Tag: nevin manimala

Med Teach. 2022 Oct 29:1-7. doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2022.2136518. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: International data demonstrate that medical students with disabilities experience differential awarding. One cross-sectional study finds lower graduation rates and scores in written exams, with no impact on clinical exams. Disabled students graduated with lower decile scores. This quantitative, retrospective, longitudinal study explored the impact of disability on exam performance, course performance and course discontinuation.

METHOD: Anonymised data were obtained for 1743 students on a UK graduate medical programme from 2011 to present. Statistical tests, including t-tests and one-way ANOVA were conducted for main effects of demographic variables on exam results and categorical outcomes. Regression models established the effects of variables and sub-categories of variables on results and categorical outcomes.

RESULTS: Significant main effects of disability on exam scores were identified, as well as failure probability. Regressions showed significant differences in outcomes between different types of disability, with mental health conditions predicting course discontinuation. A significant amplifying effect was found for BAME students with disability.

CONCLUSION: Disability had a significant negative impact on all course outcomes, illustrating inequity in medical training and an area of focus for curriculum development. Intersectional data identified a key disadvantaged subgroup of medical students.

PMID:36308742 | DOI:10.1080/0142159X.2022.2136518

ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 2022 Oct-Dec 01;45(4):E145-E160. doi: 10.1097/ANS.0000000000000441.

ABSTRACT

An increasing number of individuals are reporting increased stress and anxiety associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. A feasibility, mixed-method design was conducted to investigate distant Reiki as a virtual healing modality within Rogers’ framework of the Science of Unitary Human Beings. Data were collected using pre- and post-distant Reiki session interviews and 2 surveys. Study findings demonstrated changes in participant pattern manifestation and statistically significant reductions in perceived stress and anxiety (P < .001). The preliminary findings support the feasibility of distant Reiki and suggest that nurses, who are Reiki practitioners, may influence the human-environmental field to foster healing.

PMID:36308730 | DOI:10.1097/ANS.0000000000000441

Med Teach. 2022 Oct 29:1-5. doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2022.2133999. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To establish an on-call escape room as a novel educational tool for Foundation Year 1 (FY1) doctors’ induction at Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals Trust. The escape room simulates common on-call scenarios for newly qualified doctors, with a view to facilitating communication and teamwork with unfamiliar peers and establishing a safe environment to develop practical skills. Ultimately aiming to reduce anxiety and improve confidence amongst our FY1 cohort.

METHODS: A pilot escape room, as a simulated on-call shift with nine clinical scenarios, was designed for groups of 4-5 doctors. Following feedback, a 70-minute escape room with 17 clinical scenarios was established. Sequential completion of tasks would ‘unlock’ the door to handover with a senior colleague, thereby finishing the ‘shift’. Questionnaires utilised a 10-point Likert scale to assess confidence and anxiety levels with regards to on-call shifts. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student’s t-test.

RESULTS: Pilot: Nineteen participants trialled the pilot escape room. Perceived levels of confidence increased from a mean of 5.0 to 7.1 (p < 0.05).Final: Forty-one participants underwent the final version of the escape room with perceived levels of on-call confidence increasing from a mean of 4.2 to 6.5 (p < 0.05), prescribing confidence from 5.3 to 6.6 (p < 0.05), using apps from 6.3 to 7.5 (p < 0.05), consulting trust guidelines from 5.0 to 7.0 (p < 0.05) and handing over from 5.8 to 6.8 (p < 0.05). Anxiety levels also decreased from 7.2 to 6.3 (p < 0.05) with an overall mean score of 9/10 for ‘enjoyability’ of the session.

CONCLUSION: Incorporating an on-call escape room scenario into induction has demonstrably increased confidence levels and reduced anxiety levels amongst new FY1 doctors. This novel teaching method maximises participant engagement with the view to an enhanced learning experience.

PMID:36308726 | DOI:10.1080/0142159X.2022.2133999

ANZ J Surg. 2022 Oct 29. doi: 10.1111/ans.18131. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Faecal incontinence (FI) is a debilitating condition which reduces quality of life (QOL). Conservative management with education, pelvic floor exercise and pharmacological agents are first-line treatment. Following which, biofeedback therapy (BFT) is recommended. Although well described in the West, existing literature on its efficacy in Asian populations remains sparse. The primary aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy of BFT in improvement of symptoms, QOL and overall satisfaction in our Asian population.

METHODS: Patients with moderate FI in Singapore General Hospital between 2012 and 2016 were enrolled. Rockwood FI quality of life scale (FIQL) and Wexner scale were used to evaluate QOL across four domains, and symptom severity respectively. They were scored at baseline and again after four sessions of BFT, with an additional overall satisfaction score (OSS).

RESULTS: A total of 137 patients were included. Mean age was 62 years and 72.3% were female. Majority demonstrated improvement in Wexner score (68.6%) and FIQL (65%). Sixty-five patients (47.4%) reported improvement in both. Positive correlation was found between Wexner score and OSS (r = 0.206), and Wexner score and FIQL across all four domains. Only one FIQL domain-coping/behaviour, showed statistically significant correlation with OSS (r = 0.263).

