Tag: pubmed

Health Promot Int. 2026 Mar 2;41(2):daag025. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daag025.

ABSTRACT

Promoting environmentally sustainable diets for children is crucial for human and planetary health now and for future generations. Much research has examined parents’ roles in shaping children’s dietary behaviours from a nutrition viewpoint, but there is little evidence regarding whether and how parents consider environmental sustainability in feeding their children. This study primarily aimed to understand parental perceptions, current practices, motivation, and self-efficacy regarding environmentally sustainable diets for children. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Australian parents of children aged 2-8 years (n = 316), recruited via social media and a university website. The survey included closed-ended and open-ended questions, with quantitative data analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, while thematic analysis was applied to open-ended responses. Australian parents’ perceptions aligned with many aspects of environmentally sustainable diets, with the majority highlighting that providing local and seasonal foods aligns with such a diet. Most parents were already engaging in multiple sustainable food provisioning and purchasing behaviours (60%-90%), such as providing fruit and vegetables in season (95%) and avoiding buying food without knowing how it will be used (90%). Although fewer parents engaged in behaviours such as providing fruits and/or vegetables from a home or community garden (60%) and actively searching for products in degradable, compostable, or recyclable packaging (65%), there was high motivation and self-efficacy to adopt them. Understanding perceived enablers and barriers to parents providing children with sustainable diets is an important next step in designing interventions to support parents in providing healthy and sustainable diets for their children.

PMID:41782177 | DOI:10.1093/heapro/daag025

J Am Chem Soc. 2026 Mar 4. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5c21756. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Synthesis at extreme conditions enables access to nitrogen-rich carbon-nitrogen anions that cannot be obtained at ambient conditions. Here, through a direct reaction between Eu(N₃)₂ and EuC₂ with Fe in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell (DAC) at 50(3) GPa, we synthesized the first inorganic hydrogen-free pyronitridocarbonate, Eu₄Fe_x(C₂N₅)₂, x = 0.864(6), featuring novel highly charged [C₂N₅]^7- anions, along with the first stoichiometric oxygen-free rare-earth metal guanidinate Eu₅(CN₃)₃. The crystal structures of both compounds were determined via synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) and fully corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Eu₄Fe_x(C₂N₅)₂ was found to be recoverable at pressures close to ambient. Keeping the sample at ambient conditions for 1 day leads to splitting of half of the [C₂N₅]^7- units in Eu₄Fe_x(C₂N₅)₂ into the guanidinate [CN₃]^5- and carbodiimide [CN₂]^2- anions. The statistical analysis of the multigrain SCXRD data and DFT-based electronic structure analysis well defined the chemical nature of the bonding in [C₂N₅]^7- and [CN₃]^5- anions. This study provides a clear synthetic pathway to a new class of inorganic nitridocarbonates.

PMID:41782174 | DOI:10.1021/jacs.5c21756

Aust Endod J. 2026 Mar 4. doi: 10.1111/aej.70070. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This in vitro study investigated the antibiofilm efficacy of calcium silicate-based, Simvastatin, Levofloxacin and calcium hydroxide intracanal medicaments against mature Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Ninety dentine specimens were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis biofilm for three weeks and divided into five groups (n = 18): (1) calcium silicate-based; (2) Simvastatin; (3) Levofloxacin; (4) calcium hydroxide (CH); (5) positive control, no medicament. After two weeks of intracanal medicament application, live/dead bacterial cells were assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results revealed a statistically significant difference in the percentage of dead bacteria of the four tested groups compared to the positive control group (H = 30.45, p < 0.001). The calcium silicate-based group recorded the highest median (IQR) percentage of dead bacteria at 56.33 (10.03), followed by Simvastatin 44.88 (7.30), CH 41.70 (12.53), Levofloxacin 35.99 (3.78), and the positive control group 3.61 (1.01). These findings suggest that these intracanal medicaments demonstrate promising antibiofilm activity, with further investigations needed.

PMID:41782171 | DOI:10.1111/aej.70070

Trop Med Health. 2026 Mar 4. doi: 10.1186/s41182-026-00924-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Enteric infections are a leading cause of preventable mortality in children under five, primarily driven by diarrheal diseases and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS). Despite global progress, substantial disparities persist in low- and middle-income countries, fueled by inadequate water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH), and malnutrition.

METHODS: This study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of enteric infections in children under five across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021. The analysis included incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), stratified by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Bayesian meta-regression tools, such as DisMod-MR, were employed for data harmonization. Descriptive statistics, Joinpoint regression, and Spearman’s correlation were used to assess trends and associations between SDI and disease burden.

RESULTS: In 2021, enteric infections caused 60,157.3 cases and 63.4 deaths per 100,000 children under five globally, reflecting a 68.6% and 77.7% decline since 1990, respectively. Low-SDI regions bore the highest burden, with mortality rates 166-fold higher than high-SDI regions. Diarrheal diseases accounted for 81.6% of deaths, while iNTS incidence increased in certain areas. Geographically, sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia were hotspots. Neonates had the highest incidence, with male mortality consistently exceeding females. Unsafe water, poor sanitation, and malnutrition contributed to 82.3% of attributable DALYs.

