Tag: nevin manimala

J Card Surg. 2021 Aug 21. doi: 10.1111/jocs.15933. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study is to explore the effect of different feeding intervals on the feeding outcomes of infants who underwent ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure.

METHODS: This study is a prospective, randomized controlled trial conducted by a provincial hospital in China. According to different feeding intervals, 78 eligible participants were randomly divided into Group A (2-h interval, n = 39) and Group B (3-h interval, n = 39). The basic clinical data, total feeding time, incidence of feeding intolerance, and nurse job satisfaction scores of the two groups were collected.

RESULTS: The total feeding time in Group A was significantly longer than that in Group B (142.5 ± 15.4 vs. 132.0 ± 16.1 min/d, p = .020). The nurse job satisfaction scores in Group A were significantly lower than those in Group B (101.7 ± 9.8 vs. 108.8 ± 10.1, p = .005). There were no significant differences in the duration of mechanical ventilation (3.7 ± 1.1 vs. 3.9 ± 1.0 d, p = .272), length of ICU stay (4.5 ± 1.1 d vs. 4.7 ± 0.9 d, p = .451), or length of hospital stay (13.2 ± 1.4 vs. 13.3 ± 1.0 d, p = .642) between the two groups. Although the incidence of feeding intolerance in Group A was slightly lower than that in Group B, the difference was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Feeding at an interval of 2 or 3 h has no significant effect on the feeding outcomes of infants, and feeding at intervals of 3 h can reduce nurses’ workload and improve nursing job satisfaction.

PMID:34423474 | DOI:10.1111/jocs.15933

J Card Surg. 2021 Aug 22. doi: 10.1111/jocs.15931. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Aortic cusp extension is a technique for aortic valve (AV) repairs in pediatric patients. The choice of the material used in this procedure may influence the time before reoperation is required. We aimed to assess postoperative and long-term outcomes of patients receiving either pericardial or synthetic repairs.

METHODS: We conducted a single-center, retrospective study of pediatric patients undergoing aortic cusp extension valvuloplasty (N = 38) with either autologous pericardium (n = 30) or CorMatrix (n = 8) between April 2009 and July 2016. Short- and long-term postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups. Freedom from reoperation was compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Degree of aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic regurgitation (AR) were recorded at baseline, postoperatively, and at outpatient follow-up.

RESULTS: At 5 years after repair, freedom from reoperation was significantly lower in the CorMatrix group (12.5%) compared to the pericardium group (62.5%) (p = .01). For the entire cohort, there was a statistically significant decrease in the peak trans-valvar gradient between preoperative and postoperative assessments with no significant change at outpatient follow-up. In the pericardium group, 28 (93%) had moderate to severe AR at baseline which improved to 11 (37%) postoperatively and increased to 21 (70%) at time of follow-up. In the biomaterial group, eight (100%) had moderate to severe AR which improved to three (38%) postoperatively and increased to seven (88%) at time of follow-up.

CONCLUSION: In terms of durability, the traditional autologous pericardium may outperform the new CorMatrix for AV repairs using the cusp extension method.

PMID:34423475 | DOI:10.1111/jocs.15931

Dev Med Child Neurol. 2021 Aug 22. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15022. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Prospective parents whose fetus is diagnosed with a neurological anomaly go through a complex range of emotions. They describe their discussions of antenatal counselling from health care professionals as focusing too much on the nature of the anomaly involving unintelligible medical terminology, when what they really want is a picture of the best- and worst-case scenarios. Whilst information on the level of risk for their fetus is important, it is not the parents’ primary concern. When statistics for risk are given, they may not be as well understood as the health care professionals think. This review discusses the published evidence on antenatal counselling and recommendations for explaining risk to parents of fetuses with neurological anomalies. From this data we make recommendations for the organization of antenatal counselling services.

PMID:34423423 | DOI:10.1111/dmcn.15022

Psychophysiology. 2021 Aug 22:e13924. doi: 10.1111/psyp.13924. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Residential mobility is linked to higher incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. A mechanism by which residential relocation may impact health is through the disruption of social networks. To examine whether moving to a new city is associated with increased CVD risk and whether the extent to which movers rebuild their social network after relocating predicts improved CVD risk and psychosocial well-being, recent movers (n = 26), and age- and sex-matched nonmovers (n = 20) were followed over 3 months. Blood pressure, C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CRP/ALB), social network size, and psychosocial well-being were measured at intake (within 6 weeks of residential relocation for movers) and 3 months later. Multiple regression indicated higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) for movers (M = 107.42, SD = 11.39), compared with nonmovers (M = 102.37, SD = 10.03) at intake, though this trend was not statistically significant. As predicted, increases in movers’ social network size over 3 months predicted decreases in SBP, even after controlling for age, sex, and waist-to-hip ratio, b = -2.04 mmHg, 95% CI [-3.35, -.73]. Associations between increases in movers’ social ties and decreases in depressive symptoms and stress were in the predicted direction but did not meet the traditional cutoff for statistical significance. Residential relocation and movers’ social network size were not associated with CRP/ALB in this healthy sample. This study provides preliminary evidence for increased SBP among recent movers; furthermore, it suggests that this elevation in CVD risk may decrease as individuals successfully rebuild their social network.