CONCLUSION: BFT is effective in our Asian population in both symptom reduction and improving QOL. Wexner score demonstrated low correlation with FIQL and OSS-suggesting that FI requires a multi-dimensional approach beyond symptom treatment, of which ability to cope appears crucial. BFT, consistent with the biopsychosocial model, shows benefit in this regard.

PMID:36308700 | DOI:10.1111/ans.18131

Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2426:375-390. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1967-4_17.

ABSTRACT

In this protocol we describe our workflow for analyzing complex, multi-condition quantitative proteomic experiments, with the aim to extract biological insights. The tool we use is an R package, PloGO2, contributed to Bioconductor, which we can optionally precede by running correlation network analysis with WGCNA. We describe the data required and the steps we take, including detailed code examples and outputs explanation. The package was designed to generate gene ontology or pathway summaries for many data subsets at the same time, visualize protein abundance summaries for each biological category examined, help determine enriched protein subsets by comparing them all to a reference set, and suggest key highly correlated hub proteins, if the optional network analysis is employed.

PMID:36308698 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-1967-4_17

Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2426:361-374. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1967-4_16.

ABSTRACT

MetaMSD is a proteomic software that integrates multiple quantitative mass spectrometry data analysis results using statistical summary combination approaches. By utilizing this software, scientists can combine results from their pilot and main studies to maximize their biomarker discovery while effectively controlling false discovery rates. It also works for combining proteomic datasets generated by different labeling techniques and/or different types of mass spectrometry instruments. With these advantages, MetaMSD enables biological researchers to explore various proteomic datasets in public repositories to discover new biomarkers and generate interesting hypotheses for future studies. In this protocol, we provide a step-by-step procedure on how to install and perform a meta-analysis for quantitative proteomics using MetaMSD.

PMID:36308697 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-1967-4_16

Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2426:333-359. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1967-4_15.

ABSTRACT

The high-dimensional nature of proteomics data presents challenges for statistical analysis and biological interpretation. Multivariate analysis, combined with insightful visualization can help to reveal the underlying patterns in complex biological data. This chapter introduces the R package mixOmics which focuses on data exploration and integration. We first introduce methods for single data sets: both Principal Component Analysis, which can identify the patterns of variance present in data, and sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis, which aims to identify variables that can classify samples into known groups. We then present integrative methods with Projection to Latent Structures and further extensions for discriminant analysis. We illustrate each technique on a breast cancer multi-omics study and provide the R code and data as online supplementary material for readers interested in reproducing these analyses.

PMID:36308696 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-1967-4_15

Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2426:267-302. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1967-4_12.

ABSTRACT

Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are essential elements of cellular communication. Their variations in abundance can affect cellular pathways, leading to cellular disorders and diseases. A widely used method for revealing PTM-mediated regulatory networks is their label-free quantitation (LFQ) by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The raw data resulting from such experiments are generally interpreted using specific software, such as MaxQuant, MassChroQ, or Proline for instance. They provide data matrices containing quantified intensities for each modified peptide identified. Statistical analyses are then necessary (1) to ensure that the quantified data are of good enough quality and sufficiently reproducible, (2) to highlight the modified peptides that are differentially abundant between the biological conditions under study. The objective of this chapter is therefore to provide a complete data analysis pipeline for analyzing the quantified values of modified peptides in presence of two or more biological conditions using the R software. We illustrate our pipeline starting from MaxQuant outputs dealing with the analysis of A549-ACE2 cells infected by SARS-CoV-2 at different time stamps, freely available on PRIDE (PXD020019).

PMID:36308693 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-1967-4_12

Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2426:243-265. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1967-4_11.

ABSTRACT

Immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry (IP-MS) is a popular method for the identification of protein-protein interactions. This approach is particularly powerful when information is collected without a priori knowledge and has been successively used as a first key step for the elucidation of many complex protein networks. IP-MS consists in the affinity purification of a protein of interest and of its interacting proteins followed by protein identification and quantification by mass spectrometry analysis. We developed an R package, named IPinquiry, dedicated to IP-MS analysis and based on the spectral count quantification method. The main purpose of this package is to provide a simple R pipeline with a limited number of processing steps to facilitate data exploration for biologists. This package allows to perform differential analysis of protein accumulation between two groups of IP experiments, to retrieve protein annotations, to export results, and to create different types of graphics. Here we describe the step-by-step procedure for an interactome analysis using IPinquiry from data loading to result export and plot production.

PMID:36308692 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-1967-4_11

Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2426:197-242. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1967-4_10.

ABSTRACT

msmsTests is an R/Bioconductor package providing functions for statistical tests in label-free LC-MS/MS data by spectral counts. These functions aim at discovering differentially expressed proteins between two biological conditions. Three tests are available: Poisson GLM regression, quasi-likelihood GLM regression, and the negative binomial of the edgeR package. The three models admit blocking factors to control for nuisance variables. To assure a good level of reproducibility a post-test filter is available, where (1) a minimum effect size considered biologically relevant, and (2) a minimum expression of the most abundant condition, may be set. A companion package, msmsEDA, proposes functions to explore datasets based on msms spectral counts. The provided graphics help in identifying outliers, the presence of eventual batch factors, and check the effects of different normalizing strategies. This protocol illustrates the use of both packages on two examples: A purely spike-in experiment of 48 human proteins in a standard yeast cell lysate; and a cancer cell-line secretome dataset requiring a biological normalization.

PMID:36308691 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-1967-4_10