Tag: nevin manimala

Plast Reconstr Surg. 2025 May 28. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000012226. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Smoking’s impact on tissue perfusion and wound healing is particularly relevant in rhinoplasty, where precise tissue healing is crucial for functional and aesthetic outcomes. While the nasal region’s robust vascular supply mitigates smoking’s detrimental effects, concerns remain about postoperative complications. This study investigates whether smoking should be contraindicated for rhinoplasty by comparing infection and revision rates between smokers and nonsmokers.

METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on 1884 rhinoplasty cases from 2014 to 2022. Patients were categorized as active smokers, former smokers, or nonsmokers. Only patients with at least 12 months of follow-up were included. All procedures were open rhinoplasties conducted under general anesthesia. Primary outcomes analyzed included infection and revision rates. Between group statistical comparisons were performed.

RESULTS: 1884 patients consisted of 80 active smokers, 39 former smokers, and 1765 nonsmokers. Average follow-up was 23.8 months. The overall revision rate was 3.3%, with 3.8% in smokers and 3.3% in nonsmokers. 3.8% of smokers required additional antibiotics for cellulitis compared to 1.6% of nonsmokers; all cases resolved without long-term complications. There were no significant differences between smoker and nonsmoker rhinoplasty patients in rates of revision, postoperative infection, or wound complications.

CONCLUSIONS: Active smoking does not appear to be a strict contraindication for rhinoplasty. Smoker and nonsmoker primary and revision rhinoplasty patients exhibited similar revision, postoperative infection, and wound complications rates. This suggests that, with proper perioperative optimization, rhinoplasty can be safely performed in smokers. While smoking cessation should still be recommended, it may not be mandatory for satisfactory outcomes.

PMID:40489744 | DOI:10.1097/PRS.0000000000012226

Health Syst Reform. 2025 Dec 31;11(1):2510769. doi: 10.1080/23288604.2025.2510769. Epub 2025 Jun 9.

ABSTRACT

The Venezuelan humanitarian crisis has led to the displacement of over 7.7 million migrants, with Colombia hosting around one-third. Colombia has been praised for its progressive policies for Venezuelan migrant integration, and the government’s Estatuto Temporal de Protección para Migrantes Venezolanos (ETPMV), introduced in February 2021, provides one of the region’s most comprehensive regularization policies, permitting 10 years of residency and access to social protection services, including health insurance. We assessed the impact of the ETPMV on self-reported health insurance enrollment and formal healthcare utilization using two telephone surveys with 4,423 female Venezuelan migrants in 2020 and 2023. We used a difference-in-differences methodological approach, accounting for differences in levels of migrant health system integration across municipalities measured by a municipal enrollment index derived from secondary data. We find that the ETPMV significantly increases health insurance enrollment for female Venezuelan migrants and that while uninsured individuals experience a significant decline in healthcare utilization from 2020 to 2023, insured individuals experience no significant change. Additionally, the effect of insurance varies by municipal enrollment index, with greater impacts of insurance in areas with lower levels of regularization and health insurance enrollment. These results highlight the success of ETPMV in enhancing access to healthcare for Venezuelan migrants, with insurance enrollment providing a protective effect against declines in healthcare utilization compared to uninsured individuals. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive regularization policies to address migrant health needs, while emphasizing the importance of continued efforts toward integration.

PMID:40489735 | DOI:10.1080/23288604.2025.2510769

Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025 Jun 6. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000003012. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The safety and therapeutic efficiency of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors in combination with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) for patients with unresectable/advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) require further investigation. This meta-analysis aimed to thoroughly investigate the safety and efficacy of this triple combination therapy based on currently available research. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, VIP, Wan Fang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched. Outcomes included complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease, overall survival, progression-free survival, and treatment/laboratory-related adverse events. Stata15.1 software was used for random/fixed-effect model analysis. Ten studies with 1108 patients were incorporated in the analysis. For efficacy, the triple combination therapy achieved an improved CR rate [relative risk (RR): 2.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43-5.33] and PR rate (RR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.01-2.86) than the control group. Moreover, the triple combination therapy decreased the 44% risk of death [hazard ratio (HR): 0.56, 95% CI: 0.46-0.67] and 37% risk of disease progression (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.53-0.75) compared with the control group. The triple combination therapy group and the control group did not exhibit a statistical difference in treatment- or laboratory-related adverse events. In the management of unresectable/advanced HCC, HAIC in conjunction with PD-1 inhibitors and TKI exhibits both safety and efficacy, providing a scientific basis for clinical practice.

