Tag: pubmed

Environ Monit Assess. 2025 Mar 4;197(4):350. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-13761-9.

ABSTRACT

The present study assesses the seasonal and diurnal variability of PM_2.5 concentrations across different locations in Delhi, emphasizing the role of wind speed and direction. PM_2.5 concentrations were analyzed using descriptive and statistical techniques, including ANOVA, Mann-Kendall trend, and correlation analysis. Data from the CPCB CAAQMS network at five distinct locations-Industrial, Commercial, Residential, Traffic, and Green areas-were examined from 2018-2022. Seasonal variability analysis revealed that PM_2.5 concentrations peaked at 300-350 µg/m³ during the post-monsoon and winter seasons, while lower levels (< 100 µg/m³) were observed during the monsoon. Diurnal patterns exhibited a bimodal distribution, with peaks occurring during the morning (0800-1000 hour) and night (2000 to 2400 hour) time, driven by vehicular emissions, road dust, and wind-blown particles during the day and a stable boundary layer with reduced mixing height at night. Regions with significant industrial and traffic activities experienced 15-25% higher PM_2.5 concentrations than commercial and green areas. The study identified a decreasing trend of approximately 15% in PM_2.5 concentrations from the pre- to post-COVID period. Using correlational and t-test analysis along with the wind rose visualizations, it was revealed that meteorological parameters (wind speed and direction) significantly influence PM_2.5 dispersion. A time lag of 2-4 hour was observed for pollutant transport, depending on the wind speed. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between wind speed and PM_2.5 concentrations (p < 0.0001), highlighting the role of meteorological factors in pollutant dispersion. These findings provide actionable insights into air quality management and mitigation strategies for Delhi’s diverse urban environments.

PMID:40035903 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-025-13761-9

Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2025 Mar 4;29(1):60. doi: 10.1007/s10006-025-01354-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Social media has become an increasingly important tool in how surgeons collaborate with one another, disseminate educational information, and communicate with patients.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between academic productivity and social media (Instagram) presence amongst oral and maxillofacial surgery programs.

STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, SAMPLE: A cross-sectional study was used to identify oral and maxillofacial surgery programs and their respective residency Instagram accounts. Information regarding number of followers, posts, and likes were recorded for each program. Academic productivity metrics for each faculty including H-index, number of publications, and number of citations were recorded.

PREDICTOR/EXPOSURE/INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: The independent variable was the type of residency program: certificate, dual-degree, or combined track.

MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE(S): The main outcome variable was the academic influence quantified by h-index, citations, and publications of the programs and their social media influence quantified by number of followers/posts.

COVARIATES: Instagram posts were categorized into departmental posts, educational, social, professional and miscellaneous. Engagement was further quantified by the number of likes.

ANALYSES: Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s Multiple Comparisons tests, ROUT’s outlier test (Q = 0.1%), and linear regression plots with a P value < 0.05.

RESULTS: Instagram accounts were identified for 65 (73%) of the 89 programs. There was a statistically significant moderately positive correlation between the number of followers for a program’s Instagram account compared with the number of publications (r = 0.5110, P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant weakly positive correlation between the number of followers for a program’s Instagram account compared with average faculty h-index(r = 0.4982, P < 0.001), and number of citations (r = 0.4300, P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant weakly positive correlation between the number of posts for a program’s Instagram account compared with average faculty h-index (r = 0.3438, P < 0.001), number of publications (r = 0.3580, P = 0.001), and number of citations (r = 0.3973, P < 0.001). Across all programs combined, educational posts garnered more likes compared to miscellaneous (P = 0.0129), social (P = 0.0018), departmental (P = 0.0005), and professional posts (P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION/RELEVANCE: There was a moderately positive correlation between average faculty H-index and number of followers for an oral and maxillofacial surgery program’s Instagram account. There was a weak positive correlation between other measures of academic productivity and social media presence. Educational content garnered the most engagement from followers, despite surgery accounts mostly generating departmental focused posts.

PMID:40035893 | DOI:10.1007/s10006-025-01354-2

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2025 Mar 4;51(1):125. doi: 10.1007/s00068-025-02790-1.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We aimed to demonstrate which side should be taken care of when fixating an intramedullary nail with a lag screw for an intertrochanteric fracture under the influence of clockwise torque.

METHODS: From 2021 to 2023, 63 patients who underwent surgery for intertrochanteric fractures were divided into two groups: Group A (45 patients with left-side fractures) and Group B (18 patients with right-side fractures). We evaluated intraoperative images before fixation and postoperative radiographs to assess anteromedial cortical support. Clinically, the time to union and union rate were evaluated, and the complications, reoperation, and Koval score at one year were reviewed.

