Tag: nevin manimala

Pediatr Nephrol. 2025 Jan 27. doi: 10.1007/s00467-025-06659-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a notably common complication in pediatrics, with an incidence rate ranging from 15 to 64%. This rate is significantly higher than that observed in adults. Currently, there is a lack of substantial evidence regarding the association between intraoperative blood pressure variability (BPV) during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the development of AKI in pediatric patients.

METHODS: This retrospective observational study encompassed children aged 0-7 years undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Intraoperative BPV was calculated using coefficients of variation (CVs) and the area under the curve (AUC). Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to identify risk factors associated with CSA-AKI.

RESULTS: Among 570 patients (median age 1 year) reviewed, 36.1% developed CSA-AKI (68.9% risk stage, 22.8% injury stage, and 8.3% failure stage). After adjusting for other variables, male gender (OR = 2.044, 95% CI 1.297-3.222, P = 0.002), congenital heart surgery risk assessment grade (RACHS-1) classification ≥ 3 (OR = 0.510, 95% CI 0.307-0.846, P = 0.009), longer CPB time (OR = 1.022, 95% CI 1.007-1.037, P = 0.004) and higher peak value of intraoperative vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) (OR = 1.072, 95% CI 1.026-1.119, P = 0.002) were identified as independent risk factors for CSA-AKI. ± 30% AUCm was different in univariate analysis (P = 0.014), however, not statistically different in multifactor analysis (P = 0.610).

CONCLUSION: Greater BPV, specifically MAP variations exceeding 30% AUC during CPB, may be a potential risk factor for CSA-AKI in pediatric patients. Further large sample clinical studies are warranted to analyze the correlation between BPV and CSA-AKI.

PMID:39870953 | DOI:10.1007/s00467-025-06659-8

Acta Parasitol. 2025 Jan 27;70(1):46. doi: 10.1007/s11686-024-00940-w.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Toxocarosis in human beings is currently diagnosed by serological assay based on the detection of antibodies against Toxocara antigens. Toxocara canis larvae do not reach the adult stage in paratenic hosts like humans and mice. Therefore experimental infection in mice, which mimics the biology of human infection, might be relevant to get a better understanding of human toxocarosis.

METHODS: Two recombinant antigens viz. rTc-CTL-1 and rTES-120 were developed by expression of respective genes in Escherichia coli. The Balb/c mice were divided into 3 groups; Group I and group II (n = 8 mice each) were infected orally with 100 and 1000 T. canis embryonated eggs, respectively and Group III, mice served as uninfected control mice. The serum samples were obtained from all mice at 0, 7, 14, 28, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days post infection (dpi) were tested by indirect ELISA for detecting seroreactivity to Toxocara and at 28 dpi sera of mice was used for confirming seropositivity of toxocarosis in experimentally infected mice.

RESULTS: The rTc-CTL-1 antigen based ELISA showed the antibody response in both the infected groups were increased from 7 dpi, reached maximum at 28 dpi, then gradually declined but it was maintained up to 150 dpi where as the rTES-120 antigen based ELISA detected antibody only at 28 dpi with a maximum at 60 dpi, then moderately declined but it was observed up to 150 dpi. The antibody response of group II mice were significantly higher than the group I mice throughout the observation period when compared to control group (P < 0.01). Statistical analysis showed a highly significant difference in the antibody response between the group I and group II mice from 14 to 150 dpi with rTc-CTL-1 ELISA and from 28 to 150 dpi with rTES-120 based ELISA (P < 0.01). The seropositivity in mice sera samples at 28 dpi using rTc-CTL-1 based ELISA revealed 87.5% in group I and 100% in group II mice were positive. The rTES-120 ELISA revealed 12.5% in group I and 25% in group II mice were positive. Statistically highly significant difference in the seropositivity between the recombinant antigens (P < 0.01) was observed, but, there was no significant difference between the infected group of mice.

CONCLUSION: It was concluded that rTc-CTL-1 antigen based ELISA detect antibody in early infections compared to rTES-120 ELISA and also the antibody response was directly proportional to the dosage of infective eggs. The diagnostic efficacy of rTc-CTL-1 antigen based ELISA was better when compared to rTES-120 antigen based ELISA.

PMID:39870949 | DOI:10.1007/s11686-024-00940-w

Obes Surg. 2025 Jan 28. doi: 10.1007/s11695-025-07708-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is the most long-term effective treatment option for severe obesity. The role of gut microbiome (GM) in either the development of obesity or in response to obesity management strategies has been a matter of debate. This study aims to compare the impact of two of the most popular procedures, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GB), on metabolic syndrome parameters and gut bacterial microbiome and in systemic immuno-inflammatory response.

METHODS: A prospective observational study enrolled 24 patients with severe obesity, 14 underwent SG and 10 GB. Evaluations before (0 M) and 6 months (6 M) after surgical procedures included clinical and biochemical parameters, expression of 17 immuno-inflammatory genes in peripheral blood leukocytes, and assessment of gut microbiome profile using 16 s rRNA next-generation sequencing approach. Statistical significance was set to a p value < 0.05 with an FDR < 0.1.

