using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis Tests. We performed a multiple linear regression to assess the potential risk factors. 1003 participants completed the questionnaire. The median transformed OAB bother score was 10[3.33, 23.33], while the median transformed score of HRQL was 93.8[80, 98.46]. The prevalence was about 15%, while about 51.65% reported a decline in HRQL. A statistically significant association between OAB bother and academic phase, energy drink, or satisfaction with social life was reported. We found no association between OAB bother and caffeinated drinks or smoking. Finally, neither age, gender, nor BMI had an association with OAB bother. A low prevalence of OAB among medical students was found. Consumption of Energy drinks was found to be a risk factor, while caffeinated drinks had no effect. OAB was found to be higher in the academic phase than in the clinical one. Several studies should be conducted to further assess the risk factors of overactive bladder.Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT07044778, June 2025.

PMID:42204195 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-53181-4

Sci Rep. 2026 May 27. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-54820-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Fake news detection is an essential task for media and news organizations to maintain the trust and reliability of the published content. Due to the rapid growth of online users and the spread of misinformation through malicious sources, the fake news circulates quickly across digital platforms. Hence, developing an accurate and efficient fake news detection model is crucial for social welfare. Although many studies have been conducted, achieving high accuracy remains challenging task, especially when dealing with rare and infrequent words. Traditional embedding models such as Word2Vec and FastText perform only word-level vectorization, while transformer-based models like BERT handle subword token more effectively. However, selecting the most suitable subword pieces for vector representation raises challenges. The research introduces a character-based embedding approach to generate fine-grained vector representations by analysing each character. A hybrid CharBERT-Optimized CNN and attention-based stacked Bi-LSTM with cost-sensitive learning (COASBC) model is proposed to classify fake news. In addition, a federated learning (FL) framework is integrated to enable distributed training across multiple news sources for improving generalization of model without sharing raw data. It reduces centralized computational cost, enhances data security and scalability of the model. Furthermore, statistical analysis and complexity analysis are conducted to evaluate the efficiency and computational feasibility of the proposed model. The generalization ability of the model is also analysed using Truth Seeker dataset 2023 that contains short-text tweets. Experimental evaluation using the LIAR, Fake and Real News datasets, FakeNewsNet, and WELFake Dataset demonstrates that the proposed Federated COASBC model achieves superior accuracy, precision, and reliability compared to existing state-of-the-art fake news detection methods and it maintains high computational efficiency.

PMID:42204192 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-54820-6

Sci Rep. 2026 May 27. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-53535-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Classical heat conduction and thermoelastic theories are often inadequate for describing transport processes in modern micro and nano-scale materials, as they assume instantaneous propagation and neglect memory and nonlocal effects. This limitation becomes particularly important in applications such as semiconductor devices and porous structures subjected to rapid thermal and chemical loading. To address this issue, the present study develops a generalized thermo-elasto-diffusion model for porous medium by incorporating fractional-order heat conduction and Klein-Gordon-type nonlocal dynamics. The model extends the classical Lord-Shulman framework through a set of fractional-order modified models derived using an analogy with viscoelastic behavior, allowing both memory effects and spatial interactions to be captured through intrinsic time and length scales. Analytical solutions are obtained in the Laplace domain and numerically inverted using Zakian’s algorithm to evaluate the transient response of displacement, temperature, chemical potential, and stress fields. The results show that fractional-order parameters and nonlocal effects significantly influence wave propagation and heat transfer, especially near boundaries and in regions with strong microstructural interactions. Overall, the proposed framework provides a more realistic and physically consistent description of coupled thermo-mechanical processes, offering useful insights for the design and analysis of advanced porous and semiconductor materials under extreme conditions.

