Tag: pubmed

Ultrasound Med Biol. 2026 Apr 2:S0301-5629(26)00094-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2026.03.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Given the high hypoenhancement prevalence of hepatic hemangiomas (HHs) during the transitional phase and Kupffer phase (KP) of Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), this study aimed to investigate the hypoenhancement phenomenon pattern and its influencing factors.

METHODS: This was a prospective multicenter study. A total of 136 patients with HHs were enrolled from 26 medical centers, including 76 cases in the KP hypoenhancement group and 60 cases in the KP non-hypoenhancement group. Enhancement characteristics and patterns at different time points during the transitional phase were analyzed between the two groups. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U test for two independent samples, chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis for the relationship between hypoenhancement prevalence and time points. Survival analysis was used to compare differences in the start time of hypoenhancement among HHs with different characteristics. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the influencing factors of KP hypoenhancement.

RESULTS: The hypoenhancement prevalence of HHs in the KP was 55.9% (76/136). The proportions of hyperenhancement, isohyperenhancement, mild hypoenhancement and marked hypoenhancement were 5.9% (8/136), 38.2% (52/136), 41.9% (57/136) and 14.0% (19/136), respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the hypoenhancement prevalence and time points (r_s = 0.993, p < 0.001). The main start time of hypoenhancement was 4 min (p < 0.001). The median hypoenhancement time in the KP hypoenhancement group was 5.5 min. Two-dimensional ultrasound (2-D-US) echo type and maximum diameter were independent influencing factors for Sonazoid KP hypoenhancement: hypoechoic lesions were more likely to present hypoenhancement compared with hyperechoic ones (HR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.10-2.95, p = 0.020); both lesions ≥5 cm and those between 2 and 5 cm had a higher likelihood of hypoenhancement compared with lesions <2 cm, with HR = 2.58 (95% CI: 1.18-5.65, p = 0.018) and HR = 2.32 (95% CI: 1.35-3.97, p = 0.002), respectively.

CONCLUSION: More than half of HHs show hypoenhancement in the KP of Sonazoid CEUS, and mild hypoenhancement is the main enhancement pattern among hypoenhancement cases. Hypoenhancement mostly occurs after 4 min, and the hypoenhancement prevalence gradually increases over time. The independent influencing factor for KP hypoenhancement is 2-D-US hypoechogenicity and maximum diameter greater than 2 cm.

PMID:41934080 | DOI:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2026.03.003

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2026 Feb 17:S2212-4403(26)00068-4. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2026.02.009. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study tested how many patients receiving treatment for pericoronal radiolucencies were confirmed to have dentigerous cysts and also assessed factors associated with the prevalence of dentigerous cysts.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review study of 62 patients was conducted, including panoramic radiographs, pathology reports, demographic variables, and clinical data.

RESULTS: In total, 53.2% of study patients were diagnosed with dentigerous cysts. A statistically significant correlation was found between gender and the presence of dentigerous cysts, but not between age and a diagnosis of dentigerous cysts. Unilocular/multilocular lesions and the number of involved teeth also presented statistically significant correlations to this diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that dentigerous cysts are the most common type of pericoronal radiolucencies and highlights the importance of radiographic and clinical data in diagnosis.

PMID:41934074 | DOI:10.1016/j.oooo.2026.02.009

Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2026 Mar 25:S1553-8389(26)00108-9. doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2026.03.017. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is frequently associated with conduction disturbances and arrhythmias, often requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation in an elderly, high-bleeding-risk population. Leadless pacemakers (LPMs) reduce pocket and lead-related complications and have demonstrated noninferior safety compared with transvenous pacemakers (TVP) in non-TAVR populations. However, comparative data in the post-TAVR setting are lacking.

METHODS: We systematically searched Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Sciences and Scopus for studies comparing LPM vs. TVP following TAVR. Random effects models were used to calculate risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality, device-related complications, re-hospitalization and vascular access site complications. Statistical analysis was performed with R software, version 4.2.3.

RESULTS: Six retrospective studies comprising 10,681 patients were included, of whom 874 (7.56%) underwent LPM implantation. Compared with TVP, LPM was associated with a significant reduction in device related complications (RR 0.46; 95% 0.25-0.83; p < 0.011) and vascular access site complications (RR 0.15; 95% CI 0.03-0.68; p = 0.011). There was no significant difference in re-hospitalization (RR 0.82; 95% CI 0.23-3.12; p = 0.76). LPM was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (RR 1.61; 95% CI 1.01-2.57; p = 0.047).

