Tag: pubmed

Am J Dent. 2025 Feb;39(1):47-52.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of different infection control barriers used with light curing units (LCU) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of glass ceramics with various translucencies and thicknesses during adhesive cementation.

METHODS: 60 extracted molar teeth cut in halves mesio-distally to obtain 120 enamel surfaces. Lithium disilicate blocks (GC, Initial Lisi Blocks); 30 High Translucency (HT) 0.5 mm, 30 Low Translucency (LT) 0.5 mm, 30 HT 1.0 mm, 30 LT 1.0 mm discs with 3 mm diameter were produced (n=120). Samples were categorized into three groups according to the infection control barriers (n=40): 1-LCU without barrier, 2-Disposable barrier on LCU (Pinnacle Cure Sleeve), 3-LCU wrapped with stretch film. The SBS test was performed after thermocycling. Failure modes were determined at x20 and classified and statistically analyzed (P< 0.05).

RESULTS: Differences between all the groups were significant (P< 0.001). The highest SBS values were obtained as HT LCU 0.5 mm, LT LCU 0.5 mm, HT Sleeve 0.5 mm and LT Sleeve 0.5 mm, respectively. Highest SBS values were seen in HT LCU 0.5 mm (16.51± 0.68), while LT 1.0 mm stretch (10.76± 1.37) showed the lowest values. Mostly mixed failures occurred in the 0.5 mm sample groups showing higher SBS values.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: While the application of a sleeve on a LCU may slightly reduce the shear bond strength values of glass ceramics, it can still be beneficial for the cementation of these materials as it helps prevent cross-infection.

PMID:41785028

Am J Dent. 2026 Feb;39(1):31-36.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the influence of the resin-based substrate shade and the single-shade resin composite thickness on color matching ability.

METHODS: Discs (Ø6 x 2 mm) made from a conventional resin composite (Z350 XT) simulated high- (B1B), medium- (A3B), and low-luminosity (C3B) substrates. Each disc (n=10) received sequential increments of the following single-shade resin composites: Palfique Omnichroma (PO) or Vittra APS Unique (VU), at thicknesses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mm. Color parameters [CIEL*a*b*, Vita Scale (SGU), ΔEab, and ΔE₀₀] were determined for conventional resin composite and post-application measurement of single-shade resin composite thicknesses. Statistical analyses included the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Friedman, or Nemenyi tests (α= 0.05).

RESULTS: The ΔEab and ΔE₀₀ values were significantly lower for PO than for VU (P< 0.05). At 1 mm, a decrease in L* values were observed for both resin composites and substrates (P< 0.05). The lowest ΔSGU values were recorded on the high-luminosity substrate (B1B), regardless of the applied thickness (P< 0.05).

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Single-shade resin composites did not completely match the resin substrate. Palfique Omnichroma outperformed Vittra APS Unique in all aspects, particularly in showing less overall color change, and especially when applied over high-luminosity resin substrates.

PMID:41785026

Am J Dent. 2026 Feb;39(1):21-24.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of acute periapical abscesses (PAs) in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).

METHODS: Integrated data of hospital patients was used. Data from the corresponding diagnosis codes for Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis (UC), and PAs were analyzed by querying the appropriate ICD-10 codes in the database.

RESULTS: Out of 7,455 Crohn’s patients, 121 were affected with acute PAs. Out of 7,352 UC patients, 115 were affected with acute PAs. In both diseases, females were more affected than males, and whites were more affected than African Americans and other ethnicities. The odds ratio (OR) for acute PAs in patients with Crohn’s disease was 2.69. The OR for acute PAs in patients with UC was 2.51. The difference in prevalence compared to the total hospital patient population was statistically significant (P< 0.0001). In Crohn’s patients, after adjustment for smoking and diabetes co-morbidities, the OR for acute PAs was 1.51 and 2.08, respectively. The difference in prevalence as compared to the total hospital patient population was statistically significant (P< 0.001) and (P< 0.0001), respectively. In UC patients, after adjustment for smoking and diabetes co-morbidities, the OR for acute PAs was 1.44 and 1.46, respectively. The difference in prevalence as compared to the total hospital patient population was statistically significant (P< 0.005).