PMID:42204191 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-53535-y

Sci Rep. 2026 May 28. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50447-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has recently gained attention as a cost-effective and easily calculable surrogate marker reflecting insulin resistance-related metabolic risk. Given the close interplay between thyroid hormones, lipid metabolism, glucose regulation, and inflammation, evaluating the association between thyroid dysfunction and the TyG index remains clinically relevant. This study aimed to investigate variation in the TyG index across different thyroid function states-overt hypothyroidism (OH), subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), euthyroidism (EH), and healthy controls-and to assess its associations with lipid parameters and inflammatory markers, including the CRP/albumin ratio. In this cross-sectional observational study, 222 adults were categorized according to thyroid status based on TSH and free T4 levels. The TyG index was calculated using fasting glucose and triglyceride values. Associations with lipid and inflammatory markers were evaluated, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the ability of the TyG index to discriminate individuals with elevated TyG-defined metabolic risk. No statistically significant differences in TyG index levels were observed across thyroid function groups (p = 0.152). However, the TyG index showed significant positive correlations with triglyceride levels (r = 0.419, p < 0.001), CRP/albumin ratio (r = 0.342, p < 0.001), and LDL-C (r = 0.204, p = 0.009). ROC analysis demonstrated moderate discriminatory performance (AUC = 0.731; 95% CI: 0.652-0.809), identifying individuals with higher TyG levels associated with increased metabolic risk. Although TyG index levels did not differ significantly across thyroid function states, their associations with lipid and inflammatory markers suggest that the TyG index reflects metabolic and inflammatory risk profiles independent of thyroid status, rather than serving as a direct diagnostic measure of insulin resistance.

PMID:42204188 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-50447-9

Sci Rep. 2026 May 27. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-53247-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Patients with schizophrenia are at high risk for insomnia, but the associated influencing factors in this population have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the associations between insomnia symptoms and psychopathological indicators and hematological parameters in patients with schizophrenia, as well as to analysis the gender differences. From October 2022 to December 2024, this study recruited 184 patients with schizophrenia. The Insomnia Severity Index Scale (ISI), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Calgary Depression Scale (CDSS), and Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) were used to assess insomnia symptoms, psychotic symptoms, depressive symptoms, and aggressive behaviors, respectively. In addition, this study examined a range of blood parameters including leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); and calculated the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR). Finally, independent factors of insomnia symptoms were identified using stepwise logistic regression, and the predictive value of each factor was evaluated via ROC curve analysis. The prevalence of insomnia symptoms in patients with schizophrenia was 34.8%, with 29.1% in males and 42.0% in females. Regression analysis showed that the independent influences of insomnia symptoms in the total sample were BPRS total score, CDSS total score, NLR (Ln) and T3. In male patients, BPRS total score, CDSS total score, and NLR (Ln) remained significant independent predictors. In contrast, only CDSS total score emerged as a statistically significant independent predictor in female patients. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis further demonstrated that the four-item combination of BPRS total score, CDSS total score, NLR (Ln), and T3 (AUC = 0.825, 95% CI = 0.766-0.885, P < 0.001) had a better ability to identify symptoms of insomnia in the total sample. Meanwhile, the three-item combination of BPRS total score, CDSS total score and NLR (Ln) (AUC = 0.850, 95% CI = 0.773-0.926, P < 0.001) had a better ability to identify insomnia symptoms in male patients. Patients with schizophrenia exhibited a relatively high risk of insomnia (29.1% in males vs. 42.0% in females); however, this difference was not statistically significant. Insomnia symptoms may be associated with psychotic symptoms, depressive symptoms, NLR, and T3. And there may be some gender differences in these correlations, with psychotic symptoms and NLR being independently linked to insomnia only in males.

PMID:42204187 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-53247-3

Sci Rep. 2026 May 27. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50775-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Despite national progress in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), substantial disparities persist among Scheduled Tribe (ST) populations, including the Vantangiya community in Gorakhpur, India. This study assessed household-level WASH conditions and their association with waterborne diseases using a complete survey of 621 households across five villages conducted in 2024. Composite WASH indices were developed based on WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) indicators, including sanitation access, water source and treatment, and handwashing facilities; associations were analysed using Firth’s bias-reduced penalized logistic regression alongside household-level spatial analysis. Only 16% of households demonstrated good WASH conditions; 23% lacked toilet access, 32% relied on unimproved water sources, and 52% lacked handwashing facilities. Poor WASH conditions were associated with significantly higher odds of diarrhoea (aOR: 6.41, 95% CI: 2.08-10.11), typhoid (aOR: 8.91, 95% CI: 5.62-14.00), and any waterborne disease (aOR: 5.10, 95% CI: 1.48-9.89), compared with households with good WASH conditions. Spatial analysis identified statistically significant but very weak spatial autocorrelation, indicating localized heterogeneity rather than strong clustering. Notably, many existing toilets were poorly maintained, reflecting measurable behavioural gaps alongside infrastructure deficits. This finding provides context-specific evidence that WASH inequities remain closely linked to household disease risk. Integrating behavioural-focused interventions with infrastructure improvements may enhance effectiveness. Micro-scale spatial assessment further highlights localized high-risk households, supporting targeted, micro-area WASH interventions integrated within frontline public health delivery systems and aligned with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 in underserved communities.

PMID:42204183 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-50775-w