RESULTS: Pre-fixation reduction quality showed no significant difference between groups. However, in terms of postoperative reduction quality on the lateral view, Group A had the highest incidence of neutral anterior cortical support (ACS) (62%), whereas Group B had the highest incidence of negative ACS (78%) (p < 0.001). Bone union occurred in 98% of Group A cases and 78% of Group B cases (p = 0.021). The mean time to union was shorter in Group A (5.2 months) compared to Group B (5.8 months) (p = 0.004). The mean Koval score was also better in Group A (2.4 vs. 2.0, p = 0.031).

CONCLUSION: When fixating intertrochanteric fractures with an intramedullary nail using a lag screw, right-sided fractures tended to exhibit negative ACS on lateral radiographs by clockwise torque. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to maintaining proper reduction while fixating right-sided intertrochanteric fractures.

PMID:40035879 | DOI:10.1007/s00068-025-02790-1

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2025 Mar 4;151(3):99. doi: 10.1007/s00432-025-06145-6.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the two induction chemotherapy (IC) regimens (TPF: docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, and PF: cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil) combined with radiotherapy in young and middle aged patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC).

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 329 cases with stage III-IVA nasopharyngeal carcinoma from September 2005 to February 2017. Of the 329 cases, 253 cases underwent TPF (docetaxel: 60 mg/m² on day 1, cisplatin: 25 mg/m² on days 1-3, 5-fluorouracil: 500 mg/m² on days 1-5, intravenous 120-h infusion), while 76 cases received the PF regimen (cisplatin: 25 mg/m² on days 1-3, 5-fluorouracil: 500 mg/m² on days 1-5, intravenous 120-h infusion) every 3 weeks. Radiotherapy was administered after IC with or without concurrent chemotherapy. The survival rates were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the survival curves were compared using a log‑rank test.

RESULTS: The 5-year and 8-year overall survival (OS) rates of the PF group and TPF group were 80.1% and 72.1%, 87.3% and 78.4% respectively (p = 0.405). There were no statistical differences in regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates between PF and TPF groups(p = 0.585 and 0.500, respectively).The 5-year and 8-year estimated local recurrence free survival (LRFS) rates for patients in PF and TPF group were 91.1% and 78.0%, 96.2% and 93.7%, respectively (p = 0.026). Moreover, The OS, LRFS, RRFS and DMFS rates were comparable between the non CCRT or CCRT subgroup (p = 0.542, 0.319, 0.070, 0.986, respectively). Compared with PF group, the TPF group significantly increased the occurrence of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and leukopenia (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: PF and TPF followed by radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy performed encouraging anti-tumor effects in LA-NPC, there was no statistical significance in 5-year and 8-year OS, RRFS, and DMFS rates between two chemotherapy regimens. Compared with PF, TPF induction chemotherapy achieved more satisfactory LRFS rate in LA-NPC with acceptable toxicity.

PMID:40035865 | DOI:10.1007/s00432-025-06145-6

Eur J Nutr. 2025 Mar 4;64(3):106. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03627-8.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Assessing the health impacts of nutritional interventions in metabolically compromised but otherwise healthy individuals is challenging, necessitating sensitive tools. Phenotypic flexibility offers an innovative way to measure homeostatic capacity during challenge tests. A composite biomarker of inflammatory resilience has proven useful in evaluating the health benefits of whole-grain wheat interventions in overweight and obese individuals. Expanding this method to other dietary interventions to combat low-grade inflammation is essential.

METHODS: This study investigated the feasibility of a composite biomarker of inflammatory resilience through secondary analysis of samples from two independent energy restriction (ER) trials, Bellyfat (NCT02194504) and Nutritech (NCT01684917). In these trials, fasting and postprandial inflammation was analysed using a variety of markers. Four composite biomarker models were developed on the basis of postprandial inflammatory marker responses via the ‘health space’ model method. These models were statistically evaluated for their sensitivity in detecting the effects of 12 weeks of ER.

RESULTS: The minimal composite biomarkers, consisting of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α, lacked the ability to detect postprandial intervention effects in both ER trials. However, in the Nutritech study, the extended, endothelial, and optimized composite biomarkers of inflammatory resilience displayed significant responses to the ER (all P < 0.005). In the latter 3 models, a reduction in the inflammatory score was correlated with a reduction in BMI and body fat percentage.