PMID:34423451 | DOI:10.1111/psyp.13924

Int J Implant Dent. 2021 Aug 23;7(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s40729-021-00362-7.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the effect of the cause of missing teeth on the survival and subjective success of dental implant treatment (DIT) in young patients with missing teeth due to non-congenital causes (tooth loss) in comparison to patients with missing teeth because of congenital causes (hypodontia and oligodontia).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients were asked 7 questions to extract information about the survival and subjective success of DIT. Implant survival function was designed using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Differences in implant success outcomes were studied using binary logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: One hundred ten patients aged 18 to 40 years old were included, whereof 32 patients with tooth loss, 25 patients with hypodontia and 53 patients with oligodontia. In the tooth loss group, implant survival reached 96.9%; in the hypodontia group 96.0%; and in the oligodontia group 88.7%. Regarding subjective implant success, patient satisfaction was significantly higher (p < 0.040) among patients with congenital missing teeth in comparison to patients with tooth loss. Other implant success components showed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.050) between the groups.

CONCLUSION: The cause of missing teeth does not influence implant survival. However, the cause of missing teeth does have a significant impact on patient satisfaction (implant success), ascertaining young patients with congenital missing teeth as more satisfied of DIT than young patients with tooth loss.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Young patients with tooth agenesis and with an increased number of missing teeth are more content about the treatment with dental implants than patients with tooth loss. Furthermore, a consensus regarding the assessment of implant success is an essential concern for clarification.

PMID:34423396 | DOI:10.1186/s40729-021-00362-7

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2021 Aug 22. doi: 10.1007/s00167-021-06697-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Trochlear dysplasia is a significant risk factor for patellofemoral instability. The severity of trochlear dysplasia is commonly evaluated based on the Dejour classification in axial MRI slices. However, this often leads to heterogeneous assessments. A software to generate MRI-based 3D models of the knee was developed to ensure more standardized visualization of knee structures. The purpose of this study was to assess the intra- and interobserver agreements of 2D axial MRI slices and an MRI-based 3D software generated model in classification of trochlear dysplasia as described by Dejour.

METHODS: Four investigators independently assessed 38 axial MRI scans for trochlear dysplasia. Analysis was made according to Dejour’s 4 grade classification as well as differentiating between 2 grades: low-grade (types A + B) and high-grade trochlear dysplasia (types C + D). Assessments were repeated following a one-week interval. The inter- and intraobserver agreement was determined using Cohen’s kappa (κ) and Fleiss kappa statistic (κ). In addition, the proportion of observed agreement (po) was calculated for assessment of intraobserver agreement.

RESULTS: The assessment of the intraobserver reliability with regard to the Dejour-classification showed moderate agreement values both in the 2D (κ = 0.59 ± 0.08 SD) and in the 3D analysis (κ = 0.57 ± 0.08 SD). Considering the 2-grade classification, the 2D (κ = 0.62 ± 0.12 SD) and 3D analysis (κ = 0.61 ± 0.19 SD) each showed good intraobserver matches. The analysis of the interobserver reliability also showed moderate agreement values with differences in the subgroups (2D vs. 3D). The 2D evaluation showed correspondences of κ = 0.48 (Dejour) and κ = 0.46 (high / low). In the assessment based on the 3D models, correspondence values of κ = 0.53 (Dejour) and κ = 0.59 (high / low) were documented.

CONCLUSION: Overall, moderate-to-good agreement values were found in all groups. The analysis of the intraobserver reliability showed no relevant differences between 2 and 3D representation, but better agreement values were found in the 2-degree classification. In the analysis of interobserver reliability, better agreement values were found in the 3D compared to the 2D representation. The clinical relevance of this study lies in the superiority of the 3D representation in the assessment of trochlear dysplasia, which is relevant for future analytical procedures as well as surgical planning.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II.

PMID:34423397 | DOI:10.1007/s00167-021-06697-3

Prog Orthod. 2021 Aug 23;22(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s40510-021-00369-1.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the effect of mechanical vibration on root resorption with or without orthodontic force application.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty patients who required maxillary premolar extractions as part of orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into two groups of 10: no-force group and force group. Using a split-mouth procedure, each patient’s maxillary first premolar teeth were randomly assigned as either vibration or control side for both groups. A buccally directed vibration of 50 Hz, with an Oral-B HummingBird device, was applied to the maxillary first premolar for 10 min/day for 12 weeks. After the force application period, the maxillary first premolars were extracted and scanned with micro-computed tomography. Fiji (ImageJ), performing slice-by-slice quantitative volumetric measurements, was used for resorption crater calculation. Total crater volumes were compared with the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests.

