Tag: nevin manimala

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2022 May;47(9):2330-2337. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220222.503.

ABSTRACT

To systematically collect and analyze clinical randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Chinese patent medicine treatment for stroke in 2020, in order to provide basic information for clinical decision-making and related research. On the basis of the collection in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) Clinical Evidence Database System(EVDS), CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase were searched for RCTs of Chinese patent medicine for stroke in 2020. The publication, sample size, intervention and control measures, course of treatment, outcome indicators, methodological quality and other contents were statistically analyzed.A total of 68 RCTs studies on Chinese patent medicine for stroke were included in 2020, of which 29(42.60%) were RCTs with sample size>100 cases. A total of 41 kinds of proprietary Chinese medicines were involved, including 23 kinds of oral proprietary Chinese medicines and 18 kinds of injections. A total of 18 intervention/control cases were included in RCTs, and 19 cases(Chinese patent medicine+Western medicine vs Western medicine) were applied in RCTs, accounting for 27.90%. The duration of treatment was reported in 91.18% of the studies, and the intervention duration was 8-14 days in 50.00% of the studies. Evaluation indexes were widely used, among which physical and chemical testing indexes(49.36%) were the most widely used. According to the methodological quality evaluation, the overall methodological quality of the study is not high, especially the implementation of the allocation hidden, blind method is not accurate, and the registration, ethics and other links are often missing. In conclusion, 2020 implementation of proprietary Chinese medicine in the treatment of stroke research methodology problems is outstanding, the similar function scale large range of optional, no specification selection criteria, reliability and practicability of the impact study, need to further standardize the proprietary Chinese medicine in the treatment of stroke study design, implementation and quality control, and highlight the value of proprietary Chinese medicine in the treatment of stroke and improve the quality of the evidence.

PMID:35531680 | DOI:10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220222.503

Gen Psychiatr. 2022 Apr 13;35(2):e100703. doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2021-100703. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Disrupted white matter (WM) microstructure has been commonly identified in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Several lines of evidence suggest that fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), might play a crucial role in the WM pathology of early onset psychosis. However, evidence linking UFA and WM microstructure in CHR is quite sparse.

AIMS: We investigated the relationship between the plasma UFA level and WM microstructure in CHR participants and healthy controls (HC).

METHODS: Plasma fatty acids were assessed and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were performed with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis for 66 individuals at CHR for psychosis and 70 HC.

RESULTS: Both the global and regional diffusion measures showed significant between-group differences, with decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) but increased mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) found in the CHR group compared with the HC group. On top of that, we found that in the HC group, plasma arachidic acid showed obvious trend-level associations with higher global FA, lower global MD and lower global RD, which regionally spread over the corpus callosum, right anterior and superior corona radiata, bilateral anterior and posterior limb of the internal capsule, and bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus. However, there were no associations between global WM measures and any UFA in the CHR group. Conversely, we even found negative associations between arachidic acid levels and regional FA values in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus and right retrolenticular part of the internal capsule in the CHR group.

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the HC group, CHR subjects exhibited a different pattern of association between WM microstructure and plasma UFA, with a neuroprotective effect found in the HC group but not in the CHR group. Such discrepancy could be due to the excessively upregulated UFAs accumulated in the plasma of the CHR group, highlighting the role of balanced plasma-membrane fatty acids homeostasis in WM development.

PMID:35531577 | PMC:PMC9014058 | DOI:10.1136/gpsych-2021-100703

Expert Rev Vaccines. 2022 May 9. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2075850. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: HPV is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States, the principal cause for cervical cancer, and the principal cause for the recent increase in head and neck squamous cell cancers. Current interventions and research goals fail to sufficiently address the need to prevent HPV, and continued stigmatization of HPV as a female disease further discourages young patients from seeking the vaccine.

AREAS COVERED: This paper will review the epidemiology of HPV, including the rise in male cases and cancers, the immunogenicity of the vaccine, results of efficacy and effectiveness trials, and the social and operational challenges to preventing HPV infection within the United States. Statistics were sourced from the CDC. Studies were found through PubMed searches related to HPV. Priority was given to articles published in the last ten years, and policy statements from major associations were considered.