RESULTS: A significant and similar decrease in weight-associated parameters and for most metabolic markers was achieved with both surgeries. Considering the gut microbiome in the whole study population, there was an increase in alpha diversity at family-level taxa. Beta diversity between SG and GB at 6 M showed near significant differences (p = 0.042) at genus levels. Analysis of the relative abundance of individual taxonomic groups highlighted differences between pre- and post-surgical treatment and between both approaches, namely, a higher representation of family Enterobacteriaceae and genera Veillonella and Enterobacteriaceae_unclassified after GB. Increased expression of immune-inflammatory genes was observed mainly for SG patients.

CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that SG and GB have similar clinical and metabolic outcomes but different impacts in the gut bacterial microbiome. Results also suggest reactivation of immune response after bariatric surgery.

PMID:39870942 | DOI:10.1007/s11695-025-07708-9

Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 27;15(1):3426. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-87927-3.

ABSTRACT

Assessment of the quality of orthodontic care in a UAE-based orthodontic postgraduate training institution was conducted using multiple indices, including the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR), American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS), and Index of Complexity Outcome and Need (ICON). Retrospective evaluation of pre- and post-treatment records of patients (n = 201) treated with fixed orthodontic appliances was performed by two examiners Statistical analysis assessed the influence of gender, type of malocclusion, need for extraction, missed appointments and number of treating residents on treatment duration. The average numerical reduction of the PAR and ICON scores at the start and end of the treatment were 17.2 and 30.3, respectively, while the ABO-OGS post-treatment score was 14.8. The average PAR score reduction (84.5%) showed that the majority of the patients showed significant improvement at the end of treatment. Treatment duration correlated positively with ICON case complexity (p = 0.003), number of treating residents (r = 0.572, p < 0.001), and missed appointments (r = 0.671, p < 0.001) and negatively with age at treatment initiation (r = – 0.165, p = 0.019). The study findings indicated favorable outcomes for the quality of orthodontic care delivered by residents in a postgraduate training institution, though there were areas needing improvement. Optimizing the number of treating residents and minimizing missed appointments could further enhance clinical care.

PMID:39870924 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-87927-3

NPJ Digit Med. 2025 Jan 27;8(1):59. doi: 10.1038/s41746-024-01414-z.

ABSTRACT

Predictive model performance may deteriorate when applied to data sources that were not used for training, thus, external validation is a key step in successful model deployment. As access to patient-level external data sources is typically limited, we recently proposed a method that estimates external model performance using only external summary statistics. Here, we benchmark the proposed method on multiple tasks using five large heterogeneous US data sources, where each, in turn, plays the role of an internal source and the remaining-external. Results showed accurate estimations for all metrics: 95th error percentiles for the area under the receiver operating characteristics (discrimination), calibration-in-the-large (calibration), Brier and scaled Brier scores (overall accuracy) of 0.03, 0.08, 0.0002, and 0.07, respectively. These results demonstrate the feasibility of estimating the transportability of prediction models using an internal cohort and external statistics. It may become an important accelerator of model deployment.

PMID:39870920 | DOI:10.1038/s41746-024-01414-z

Int J Impot Res. 2025 Jan 27. doi: 10.1038/s41443-025-01022-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The ejaculatory reflex consists of emission and expulsion, with the latter involving rhythmic muscular contractions that propel seminal fluid. Botulinum toxin, through its inhibitory effects, has been hypothesized to improve premature ejaculation (PE). This study evaluates high-quality evidence on botulinum toxin-A injections into the bulbospongiosal muscle as a treatment for PE. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) following PRISMA guidelines. Outcomes included intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP) scores, and complications. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and R. ROB-2, Eggers test, and GRADE assessed risk of bias, publication bias, and certainty of evidence (CoE). Three RCTs were eligible, and covered data from 228 patients with (1:1) randomisation into intervention and control arms (100 units of botulinum toxin-A in 10 mLs versus 10 mLs of 0.9% NaCl). IELT increases were noted with averages of 39.6, 11.5, and 2.4 s at 1, 3, and 6 months of follow up, respectively. Likewise, PEP scores demonstrated improvements of 1.54, 1.08, and 0.36 units at the same follow up intervals. however, statistical significance was not achieved in both outcomes of interest. Post-procedural complications were recorded in 11 patients (9.6%) with 10 in the intervention group. The majority of patients had voiding difficulties (n = 5) & mild erectile dysfunction (n = 4), however, all adverse events (AEs) were self-resolving and did not require active treatment. Given our findings, current high-quality evidence does not support using Botulinum Toxin-A in the management of PE. Larger scale & standardised RCTs are recommended to conclusively outline its clinical benefits.