RESULTS: The total crater volumes in the force and no-force groups were 0.476 mm³ and 0.017 mm³ on the vibration side and 0.462 mm³ and 0.031 mm³ on the control side, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the vibration and control sides (P > 0.05). There was more resorption by volume in the force group when compared to the no-force group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Mechanical vibration did not have a beneficial effect on reducing root resorption; however, force application caused significant root resorption.

PMID:34423388 | DOI:10.1186/s40510-021-00369-1

Brain Imaging Behav. 2021 Aug 23. doi: 10.1007/s11682-021-00499-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Among youths with conduct disorder, those with callous-unemotional traits are at increased risk for persistent antisocial behaviour. Although callous-unemotional traits have been found to be associated with white-matter brain abnormalities, previous diffusion imaging studies were conducted in small samples, preventing examination of potential sex by callous-unemotional traits interaction effects on white matter. Here, we used tract-based spatial statistics at a whole-brain level and within regions of interest to compare the white matter correlates of callous-unemotional traits in female vs. male youths with conduct disorder, in a sample (n = 124) recruited through a multi-site protocol. A sex-specific association between callous-unemotional traits and white matter was found in the left uncinate fasciculus, where callous-unemotional traits were positively associated with axial diffusivity in males, while an opposite pattern was found in females. These findings are in line with previous studies suggesting that the uncinate fasciculus is a key tract implicated in the development of psychopathy, but also add to recent evidence showing that sexual dimorphism needs to be taken into account when examining the structural correlates of mental disorders in general, and callous-unemotional traits in conduct disorder in particular.

PMID:34423395 | DOI:10.1007/s11682-021-00499-4

Eur Heart J. 2021 Aug 23:ehab579. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab579. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: The aim of this study was to generate a biomarker-driven prognostic tool for patients with chronic HFrEF. Circulating levels of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) each have a marked positive relationship with adverse outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). A risk model incorporating biomarkers and clinical variables has not been validated in contemporary heart failure (HF) trials.

METHODS AND RESULTS: In EMPEROR-Reduced, 33 candidate variables were pre-selected. Multivariable Cox regression models were developed using stepwise selection for: (i) the primary composite outcome of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death, (ii) all-cause death, and (iii) cardiovascular mortality. A total of 3730 patients were followed up for a median of 16 months, 823 (22%) patients had a primary outcome and 515 (14%) patients died, of whom 389 (10%) died from a cardiovascular cause. NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT were the dominant predictors of the primary outcome, and in addition, a shorter time since last HF hospitalization, longer time since HF diagnosis, lower systolic blood pressure, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV, higher heart rate and peripheral oedema were key predictors (eight variables in total, all P < 0.001). The primary outcome risk score discriminated well (c-statistic = 0.73), with patients in the top 10th of risk having an event rate >9 times higher than those in the bottom 10th. Empagliflozin benefitted patients across risk levels for the primary outcome. NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT were also the dominant predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, followed by NYHA Class III or IV and ischaemic aetiology (four variables in total, all P < 0.001). The mortality risk model presented good event discrimination for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (c-statistic = 0.69 for both). These simple models were externally validated in the BIOSTAT-CHF study, achieving similar c-statistics.

CONCLUSIONS: The combination of NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT with a small number of readily available clinical variables provides prognostic assessment for patients with HFrEF. This predictive tool kit can be easily implemented for routine clinical use.

PMID:34423361 | DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab579

Fam Pract. 2021 Aug 23:cmab093. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmab093. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown the existence of health concordance between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their spouses, and also that spouses could influence the effect of self-management, benefiting patients’ health. However, these studies are heterogeneous and the evidence is inconclusive.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize evidence from published randomized controlled trials: the interventional effects and the quality of study performance, also to identify the research gap and the directions for future studies.

METHODS: We performed the scoping review by following the PRISMA-ScR guidance. We searched and examined the reports from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo, CINAHL Plus by the pre-specified criteria. Key characteristics and information of eligible reports were extracted, analysed and synthesized comprehensively, and the results were presented in the form of words and diagrams.

RESULTS: We identified 5 reports from 4 studies out of 3479 records included. Qualified studies indicated a positive effect of couple-based interventions on couples’ distress. Insufficient evidence on physiological health or health behaviours was identified owing to the small number of included studies and inconsistent assessment outcomes. The methodological quality across these studies was generally low due to inadequate reporting of study process and substantial biases.

CONCLUSIONS: Couple-based interventions for patients with T2DM showed small effects on the couple’s distress while the effects of other outcomes were inconclusive. Future studies should strengthen methodologies by using standard measures of core diabetic outcomes, including detailed assessments of implementation process, and taking a dyadic approach to systematically examine the effects.

PMID:34423363 | DOI:10.1093/fampra/cmab093