EXPERT OPINION: Diversified physician engagement in vaccinating adolescents, better knowledge sharing about vaccine hesitancy, and specifically targeting males to bridge the gender gap are all necessary to improve vaccination rates. Further, under-researched, but potentially effective methods to diminish the incidence of HPV-associated cancers include lowering the age of HPV vaccination and utilizing therapeutic vaccinations.

PMID:35531667 | DOI:10.1080/14760584.2022.2075850

Int J Dent. 2022 Apr 26;2022:5824429. doi: 10.1155/2022/5824429. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To provide consistent method for assessment of sedation need among patients undergoing dental treatment based on specific risk factors that is dental anxiety, medical status, and treatment complexity of needed dental treatment using IOSN (indication of sedation need) tool for assisting the clinician in decision making process.

METHODS: A total of 237 patients aged ≥12, ASA I and II were enrolled in the study. A structured questionnaire comprising of three sections was distributed among the participants. Section 1 comprises details about age, gender, literacy level, occupation, monthly income, and previous dental treatment history. Section 2 is based on Modified Dental Anxiety Scale which is a questionnaire comprising of five questions ranging from “not anxious” to “extremely anxious.” The third section was based on using the IOSN tool comprising three components: MDAS (Modified Dental Anxiety Scale) rank score, Systemic Health (ASA status) rank score, and treatment complexity rank scores. The total of three scores was then computed to determine the total rank score which suggested the sedation need. History of past traumatic dental experiences was also inquired from each patient.

RESULTS: A total of 237 patients aged ≥12, ASA I and II were enrolled in the study, out of which 56.1% were female. Statistical analysis was conducted by using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software. Based on the MDAS score, 47/237 (19.8%) participants were found to be highly anxious related to dental procedures. 34.6% of the participants showed to have a high sedation need while performing a dental procedure. The sedation need was found to be significantly associated with the female gender with a significant p value of (p=0.016), higher education status (p=0.016), and history of previous traumatic dental experience (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: A simple assessment tool can enable clinicians in their decision making to identify patients in need for dental treatment under sedation based on patient-specific risk factors such as past traumatic dental experiences. Need for sedation can be assessed by information on patient anxiety level towards dental treatment, medical history, and complexity of planned dental treatment. The IOSN tool is a simple and quick assessment tool that can be applied for preprocedural assessment of sedation need for dental treatment.

PMID:35531571 | PMC:PMC9072058 | DOI:10.1155/2022/5824429

SN Comput Sci. 2022;3(4):269. doi: 10.1007/s42979-022-01150-9. Epub 2022 May 5.

ABSTRACT

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused disastrous results in most countries of the world. It has rapidly spread across the globe with over 156 million cumulative confirmed cases and 3.264 million deaths to date, according to World Health Organization (WHO) Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. With these huge amounts of causalities in the world, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a computer-based analyzer could help governments, experts, medical staff, and citizens to prevent and respond to the incidence. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic involves many unknown parameters where most of them have a spatial dimension. Thus, spatial analysis and GIS could provide appropriate decision-making tools, predictive models, statistical methods, and new technologies for COVID-19 outbreak control, also help the people for avoiding direct contact and preserving social distance. This article aims to review the most promising categories of GIS-based solutions in this domain. We divided the solutions into ten classes including spatio-temporal analysis, SDSS approaches, geo-business, context-aware recommendation systems, participatory GIS and volunteered geographic information (VGI), internet of things (IoT), location-based service (LBS), web mapping, satellite imagery-based analysis, and waste management. The main contribution of this paper is proposing different geospatial guidelines that could provide reliable and useful protocols for COVID-19 outbreak control to minimize causalities, restrict incidence, establish effective urban communication, provide new approaches for business in lockdown situations, telehealth treatment, patient monitoring, adaptive decision making, and visualize trend analysis.