PMID:40489219 | DOI:10.1097/MEG.0000000000003012

ACS Chem Neurosci. 2025 Jun 9. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00254. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

ALS is a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor neuron degeneration, gut dysbiosis, immune dysregulation, and metabolic disturbances. In this study, shotgun metagenomics and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics were employed to investigate the altered gut microbiome and metabolite profiles in individuals with ALS, household controls (HCs), and nonhousehold controls (NHCs). The principal component analysis (PCA) explained 33% of the variance, and the partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model demonstrate R² and Q² values of 0.97 and 0.84, respectively, indicating an adequate model fit. The relative bacterial abundance was 99.34% in the ALS group and 98.94% in the HC group. Among the ten identified genera, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus were more prevalent in ALS individuals, while Lactiplantibacillus and Klebsiella were more abundant in the HC group. We identified 70 metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), carbohydrates, and aromatic compounds, using NMR. Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (O-PLS-DA) explained 15.8% of the variance, with a clear separation between the ALS and HC groups. Univariate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified three fecal metabolites with AUC values above 0.70, including butyrate (0.798), propionate (0.727), and citrate (0.719). These metabolites may serve as potential biomarkers for ALS. The statistical model for metabolic pathway analysis revealed interconnected pathways, highlighting the complexity of metabolic dysregulation, as well as potential microbial and metabolic biomarkers in ALS. These results highlight the role of gut microbiome alterations in ALS and suggest potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.

PMID:40489211 | DOI:10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00254

Can J Exp Psychol. 2025 Jun 9. doi: 10.1037/cep0000381. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Psychological science is hard. This short article focuses on two issues. One has to do with the importance of understanding statistical power and how post hoc data explorations and selective reporting can lead to exaggerated estimates of the size of effects and the strength of relationships (which in turn contribute to replication failures). The other topic is tools research psychologists can use to improve the reproducibility of their procedures and analyses. The article closes with a comment on the deeper challenge of improving the usefulness and testability of theories in psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:40489205 | DOI:10.1037/cep0000381

Fam Syst Health. 2025 Jun 9. doi: 10.1037/fsh0000998. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: As demand for integrated behavioral health services grows, understanding specialized training programs’ contribution to workforce development becomes crucial. This study examines the career trajectories of graduates from a primary care psychology internship program in Puerto Rico to inform integrated care workforce strategies.

METHOD: We analyzed data from an annual program survey conducted between March and June 2024 with 62 graduates (71% response rate) from a primary care psychology internship program (2007-2023 cohorts). The survey captured professional credentials, employment characteristics, and service patterns. Hispanic women comprised 85.5% (n = 53) of participants, who represented consecutive cohorts over 15 years. We analyzed descriptive statistics for licensure status, employment settings, leadership roles, and the population served.

RESULTS: Most graduates (72.6%, n = 45) obtained psychology licensure. While 32.3% (n = 20) completed postdoctoral training, most entered practice directly. Currently, 41.9% (n = 26) work in primary care settings, and 51.6% (n = 32) in integrated care environments. Half of the sample (50.0%, n = 31) hold leadership positions. Most (61.3%, n = 38) work with underserved populations, with 46.8% (n = 29) working with people who experience substance use disorders.

DISCUSSION: The findings suggest that program graduates are engaged in roles within integrated care and underserved areas. However, structural barriers, including limited postdoctoral opportunities and regional economic factors, influence career development paths. This study highlights the need to systematically examine the career trajectories of integrated care internship graduates while considering the contextual factors that shape workforce development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:40489186 | DOI:10.1037/fsh0000998

Psychol Bull. 2025 May;151(5):600-667. doi: 10.1037/bul0000465.

ABSTRACT

The scientific output generated in psychology has surged in recent decades, including the number of studies investigating psychological treatments. To keep track of all this evidence, we developed the “Metapsy” meta-analytic research domain: a comprehensive system of open databases and tailored software that allows for rapid evidence generation. We leverage this novel infrastructure to summarize the effect of psychological treatment across 12 mental health problems and trace back the global expansion of psychotherapy research over the past 50 years. Including 1,029 studies with 85,952 patients, our results indicate small to moderate average benefits in treating psychosis (g = 0.32), suicidal ideation (g = 0.34), borderline personality disorder (g = 0.46), and prolonged grief (g = 0.49). In contrast, psychological interventions have large average effects on depression (g = 0.73), problem gambling (g = 0.80), panic (g = 0.83), generalized anxiety (g = 0.86), social anxiety (g = 0.95), obsessive-compulsive (g = 1.18), posttraumatic stress disorder (g = 1.18), and phobias (g = 1.25). Most available evidence (83.4%-86.1%) comes from high-income and Western countries, but their dominance is declining. We found no indication that psychotherapy is less effective in low- and middle-income countries (g = 0.38-2.41) or non-Western cultures (g = 0.74-2.20). We discuss ways to further enhance psychotherapy’s public health impact, as well as how the meta-analytic research domain concept may be extended to other types of psychological research in the future. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:40489181 | DOI:10.1037/bul0000465