CONCLUSION: This study underscores the feasibility of employing a composite biomarker of inflammatory resilience to evaluate ER interventions. Further validation in additional nutritional intervention studies is necessary. Once validated, this composite biomarker could offer a novel approach for assessing low-grade inflammation and phenotypic flexibility.

PMID:40035864 | DOI:10.1007/s00394-025-03627-8

Eur Radiol. 2025 Mar 4. doi: 10.1007/s00330-025-11472-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The diagnostic accuracy of US and MRI for identifying peroneal tendon tears is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of these modalities for the diagnosis of peroneal tendon tears.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies on diagnostic accuracy of MRI or US for peroneus brevis (PB) and/or longus pathology were searched in Scopus, EMBASE, and PubMed. Systematic review was performed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Pooled diagnostic accuracy of MRI and US were calculated by using a bivariate random-effects model.

RESULTS: Twelve studies were included for analysis. Eight studies reported on MRI, three reported on US, and one study included both. Studies were all at a high risk of bias, with only one study satisfying at least two of the four risk-of-bias criteria. Reported accuracy data was heterogeneous for both MRI and US. For PB tear, US showed higher pooled sensitivity than MRI (US: 93%; 95% CI: 75%, 98%; MRI: 73%; 95% CI: 56%, 87%); and similar pooled specificity to MRI (US: 85%; 95% CI: 55%, 96%; MRI: 88%; 95% CI: 70%, 95%) For peroneus longus, US had high pooled sensitivity (94%; 95% CI: 71%, 99%) and specificity (94%; 95% CI: 79%, 98%), whereas MRI was similarly specific (91%; 95% CI: 76%, 97%) but less sensitive (60%; 95% CI: 35%, 85%).

CONCLUSION: US was observed to be sensitive and specific for peroneal tendon tears, while MRI was found to be specific but insensitive. The scarcity of literature addressing this question and the heterogeneity of the results precluded any confident conclusion of the superiority/inferiority of either modality.

KEY POINTS: Question Peroneal tendon tears are a common cause of lateral ankle pain, but the accuracy of MRI and US for identifying these tears is unknown. Finding Pooled data shows US to be both sensitive and specific and MRI to be specific and insensitive for peroneal tendon tears; however, the literature is scarce, at risk of bias, and results are inconsistent. Clinical relevance MRI and US are commonly utilized to assess lateral ankle pain. Though pooled-data suggests that US may be more sensitive, confident conclusion of the diagnostic accuracy of these modalities is limited by the level-of and quality-of the available evidence.

PMID:40035861 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-025-11472-w

Eur J Nutr. 2025 Mar 4;64(3):107. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03630-z.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This observational study examined the relationship between self-reported dietary patterns-omnivore, pescatarian, vegetarian, and vegan-and iron status among Swedish teenage girls. Additionally, we compared the consumption of various food groups in relation to iron status.

METHODS: Data were collected from 475 female high school students in Malmö and Lund, Sweden, using questionnaires on dietary habits, iron supplementation, and demographic factors. Participants were classified into dietary groups: 347 omnivores, 38 pescatarians, 27 non-consumers of red meat, 60 vegetarians and 3 vegans. Blood samples were analysed for ferritin and haemoglobin levels to determine iron status. Iron deficiency was defined as ferritin < 15 µg/L, and anaemia as haemoglobin < 110 g/L if < 19 years and < 117 g/L if ≥ 19 years. ANOVA and logistic regression were used to compare biomarker levels and the prevalence of iron deficiency and anaemia across dietary groups.

RESULTS: Omnivores had the highest estimated ferritin levels (19.6 µg/L), which was significantly higher than pescatarians (14.7 µg/L, p = 0.03), and vegans/vegetarians (10.9 µg/L, p < 0.001). Overall 38.1% of participants were iron deficient. Vegetarians/vegans and pescatarians were significantly more likely to be iron deficient (69.4%, p < 0.001 and 49.4%, p-value 0.016, respectively) compared to omnivores (30.5%). Lower red meat consumption and higher intake of vegetarian patties and legumes were linked to an increased risk of iron deficiency. Anaemia prevalence (haemoglobin < 110 g/L if < 19 years and < 117 g/L if ≥ 19 years) was 3% across all dietary groups.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights a higher prevalence of iron deficiency among Swedish teenage girls adhering to plant-based diets. Public health strategies should promote balanced diets that ensure adequate iron intake and absorption while considering environmental sustainability. Regular screening and targeted dietary recommendations are essential for supporting the health of this population.

PMID:40035857 | DOI:10.1007/s00394-025-03630-z

J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2025 Jan 1;64(1):89-97. doi: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-060.