PMID:35531569 | PMC:PMC9069122 | DOI:10.1007/s42979-022-01150-9

Int J Nephrol. 2022 Apr 29;2022:3922398. doi: 10.1155/2022/3922398. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

METHODS: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and the Google scholar for eligible studies through September 2021. The quality of selected articles was assessed using JBI checklist. Higgins and Thompson’s I ² statistic was used to see the degree of heterogeneity. Based on degree of heterogeneity, fixed or random effects model was used to estimate pooled effect using inverse variance method. Results were expressed as hazard ratios and odds ratios with 95% CIs.

RESULTS: After scrutinizing 18017 articles, data from ten relevant studies (seven prospective and three retrospective) was extracted. DR was significantly associated with DKD progression with a pooled HR of 2.42 (95% CI: 1.70-3.45) and a pooled OR of 2.62 (95% CI: 1.76-3.89). There was also a significant association between the severity of DR and risk of progression of DKD with a pooled OR of 2.13 (95% CI: 1.82-2.50) for nonproliferative DR and 2.56 (95% CI: 2.93-.33) for proliferative DR.

CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that presence of DR is a strong predictor of risk of kidney disease progression in DKD patients. Furthermore, the risk of DKD progression increases with DR severity. Screening for retinal vascular changes could potentially help in prognostication and risk-stratification of patients with DKD.

PMID:35531467 | PMC:PMC9076335 | DOI:10.1155/2022/3922398

Rom J Ophthalmol. 2022 Jan-Mar;66(1):22-26. doi: 10.22336/rjo.2022.6.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the possible correlation between the short- and long-term effects of intravitreal bevacizumab on macular oedema after branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Material and methods: This prospective clinical study included fifteen eyes of patients with macular oedema after BRVO. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), recorded in LogMAR units, central foveal thickness (CFT) and maximum foveal thickness (MFT) were evaluated at one month after first application and at least every 2 months for one year. PRN treatment protocol was used for all patients. Statistical calculation was performed with SPSS for Windows and Microsoft Excel. Results: Mean CFT decreased significantly (p<0,0001) from baseline 471,2 ± 151,7 μm to 285,9 ± 79,82 μm at 12 months. CDVA improved significantly (p<0,0001) from baseline 0,58 ± 0,34 to 0,1 ± 0,25 at the end of follow up period. Change from baseline in the CDVA after one month was significantly positively correlated with the change in CDVA after 12 months (r=0,76, p=0,001). Change in CFT after one month had a strong positive correlation (r=0,78, p=0,001) with change after 12 months. There was no statistically significant correlation between the number of injections and the changes in CDVA, CFT, MFT after a single injection. Conclusions: Single injection effects of bevacizumab may indicate long-term results on macular oedema after BRVO, but further and larger studies are necessary. Abbreviations: BRVO = Branch retinal vein occlusion, RVO = Retinal vein occlusion, CFT = Central foveal thickness, MFT = Maximum foveal thickness, VEGF = Vascular endothelial growth factor, MO = Macular oedema, CDVA = Corrected distance visual acuity, PRN = Pro-re-Nata, SD-OCT = Special-domain optical coherence tomography, FT = Foveal thickness, LogMAR = Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution, WHO = World Health Organization, RPE = Retinal pigment epithelium.

PMID:35531462 | PMC:PMC9022156 | DOI:10.22336/rjo.2022.6

Rom J Ophthalmol. 2022 Jan-Mar;66(1):49-54. doi: 10.22336/rjo.2022.11.

ABSTRACT

Objective: Complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is caused by pathologies other than the typical incomplete perforation of the thin membrane in the distal end of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD). Our purpose was to determine the success of silicone tube insertion for such complex CNLDO cases. Methods: Children who met the defined criteria for complex CNLDO and underwent monocanalicular silicone tube insertion between April 2016 and December 2020 were included. The tube was retained for 6-8 weeks and the final outcome was measured 3-4 months after tube removal. If the patients were totally symptom free, the outcome was recorded as complete success. Acceptable outcome was defined as Munk score ≤ 1 (requiring less than twice daily dabbing) and others were classified as failed. Results: Initially, 147 eyes of 132 patients underwent NLD intubation. However, after exclusion of the 11 cases with spontaneous tube extrusion (7.48%), 136 eyes of 121 patients entered the final analysis. The mean age was 23.9 ± 13.0 months (range 8-73 months). The outcome was complete success in 100 eyes (73.5%), acceptable in 16 (11.8%), and failure in 20 eyes (14.7%). The differences in the outcome of the procedure for the eyes based on history of previous probing and age was not statistically significant. Conclusions: NLD intubation with monocanalicular stent is effective in the resolution of complex CNLDO in 85% of cases. This procedure is associated with infrequent complications, like tube loss. The success is not negatively affected by older age and previously failed probing history. Abbreviations: CNLDO = congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, NLD = nasolacrimal duct.