CONCLUSIONS: Among these six retrospective studies, LPM use following TAVR was associated with fewer device-related and vascular access complications compared with TVP, albeit with a higher risk of all-cause mortality at 2 years. However, this finding likely reflects a selection bias in non-adjusted baseline characteristics rather than device inferiority. No significant differences were observed in re-hospitalization between the two strategies. Prospective studies are required to confirm or refute these findings.

PMID:41934056 | DOI:10.1016/j.carrev.2026.03.017

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2026 Feb 23:104639. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104639. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Anthropometric measures and derived ratios effectively predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. In this study, we aimed to compare waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR) with more common measures for predicting CVD mortality.

METHODS AND RESULTS: This study included 5661 U.S. adults from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, linked with 2019 mortality status from the National Death Index (768 CVD deaths). Anthropometric measures, including waist circumference (WC), thigh circumference (TC), BMI, waist-to-BMI ratio (WBR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and WTR, were assessed at baseline. Hazards ratios (HR) and 95th confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each anthropometric measure across quartiles in relation to CVD mortality after adjusting for traditional CVD risk factors and accounting for multi-stage sampling design. Study results showed that, compared to the lowest quartile, successive quartiles of WTR were significantly associated with greater HRs for CVD mortality (1.34 (0.88-2.03), 1.26 (0.90-1.76), and 1.62 (1.21-2.16, respectively, p trend = 0.003). Stronger associations were observed among adults aged 75 and above, with HR (95% CI) for the highest versus lowest WTR quartile of 2.34 (1.70-3.22) (p trend <0.001). However, no significant associations were observed for other anthropometric measures and CVD mortality.

CONCLUSIONS: In this nationally representative U.S. cohort, WTR was a stronger predictor of CVD mortality than WC, TC, BMI, WBR, or WHtR, particularly among participants aged ≥75 years. Incorporating WTR into traditional CVD risk models may more sensitively identify individuals at risk of CVD death.

PMID:41934045 | DOI:10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104639

Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2026 Apr 3. doi: 10.1002/cpt.70274. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The Medication Adherence Risk Score (MARS) is an objective adherence-based score, derived from transactional dispensary data. This study provides expert consensus to validate the use of the MARS as a predictor of mortality risk. A systematic review and assessment of South African health legislation and professional guidelines informed the development of consensus statements regarding the relevance, validity, predictive power, and implementation feasibility of the MARS. A two-round modified Delphi approach using a 5-point Likert scale was employed. Consensus was reached if at least 80% of respondents selected “agree” or “strongly agree.” Nonconsensus statements were revised based on qualitative feedback and subsequently reevaluated in a second round. Thirteen clinical, actuarial, and academic experts were successfully recruited. Consensus was achieved for 20 of the 28 statements in Round 1. Five of 18 (27.8%; risk score components), 1 of 3 (33.3%, validity/predictive power), and 2 of 7 statements (26.5%, real-world implementation) did not initially reach consensus. Nonconsensus statements were revised to provide clarity, after which consensus was achieved for all statements by the end of Round 2. Expert consensus supports the inclusion, exclusion, and weighting of MARS risk factors. The panel agreed that the score offers predictive value for mortality outcomes, and that real-world application for enhancing risk stratification and reducing healthcare costs is feasible. Future statistical analysis is necessary to demonstrate its relationship with mortality risk. Developing practical implementation strategies will facilitate incorporation into clinical practice and public health interventions.

PMID:41933437 | DOI:10.1002/cpt.70274

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2026 Apr 3. doi: 10.1186/s13756-026-01737-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound and multifaceted effects on healthcare delivery and infection control practices, potentially influencing the epidemiology of CDI.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has influenced the incidence of CDI and to explore potential contributing factors.

METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Seven databases were searched for relevant literature published from December 2019 to October 2025. Study quality was assessed via the Newcastle‒Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Random- or fixed-effects models were selected according to heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated via funnel plots and Egger’s test, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. The primary outcome was the incidence rate of CDI, expressed as cases per 10,000 patient-days. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated to compare the incidence of CDI between the prepandemic and pandemic periods.

RESULTS: Sixteen studies were included. The pooled CDI incidence rate was 4.42 (95% CI: 3.37-5.46) per 10,000 patient-days in the prepandemic period and 3.80 (95% CI: 2.63-4.96) per 10,000 patient-days during the pandemic. The pooled incidence rate ratio was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.67-0.97), indicating a significant reduction in the incidence of CDI. This decline was associated with changes in medical practices (e.g., the suspension of nonurgent and high-risk procedures), antimicrobial stewardship practices, and strengthened infection control measures (e.g., enhanced hand hygiene and environmental disinfection) during the pandemic.