PMID:39870913 | DOI:10.1038/s41443-025-01022-9

Lasers Med Sci. 2025 Jan 28;40(1):50. doi: 10.1007/s10103-025-04311-3.

ABSTRACT

Photothermal therapy, in which a laser is an effective tool, is a promising method for cancer treatment. Laser parameters, including power, irradiation time, type of laser radiation (continuous or chopped), and the concentration of the photothermal agent, can affect the efficiency of this method. Therefore, this study investigated and compared the effects of different laser parameters on the efficiency of photothermal treatment for cervical cancer, which is the fourth most prevalent cancer in women. In addition, we investigated the properties of graphene oxide (GO) synthesized as a photothermal agent under laser radiation, and its effectiveness in achieving the desired therapeutic temperature. This study examined and compared the effects of temperature, nanoparticle concentration, irradiation time, and laser power to understand their impact on heat transfer. The toxicity of graphene oxide at different concentrations in HeLa cancer cells was also evaluated. These results demonstrated low toxicity, particularly after 24 h, with approximately 10% toxicity. The study explored mortality under laser irradiation at various powers and time intervals using continuous and chopped beam irradiation. In addition, a model for temperature prediction using a regression tree was presented. Finally, the combined photothermal effects of graphene oxide and laser irradiation were investigated. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test results reveal significant effects, with a mortality rate of 90% in continuous radiation with a concentration of 0.3 mg/ml and 75% in chopped beam irradiation with concentrations of 0.3 and 0.4 mg/ml. A regression tree model was developed to predict temperature changes based on the GO concentration, laser power, and irradiation time, providing valuable insights for optimizing photothermal therapy parameters. Statistical analysis showed that the combined effect of graphene oxide with continuous laser irradiation was more effective than chopped-beam laser irradiation. However, the chopped-beam irradiation method is expected to cause less damage to surrounding tissues. These findings indicate that photothermal therapy with graphene oxide, chopped, and continuous laser irradiation can potently treat HeLa cancer cells and pave the way for further exploration of targeted cancer treatments.

PMID:39870908 | DOI:10.1007/s10103-025-04311-3

Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2025 Dec;21(1):2440206. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2440206. Epub 2025 Jan 27.

ABSTRACT

Influenza accounts for 30% of the total morbidity and mortality in the European Union. However, the specific burden in different European countries is largely unknown, and more research is needed to ascertain the reality of this disease. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the burdens of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality in Spain over five seasons (2015-2020) via publicly available Minimum Basic Datasets (MDBS). The data revealed that influenza had a major impact in Spain, with approximately 29,000 hospitalizations, 2,200 ICU admissions, and 1,600 deaths each season. In this period, approximately 7.8% of those hospitalized required ICU admission, and 5.7% died in the hospital due to influenza, with wide differences in these parameters depending on the season due to the virological characteristics of the major circulating viruses. More than 60% of those hospitalized were over 65 years of age, and approximately 82% of those who died were elderly, demonstrating that the greatest burden of hospitalization and mortality is centered on this age group. The annual direct cost of influenza was approximately €128 million per season, with more than 80% of this cost centered on people over 45 years of age.

PMID:39869931 | DOI:10.1080/21645515.2024.2440206

Chaos. 2025 Jan 1;35(1):013155. doi: 10.1063/5.0240447.

ABSTRACT

The differential equations involving two discrete delays are helpful in modeling two different processes in one model. We provide the stability and bifurcation analysis in the fractional order delay differential equation Dαx(t)=ax(t)+bx(t-τ)-bx(t-2τ) in the ab-plane. Various regions of stability include stable, unstable, single stable region (SSR), and stability switch (SS). In the stable region, the system is stable for all the delay values. The region SSR has a critical value of delay that bifurcates the stable and unstable behavior. Switching of stable and unstable behaviors is observed in the SS region.

PMID:39869928 | DOI:10.1063/5.0240447

Chaos. 2025 Jan 1;35(1):013152. doi: 10.1063/5.0231457.

ABSTRACT

Synaptic plasticity plays a fundamental role in neuronal dynamics, governing how connections between neurons evolve in response to experience. In this study, we extend a network model of θ-neuron oscillators to include a realistic form of adaptive plasticity. In place of the less tractable spike-timing-dependent plasticity, we employ recently validated phase-difference-dependent plasticity rules, which adjust coupling strengths based on the relative phases of θ-neuron oscillators. We explore two distinct implementations of this plasticity: pairwise updates to individual coupling strengths and global updates applied to the mean coupling strength. We derive a mean-field approximation and assess its accuracy by comparing it to θ-neuron simulations across various stability regimes. The synchrony of the system is quantified using the Kuramoto order parameter. Through bifurcation analysis and the calculation of maximal Lyapunov exponents, we uncover interesting phenomena such as bistability and chaotic dynamics via period-doubling and boundary crisis bifurcations. These behaviors emerge as a direct result of adaptive coupling and are absent in systems without such plasticity.

PMID:39869927 | DOI:10.1063/5.0231457