PMID:35531458 | PMC:PMC9022151 | DOI:10.22336/rjo.2022.11

Rom J Ophthalmol. 2022 Jan-Mar;66(1):36-40. doi: 10.22336/rjo.2022.9.

ABSTRACT

Objective: Postoperative assessment of patients diagnosed with binocular cataract, who underwent two phacoemulsification treatments at different times, in terms of subjective experience of the two procedures. Material and method: The investigation is a prospective study based on patients of Ophthalmology Clinic of Mária Street in Budapest and the Ophthalmology Department in Târgu Mureş, between January 2020 and April 2021. After surgery, the patients were surveyed using questionnaires. A total of 53 responses from patients who had undergone cataract removal in both eyes were processed. Data was processed using Microsoft Office Excel and GraphPad Prism 8.0.1. Results: A statistically significant difference (p = 0.0008) in pain was found between the two interventions, with patients reporting greater pain after the second surgery compared to the first treatment. The subjective increase of visual acuity was significantly different (p=0.0156) between the two surgeries. After the first treatment, 37 patients affirmed that their visual acuity met their expectations, but, by the second operation, this had dropped to 31. There was also a statistically significant difference between the individually perceived duration of the two treatments (p=0.0013), with the most frequently reported duration of the first phacoemulsification treatment being 10 minutes (43.4%), and the second eye treatment being 20 minutes (37.7%). Assessing the asymptomaticity, a significant difference (p = 0.009) was registered between the two treatments, the asymptomatic reduction for the second operation being decreased by 28.1%. Conclusion: Patients treated for binocular cataract had significantly worse subjective symptoms during the second treatment.

PMID:35531447 | PMC:PMC9022155 | DOI:10.22336/rjo.2022.9

J Eat Disord. 2022 May 8;10(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s40337-022-00581-2.

ABSTRACT

Advances in machine learning and digital data provide vast potential for mental health predictions. However, research using machine learning in the field of eating disorders is just beginning to emerge. This paper provides a narrative review of existing research and explores potential benefits, limitations, and ethical considerations of using machine learning to aid in the detection, prevention, and treatment of eating disorders. Current research primarily uses machine learning to predict eating disorder status from females’ responses to validated surveys, social media posts, or neuroimaging data often with relatively high levels of accuracy. This early work provides evidence for the potential of machine learning to improve current eating disorder screening methods. However, the ability of these algorithms to generalise to other samples or be used on a mass scale is only beginning to be explored. One key benefit of machine learning over traditional statistical methods is the ability of machine learning to simultaneously examine large numbers (100s to 1000s) of multimodal predictors and their complex non-linear interactions, but few studies have explored this potential in the field of eating disorders. Machine learning is also being used to develop chatbots to provide psychoeducation and coping skills training around body image and eating disorders, with implications for early intervention. The use of machine learning to personalise treatment options, provide ecological momentary interventions, and aid the work of clinicians is also discussed. Machine learning provides vast potential for the accurate, rapid, and cost-effective detection, prevention, and treatment of eating disorders. More research is needed with large samples of diverse participants to ensure that machine learning models are accurate, unbiased, and generalisable to all people with eating disorders. There are important limitations and ethical considerations with utilising machine learning methods in practice. Thus, rather than a magical solution, machine learning should be seen as an important tool to aid the work of researchers, and eventually clinicians, in the early identification, prevention, and treatment of eating disorders.

PMID:35527306 | DOI:10.1186/s40337-022-00581-2