ABSTRACT

The laboratory opossum, Monodelphis domestica, serves as a critical marsupial model in biomedical research. Proper feeding approaches are essential for promoting animal growth and wellbeing. In this study, we systematically evaluated food scattering and potential food contamination from feces across 4 feeding methods: direct placement of food pellets on bedding and using 3 different types of containers. We conducted timed daily observations of food scattering and marking behaviors in 22 animals, capturing images by photograph at specific intervals over the course of a week. Body weight was measured before and after the trial. Our findings revealed that the containers did not prevent food scattering behaviors, as evidenced by comparable survival curves for food scattering across all methods (P > 0.05, log-rank test). Although the paper tray and ceramic dish delayed the occurrence of food marking by feces, indicated by a significant extension in the time to marking events (P = 0.009 and P < 0.001, respectively), these containers introduced new animal welfare concerns. The paper tray increased bleeding incidents in digits and paw pads nearly 8-fold (P = 0.0002), presumably due to sharp edges. The ceramic dish was associated with urine marking, and small but statistically significant weight loss (0.7%, P < 0.05). By 144 h, all cages showed food contamination regardless of the feeding method. The results suggest that containers provide minimal benefit in preventing food contamination, and some types of containers may pose health risks. Therefore, we propose that placing food pellets directly on the bedding, a practice used for 45 y of laboratory opossum maintenance, is acceptable for promoting optimal health and operational efficiency for this species. Our results fill a significant gap in care practices and offer insights into optimal colony management for this important research model.

PMID:40035216 | DOI:10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-060

Anal Methods. 2025 Mar 4. doi: 10.1039/d5ay00124b. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The classification of coffee beans by species, origin, and quality is essential in the coffee industry to ensure authenticity and consistency. While existing methods like spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques offer valuable insights, some require complex sample preparation, while others, such as near-infrared (NIR) and visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR), rely on molecular information that is labile during coffee roasting. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a fast and minimally invasive elemental analysis technique, shows promise for food authentication. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of combining LIBS with the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithm to classify 12 roasted coffee bean products available in South Korean markets. LIBS spectra revealed emission peaks for elements such as Li, Na, K, Rb, Mg, Ca, C, H, and O, along with molecular emission bands of CN and C₂. Using the newly developed statistical concept of the ‘inter-to-intraclass variation ratio,’ the emission intensities of Li, Na, and Rb were identified as key discriminatory variables for the classification model. The k-NN model achieved a classification accuracy of 96.0% with k = 1, which improved to 98.5% with standard deviation-based scaling and k = 3. It should be emphasized that the model based on the Li, Na, and Rb composition is not expected to be labile during the coffee bean roasting process. These findings underscore the potential of LIBS, combined with a simple machine-learning algorithm, as a practical and efficient tool for authenticating coffee products, leveraging its high sensitivity to alkali metal elements for rapid and accurate classification.

PMID:40035186 | DOI:10.1039/d5ay00124b

J Vet Intern Med. 2025 Mar-Apr;39(2):e70013. doi: 10.1111/jvim.70013.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) is a neuroinflammatory disease that is suspected to be immune-mediated. Vaccination and season inconsistently have been reported as risk factors for development of MUO in dogs, but limited prospectively collected data is available to evaluate these potential risk factors.

OBJECTIVE: Prospectively evaluate the association between vaccination and season and the development of MUO in dogs.

ANIMALS: A total of 172 client-owned dogs diagnosed with MUO.

METHODS: Dogs were enrolled prospectively from August 2021 through July 2023. Signalment, body weight, vaccination history, and season of onset of neurologic signs were recorded. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of MUO within various post-vaccination windows was statistically compared to a referent window of 451-560 days post-vaccination. The incidence rate (IR) of MUO in each season was compared statistically.

RESULTS: Of dogs vaccinated within the previous 450 days, MUO IRR was highest in the first 0-45 days (IRR = 9.14; confidence interval [CI] = 4.04-20.71), followed by 46-90 days (IRR = 4.86; CI = 2.01-11.71) and 91-180 days (IRR = 4.86; CI = 2.15-10.96) post-vaccination compared to the 451-560 day post-vaccination referent window. The MUO IR was slightly more common in the spring (28.5%) and least common in the summer (19.8%). No significant difference in IR between seasons was identified.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: In dogs with potential vaccine-associated MUO, the highest risk to develop MUO may be in the first 45 days post-vaccination. A slowly developing immune response to vaccination over 3-6 months may occur in some dogs. There is no apparent association between season and the development of MUO.

PMID:40035184 | DOI:10.1111/jvim.70013