Psychol Assess. 2025 Jun 9. doi: 10.1037/pas0001401. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental disorder that onsets during adolescence. Research examining sociocontextual differences in BPD presentation is limited and provides mixed results, highlighting the importance of further investigation and the evaluation of potential measure effects. This study assessed measurement invariance of two widely used adolescent measures (self-report-the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children and semistructured interview-Childhood Interview of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Borderline Personality Disorder) of BPD. Comparisons across inpatient psychiatric settings (n = 521 at a private inpatient; n = 378 at a public inpatient) and across self-identified Hispanic/Latinx (n = 193), Black (n = 132), and White (n = 584) adolescents were conducted. Baseline models revealed inadequate model fit for a single-factor structure, requiring modifications to the intended structure of these measures. With these modifications, results identified partial scalar invariance across settings and racial/ethnic groups for both measures and full measurement invariance for the modified CI-BPD across settings. This study is the first to test whether these measures of BPD function differently based on an indicator of socioeconomic functioning and across racial/ethnic groups among inpatient adolescents. Results suggest that modifications to these measures should be explored further, which are discussed with the goal of achieving measures that can accurately assess and compare BPD severity in adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

PMID:40489150 | DOI:10.1037/pas0001401

Small. 2025 Jun 9:e2505051. doi: 10.1002/smll.202505051. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Traditional characterization techniques for vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) electrodes demonstrate significant limitations in resolving spatially heterogeneous reaction characteristics on electrode surfaces and efficiently characterizing large-scale working electrodes. Consequently, mapping electrode activity distributions and establishing efficient screening strategies for high-performance electrodes are critical for advancing VFBs research. Building on prior studies, this work employs weak measurement imaging (WMi) methodology to spatially characterize reaction activity distributions on VFBs positive electrode surfaces and quantitatively analyze electrode reaction parameters (i_pa and i_pc). By statistically comparing extensive electrochemical data from working electrodes (randomly sampled from large graphite felt substrates and tested via electrochemical workstation, EW) with WMi-derived data from individual electrodes, a pronounced linear correlation between oxidation and reduction peak current densities (i_pa and i_pc) in VFBs working electrodes is identified. Systematic investigations of graphite felt (GF) and thermally activated graphite felt (TGF) electrodes under varied operational conditions confirmed this statistical relationship between i_pa and i_pc while validating the reliability of the WMi sensing system. This findings demonstrate that the WMi sensing system serves as a robust and versatile analytical tool for quantitatively characterizing electrode performance parameters. This approach facilitates efficient screening of high-performance VFBs working electrodes, thereby accelerating the development of flow battery technologies.

PMID:40489124 | DOI:10.1002/smll.202505051

JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Jun 2;8(6):e2513826. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.13826.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Dental caries is a pervasive and inequitable chronic disease stemming from a lack of access to preventive and therapeutic care. Minimally invasive interventions may be provided in schools to treat caries in children.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) with atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) in the control of dental caries among US schoolchildren.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The CariedAway study was a cluster randomized clinical trial conducted from February 1, 2019, to June 1, 2023, in 48 primary schools in New York City. Participants were followed up for up to 4 years. Schools with a student population of at least 50% Black and/or Hispanic or Latino students and 80% receiving free or reduced-cost lunch were eligible. Within enrolled schools, any child with parental informed consent was eligible. Treatment was provided biannually. Analysis was restricted to children aged 5 to 13 years who completed at least 1 follow-up observation and had at least 1 tooth surface with dental caries.

INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized at the school level to receive SDF or ART.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Any surface lesion with an International Caries Detection and Assessment System score of 5 or 6 was recorded as caries. The primary outcome was the number of carious surfaces that had a recurrence of caries. Analysis was performed on an intent-to-treat basis.

RESULTS: Of the 17 741 children eligible, 7418 were randomized (mean [SD] age at baseline, 7.6 [1.9] years; 4006 girls [54.0%]), and 1668 were analyzed (mean [SD] age at baseline, 6.8 [1.5] years; 881 girls [52.8%]; 861 in the SDF group and 807 in the ART group). The total surface-level failure in the SDF group was 38.3% (2167 of 5651 carious surfaces) compared with 45.5% (2116 of 4647) in the ART group. There were 2167 surface failures observed among SDF participants over 1372 person-years compared with 2116 ART surface failures over 1291 person-years (incidence rate ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.91-1.02]). At the person level, 45.5% of SDF recipients (392 of 861) experienced at least 1 surface failure compared with 53.3% of ART recipients (430 of 807; odds ratio, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.39-0.66]). There were no significant differences in the risk of recurrent surface failure between treatments (hazard ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.82-1.04]).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study of treatments for caries, similar failures in surface control were observed among children receiving SDF or ART. These results support the use of secondary preventive therapies for caries in schools.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03442309.

PMID:40489112 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.13826