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Clinicians should be cognizant of the possible higher prevalence of periapical abscesses in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.

PMID:41785024

Am J Dent. 2026 Feb;39(1):2-7.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the laboratory effects of different whitening toothpastes on resin composite with respect to color change and surface roughness.

METHODS: A total of 50 disc-shaped specimens were prepared from a microhybrid composite (Zenchrom). The samples were randomly divided into five groups for the application of four different whitening toothpastes (Opalescence Whitening Toothpaste, Rocs Sensation Whitening, Luis Bien Active Carbon Toothpaste and Sparkly White Herbal Toothpaste) and one non-whitening toothpaste (Signal Anti-Caries Toothpaste) (n=10). For staining, the samples were kept in coffee solution. Then, all samples were brushed 5,000 strokes with a toothbrush device to simulate a 6-month brushing period. Color measurements of the specimens after staining and brushing were performed using a spectrophotometer. Surface roughness measurements were performed using a mechanical profilometer. The Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for the statistical analysis of the data (P< 0.05).

RESULTS: Following the brushing procedures, a significant increase in surface roughness was observed in all the samples (P< 0.05). When the roughness values were compared between the groups after 6 months of brushing, a statistically significant increase in surface roughness was observed with Signal Anti-Caries Toothpaste compared to Luis Bien and Opalescence (P< 0.05). In the evaluations of the color changes, all the toothpastes had whitening effects, but no statistically significant difference was detected between the toothpastes with respect to whitening performance (P> 0.05).

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Whitening toothpastes may lighten the color of the resin composite tested, but they can also increase surface roughness. Therefore, dentists should guide patients in selecting appropriate toothpaste products.

PMID:41785021

Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2026 Mar 5. doi: 10.1002/acn3.70360. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE) tracks disease severity in autoimmune encephalitis (AE), but no threshold for significant change exists. We aimed to determine the minimally clinically important difference (MCID) for CASE. Using our AE cohort, receiver operating characteristic analyses were anchored to ≥ 1-point improvement in mRS over 3-month intervals. Among 222 AE patients (77 NMDAR, 49 LGI1, and 113 seronegative AE), a 30% CASE reduction showed good discriminatory performance for mRS improvement in the first 6 months, particularly in NMDAR and seronegative subgroups. A 30% CASE reduction may standardize AE response definitions.

PMID:41784996 | DOI:10.1002/acn3.70360

Bone Jt Open. 2026 Mar 5;7(3):291-302. doi: 10.1302/2633-1462.73.BJO-2025-0382.R1.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a widely performed procedure, yet the clinical and functional outcomes of soft-tissue autografts compared with allografts remain unclear. While previous studies have focused on surgical techniques and failure rates, few have systematically analyzed functional outcomes following ACLR. This study aimed to assess medium-term functional patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as the primary outcome and clinical outcomes as the secondary outcome following ACLR.

METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines and was pre-registered on the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Embase, was conducted up to June 2024. Eligible studies included skeletally mature patients undergoing primary ACLR, with reported clinical and functional outcomes at minimum 24 months. Data were analyzed using random-effects models to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs).

RESULTS: Of 5,292 studies screened, 12 were included, encompassing 1,038 patients. Of the functional scores, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) outcomes (n = 930; SMD = 0.27; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.39; p < 0.001) and Tegner activity scores (n = 646; SMD = 0.18; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.34; p = 0.021) significantly favoured autografts, with Lysholm scores (n = 643; SMD = 0.14; 95% CI -0.02 to 0.29; p = 0.078) showing no significant differences between graft types. For clinical outcomes, Lachmann’s grades significantly favoured allografts (n = 346; SMD = -0.56; 95% CI -1.09 to -0.03; p = 0.037). Revision rates and graft re-tear rates did not differ significantly between graft types.

CONCLUSION: The study found that autografts and allografts yield variable functional and clinical outcomes in ACLR at minimum 24-month follow-up, with autografts showing modest yet statistically significant advantage in IKDC and Tegner activity scores, but not in Lysholm functional score at and beyond 24 months. However, Lachmann’s scores suggested better stability with allografts.