CONCLUSION: Enteric infections remain a critical threat to child survival. Achieving global health goals requires decisive, multisectoral interventions to address the root causes of these persistent and glaring inequities.

PMID:41782162 | DOI:10.1186/s41182-026-00924-8

BMC Public Health. 2026 Mar 4. doi: 10.1186/s12889-026-26897-1. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41782123 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-026-26897-1

BMC Infect Dis. 2026 Mar 4. doi: 10.1186/s12879-026-12994-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV) causes transient infections of the cervix, hence other co-factors can potentiate the formation of cervical epithelial cell abnormalities. This study was aimed at determining the seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women with normal and abnormal Papanicolaou smear cytology results.

METHODS: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional comparative study in which study participants were conveniently recruited from January to June,2021. The 50 cases and 50 controls were women with abnormal and normal Papanicolaou smear cytology results respectively. Both groups had blood samples collected for anti- Chlamydia trachomatis antibody test. The data was analyzed with the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (IBM SPSS, Armonk, New York, USA) version 24.0 for windows. The categorical and continuous variables were analyzed with chi square(X²) and Student’s t tests respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associated factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection among the respondents. P-value < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.

RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection was 27%. Positive Chlamydia infection had a significant association with cervical epithelial cell abnormalities (P- value = 0.001). Positive history of multiple sexual partners and coitarche at age of < 18 years were associated factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

CONCLUSION: This study identified an association between history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and cervical epithelial cell abnormalities.

PMID:41782106 | DOI:10.1186/s12879-026-12994-4

BMC Public Health. 2026 Mar 5. doi: 10.1186/s12889-026-26882-8. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41782101 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-026-26882-8

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2026 Mar 4. doi: 10.1186/s12884-026-08813-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lactation mastitis is a common complication during breastfeeding that can negatively impact maternal well-being and breastfeeding continuation. While the physical manifestations of lactation mastitis have been widely studied, its psychological burden and related contributing factors among affected women have received comparatively less attention. This study aimed to investigate postpartum depressive symptoms and associated factors in women diagnosed with lactation mastitis.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 87 women with lactation mastitis at a tertiary hospital in China. Participants completed a structured questionnaire encompassing five domains: demographics and perinatal history, personal and breast history, psychological and emotional state, breastfeeding practices and nipple condition, and infant characteristics and interaction. Postpartum depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Descriptive statistics, group comparisons, multivariable logistic regression, and sensitivity analyses were used to identify factors associated with elevated EPDS scores.

RESULTS: Overall, 49.4% of participants scored above the clinical threshold for postpartum depressive symptoms on the EPDS. Multivariable logistic regression identified emotional tension during breastfeeding (odds ratio[OR] = 6.807, P = 0.016), younger maternal age (OR = 0.794, P = 0.023), vaginal delivery (OR = 3.382, P = 0.032), and pacifier use (OR = 5.103, P = 0.006) as independent correlates of elevated depressive symptoms. These associations remained robust across sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS: Women with lactation mastitis appear to be at heightened risk of postpartum depressive symptoms and are associated with both maternal and infant-related factors. Early identification of psychological distress, combined with integrated breastfeeding and mental health support, may help address maternal needs and enhance postpartum care.

PMID:41782099 | DOI:10.1186/s12884-026-08813-y

BMC Pediatr. 2026 Mar 5. doi: 10.1186/s12887-026-06688-8. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41782098 | DOI:10.1186/s12887-026-06688-8

Eur J Med Res. 2026 Mar 4. doi: 10.1186/s40001-026-04099-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Laser therapies are commonly employed for their effectiveness in reducing pigmentation, yet the comparative efficacy and safety profile of novel picosecond lasers against established gold-standard treatments warrant further investigation. This study aimed to directly compare 730-nm picosecond laser therapy with 532-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser therapy, the traditional mainstay for managing facial pigmented disorders.

METHODS: This retrospective comparative study at a tertiary hospital in China enrolled 131 adults (18-70 years) with facial pigmentation disorders. The participants were categorized into two groups: 85 received a 730-nm picosecond laser and 46 received a 532-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Treatment outcomes were compared via appropriate statistical analyses, including Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and multivariate regression analyses.

RESULTS: The 730-nm picosecond laser group demonstrated significantly superior outcomes compared to the 532-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG group, with a greater reduction in posttreatment pigmentation scores (2.55 ± 1.11 vs. 3.82 ± 1.45, p < 0.001) and a greater improvement rate (56% ± 10% vs. 38% ± 9%, p < 0.001). The picosecond group also reported fewer side effects (0.99 ± 0.59 vs. 2.25 ± 0.78, p < 0.001), greater patient satisfaction (7.96 ± 0.95 vs. 7.15 ± 1.52, p < 0.001), and superior dermatological outcomes, including lower erythema indices and higher elasticity scores. Multivariate analysis confirmed that picosecond laser treatment was the strongest independent predictor of treatment success (Adjusted OR = 4.85, 95% CI 2.51-9.38, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Compared with 532-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, 730-nm picosecond laser therapy is more effective and safer for treating facial pigmentation disorders. It achieves greater clinical improvement, enhanced patient satisfaction, and superior skin quality outcomes with fewer adverse effects, supporting its preferential use in clinical practice.

PMID:41782066 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-026-04099-0