CONCLUSION: Compared with the prepandemic period, the incidence of CDI decreased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding suggests that strengthened infection prevention measures, improved antimicrobial stewardship, and adaptations in healthcare delivery may have contributed to reduced CDI transmission. Reinforcing these evidence-based foundational strategies may help mitigate ‌the risk of CDI and other healthcare-associated infections during future public health emergencies.

PMID:41933426 | DOI:10.1186/s13756-026-01737-4

Knee Surg Relat Res. 2026 Apr 3;38(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s43019-026-00313-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: While the rupture pattern of the native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has been well characterized-most frequently occurring in the proximal third of the ligament-there is limited consensus on whether reconstructed ACLs fail in a similar fashion. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare rupture localization patterns between first ruptures and reruptures.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify studies analyzing rupture locations after both first rupture and rerupture. The main extracted outcome was the anatomical site of ACL rupture, categorized as proximal, mid-substance, distal, or elongation. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate pooled proportions and odds ratios (ORs), with between-study heterogeneity assessed using the I² statistic.

RESULTS: The pooled meta-analysis revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the distribution of proximal, mid-substance, or distal rupture locations between the first rupture and rerupture groups. However, graft elongation was significantly more frequent in reruptures (p < 0.05). Using first rupture as the reference, the odds of elongation were 1.63-fold higher in the rerupture group (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.46-1.83; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis found no statistically significant differences in rupture-site localization between first ruptures and reruptures, indicating that reconstructed ACLs tend to fail in anatomical patterns resembling those of the native ligament. However, the markedly higher incidence of graft elongation observed in the rerupture cohort suggests a distinct mode of failure. These findings highlight graft elongation as a specific mechanism that may be influenced by surgical or biological factors, warranting further investigation.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Systematic review and meta-analysis of Level 4 studies.

STUDY REGISTRATION: PROSPERO Registry CRD420251073835.

PMID:41933414 | DOI:10.1186/s43019-026-00313-9

Infect Dis Poverty. 2026 Apr 3;15(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s40249-026-01439-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Ethiopia bears a substantial burden of neglected tropical diseases, including schistosomiasis, which remains a major public health problem in endemic areas. Preventive chemotherapy is the main strategy for controlling and eliminating schistosomiasis. This study aimed to assess the reach of the mass drug administration program and validate the reported praziquantel coverage in interruption-of-transmission districts of Ethiopia.

METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from 1 to 30 August 2025 in eight purposively selected districts across three Ethiopian regions targeted for schistosomiasis interventions. Using a three-stage sampling method, data were collected using WHO-standard tools via KoboToolbox. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, in SPSS version 26 to estimate program reach and survey coverage.

RESULT: The average programs reach (participants who offered praziquantel) was 84.2%, while surveyed coverage (participants who reported swallowing the drug) was 83.0% (95% CI: 82.7-83.3%). West Badewacho district achieved the highest survey coverage, 95.4%, while Hammer and Bena Tsemay districts achieved 92.1% and 92.4%, respectively. The lowest coverage was recorded in Menit Goldya (66.2%), Mizan (72.0%), and South Bench (72.4%). Treatment uptake among those offered praziquantel was 98.5%.

CONCLUSIONS: The survey showed that praziquantel treatment coverage was below the 95% target and the national reported average, with notable variation across districts. Surveyed coverage was largely influenced by whether the treatment was offered; districts with lower program reach consistently had lower treatment coverage. Improving the delivery and offering of praziquantel at the community level is therefore essential to increase treatment uptake.

PMID:41933407 | DOI:10.1186/s40249-026-01439-4

BMC Glob Public Health. 2026 Apr 3;4(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s44263-026-00256-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mozambique has a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and in 2021, an estimated 18,000 persons with TB nationwide were not diagnosed. Estimates suggest that globally 47% of TB disease in prisons is undiagnosed. We implemented an integrated-care model health intervention to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of TB disease, provide TB preventive treatment (TPT), and identify and treat other undiagnosed health conditions in three prisons in Maputo, Mozambique.