PMID:41784990 | DOI:10.1302/2633-1462.73.BJO-2025-0382.R1

JAMA. 2026 Mar 5. doi: 10.1001/jama.2026.0191. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41784970 | DOI:10.1001/jama.2026.0191

JAMA Netw Open. 2026 Mar 2;9(3):e260623. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.0623.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41784965 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.0623

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2026 Mar 5. doi: 10.1007/s40368-026-01187-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and investigate whether residual yellow-brown enamel opacities coexisting on the same tooth surface as clinically advanced MIH lesions are associated with severe clinical outcomes, including post-eruptive breakdown, atypical restorations, and atypical caries lesions.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study examined 680 schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years from Bauru, Brazil, for MIH. Two trained and calibrated examiners performed the assessments using a modified version of the extended MIH index (MIH_e), which allows the simultaneous recording of multiple clinical features on the same tooth surface. Examinations were conducted under artificial lighting using school chairs, a mouth mirror, and a WHO probe. Descriptive statistics were used to report MIH prevalence and characteristics. Chi-square tests evaluated the association between the colour of residual demarcated opacities and the presence of post-eruptive breakdown, atypical restorations, and atypical caries lesions. The statistical significance level was 5%.

RESULTS: MIH was detected in 24.8% of the participants. The most frequently observed feature was yellow-brown demarcated opacity (45.5%), followed by white-creamy opacity (35.1%), post-eruptive breakdown (9.2%), atypical restorations (5.9%), and atypical caries lesions (5.3%). A statistically significant association (p < 0.05) was found between the colour of opacities and the presence of severe clinical outcomes, with yellow-brown opacities more commonly associated with them.

CONCLUSION: MIH prevalence in Bauru was high (24.7%). Yellow-brown residual opacities were statistically significantly associated with clinical severity, reinforcing their usefulness as indicators of more advanced MIH.

PMID:41784923 | DOI:10.1007/s40368-026-01187-x

Sports Med. 2026 Mar 5. doi: 10.1007/s40279-026-02403-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides the estimated lactate threshold (θ_LT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) through visual identification of multivariate gas exchange and ventilatory profiles. Artificial intelligence tools, such as deep neural networks, can learn, replicate, and classify these patterns and potentially aid in θ_LT and RCP identification, removing the subjectivity of threshold detection. This study evaluated a set of deep learning models (Oxynet) pre-trained with more than 1200 CPET files and tested its performance against visual inspection of experts.

METHODS: Evaluation included three phases: In phase I, 50 simulated ventilatory and gas exchange CPET files were generated, mixed with 50 authentic files, presented sequentially and in randomized order to three independent evaluators, and judged to be real or fake. In phase II, a new set of 50 files were generated, θ_LT and RCP were identified by both Oxynet and the consensus of three experts, and these estimates were compared with known values. In phase III, a subset of 163 CPETs were used to fine-tune Oxynet, and its evaluation of 50 independent authentic ramp CPET files were compared with those of the three experts.

RESULTS: Experts correctly discriminated simulated from authentic data in 44% of cases (phase I). One-way ANOVA revealed no main effect of identified $\dot{V}{\text{O}}_2$ (known vs Oxynet vs human evaluators) for both θ_LT (p = 0.41) and RCP (p = 0.39) with ~ zero effect size for both θ_LT (ω² = 0.00) and RCP (ω² = 0.00) (phase II). Using real ramp-incremental data (phase III), the fine-tuned Oxynet identified the $\dot{V}{\text{O}}_2$ at 1944 ± 401 and 2555 ± 602 mL min^-1 for θ_LT and RCP, respectively. Expert evaluators identified these at 1900 ± 469 and 2581 ± 625 mL min^-1 with mean between-method biases of 45 mL min^-1 (p = 0.087) and – 26 mL min^-1 (p = 0.118).

CONCLUSIONS: Oxynet can be used as an accurate, reliable, and objective tool to identify or aid in the identification of exercise thresholds from gas exchange and ventilatory CPET data in healthy individuals.

PMID:41784915 | DOI:10.1007/s40279-026-02403-w