METHODS: From July 11, 2023, through the second quarter of 2024, we systematically screened for TB using digital chest X-rays with computer-aided detection (DCXR-CAD). This was combined with symptom screening in a parallel algorithm. We conducted clinical assessments for other health conditions and delivered TPT. Graphs visually compare TB case notification trends with two control prisons, which continued the usual standard of care, symptom screening for TB. An interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was used to evaluate TB case notification counts before and after the intervention in the intervention prisons.

RESULTS: Of 7912 individuals screened, 264 new diagnoses of TB disease were notified, a TB screening yield of 3.34% and a number needed to screen of 30, and 1346 persons were initiated on TPT. Other conditions diagnosed and treated include HIV (28), malnutrition (830), and skin conditions (462). TB case notifications were higher in the intervention prisons during the intervention than in the preceding period in the same prisons. Comparing case notifications during the intervention with an equivalent period prior to the intervention showed an increase of about 52% in intervention prisons but a decrease in control prisons by the same magnitude. The ITS analysis found the effect of the intervention on TB case notification counts statistically significant in two of the intervention prisons: (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 3.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51-10.40; p = 0.005) and (IRR 6.17, 95% CI 2.17-17.55; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Strengthening local infrastructure and implementing DCXR-CAD for screening likely contributed to a higher TB yield in the intervention prisons. Screening and diagnosing TB, delivering TB disease treatment and prevention, and addressing other health conditions simultaneously in this vulnerable population were feasible and important.

PMID:41933406 | DOI:10.1186/s44263-026-00256-z

Med Phys. 2026 Apr;53(4):e70414. doi: 10.1002/mp.70414.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Median nerve, a major peripheral nerve, connects the hand to the central nervous system, facilitating upper limb motor function and sensation by transmitting sensory data from the palm and fingers. Damage to this nerve can result in motor and sensory deficits, with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) causing compression, leading to tingling and numbness in the thumb, index, middle, and lateral ring fingers.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop an accurate deep-learning-based segmentation method for measuring the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve to facilitate the diagnosis of nerve entrapment syndromes and aid in surgical planning, with a focus on CTS.

METHODS: This study introduces MNSeg-Net, a novel lightweight multiscale feature fusion network with 2.46M parameters for median nerve segmentation in ultrasound (US) frames, specifically designed to enable a fully automated, end-to-end clinical setup supporting real-time segmentation and CSA computation. The dataset comprised 100 subjects and 30 000 ultrasound frames, which were split into training (80%), validation (10%), and testing (10%) subsets with subject-wise separation to avoid data leakage. MNSeg-Net was benchmarked against state-of-the-art segmentation models, including UNet and its variants (UNet++ and U2Net). The performance was assessed using metrics such as the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and CSA difference. The statistical significance of performance differences was evaluated using paired t-tests, effect size (Cohen’s d), and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD correction for multiple comparisons at a $p$ -value threshold of 0.05, while statistical equivalence between models within predefined margins was formally assessed using the two one-sided test (TOST) procedure. Following quantitative validation, the model was deployed in a real-time clinical setup utilizing an Av.io HD Epiphan frame grabber to stream ultrasound images from the ultrasound machine to a GPU-equipped system. A secondary display running parallel to the original ultrasound screen visualized the segmented median nerve and computed the CSA values in real time.

RESULTS: MNSeg-Net achieved high segmentation performance, with average DSC scores of 94.7% at the wrist and 83.4% from the wrist to the elbow, and the lowest Hausdorff distance, matching the performance of the best-performing 44-million-parameter heavy U2Net model. Compared to U2Net, MNSeg-Net showed no statistically significant difference in DSC performance ( $p=9.11\times {10}^{–1}$ ; Cohen’s $d=–0.003$ ; mean difference = -0.001), with formal equivalence testing confirming equivalence across all tested margins ( $\pm 0.01,\pm 0.03,\pm 0.05$ ). For CSA estimation, MNSeg-Net also showed no statistically significant difference from clinician-annotated values ( $p=1.14\times {10}^{–1}$ ; Cohen’s $d=–0.041$ ; mean difference = -0.081), and equivalence was established at the $\pm 0.5$ margin, confirming a strong alignment with expert clinical assessments. MNSeg-Net demonstrated real-time performance by processing up to 43 frames per second on a single GPU, successfully segmenting the median nerve and computing CSA from ultrasound frames.

CONCLUSION: The developed MNSeg-Net-based clinical system represents an important step toward real-time median nerve assessment, enabling a fully automated solution for CTS diagnosis. By combining a lightweight architecture, real-time processing capability, and successful clinical deployment, it represents a substantial advancement in the CTS detection and management.

PMID:41933401 | DOI:10.1002/mp.70414