Tag: pubmed

PLoS One. 2025 May 9;20(5):e0310462. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310462. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Existing guidelines emphasize the importance of initial fluid resuscitation therapy in sepsis management. However, in previous meta-analyses, there have been inconsistencies in differentiating between spontaneously breathing and mechanically ventilated septic patients.

OBJECTIVE: To consolidate the literature on the predictive accuracy of changes in the inferior vena cava diameter (∆IVC) for fluid responsiveness in septic patients.

METHODS: The Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical (CBM) and VIP (Weipu) databases were comprehensively searched. Statistical analyses were performed with Stata 15.0 software and Meta-DiSc 1.4.

RESULTS: Twenty-one research studies were deemed suitable for inclusion. The sensitivity and specificity of ∆ IVC were 0.84 (95% CI 0.76, 0.90) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.80, 0.91), respectively. With respect to the distensibility of the inferior vena cava (dIVC), the sensitivity was 0.79 (95% CI 0.68, 0.86), and the specificity was 0.82 (95% CI 0.73, 0.89). For collapsibility of the inferior vena cava (cIVC), the sensitivity and specificity values were 0.92 (95% CI 0.83, 0.96) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.86, 0.97), respectively.

CONCLUSION: The results indicated that ∆IVC is as a dependable marker for fluid responsiveness in sepsis patients. dIVC and cIVC also exhibited high levels of accuracy in predicting fluid responsiveness in septic patients.

PMID:40344560 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0310462

JCO Glob Oncol. 2025 May;11:e2400533. doi: 10.1200/GO-24-00533. Epub 2025 May 9.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Breast cancer is a major public health concern in Uganda, with limited research on its spatial distribution. With the increasing burden of breast cancer in Uganda, ensuring equitable access to care is crucial. This study investigates the spatial distribution of breast cancer cases across Uganda and describes travel distances patients travel to reach the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI), the national cancer treatment center. By analyzing geographic patterns and disparities in accessibility, this research aims to inform targeted interventions for improved patient outcomes and a more equitable health care system.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed data from patients with breast cancer treated at UCI from 2009 to 2023. We geocoded patient addresses and calculated the travel distance from each residence to UCI. Spatial analysis was performed using Moran I statistic to assess clustering patterns in breast cancer distribution.

RESULTS: This study mapped the residences of 1,926 patients with breast cancer. Over half (54.7%) were concentrated in the Central region, with a median distance to the UCI of 11.2 km. By contrast, patients from the Northern region faced a median journey of 291 km, highlighting a significant disparity in proximity to care. Distinct clusters of patients were identified beyond the capital, Kampala, notably in Mbale (Eastern region) and several towns within the Northern region (Arua, Adjumani, Gulu, and Lira), suggesting potential localized factors influencing breast cancer incidence.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights significant regional disparities in access to breast cancer care in Uganda, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to improve health care access and reduce the burden of long-distance travel for patients in remote areas.

PMID:40344551 | DOI:10.1200/GO-24-00533

JCO Oncol Pract. 2025 May 9:OP2401030. doi: 10.1200/OP-24-01030. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Many cancer survivors consume alcohol above recommended limits, increasing their risk of recurrence, second cancers, and cancer-related mortality. Alcohol screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is a guideline-recommended strategy for reducing unhealthy alcohol consumption among adult primary care patients. To our knowledge, no prior studies have evaluated SBIRT’s reach among cancer survivors.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adults who completed the National Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2015 to 2022. We examined past-year receipt of alcohol screening and-among respondents who endorsed unhealthy alcohol use-brief intervention and treatment. All outcomes were examined among cancer survivors and those with no cancer history. We used modified Poisson regression to assess the associations of cancer history with each outcome, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.

RESULTS: The cohort included 86,410 respondents with no history of cancer and 9,963 cancer survivors. The percentages of respondents endorsing past-year receipt of alcohol screening (approximately 40%), brief intervention (approximately 8%), and treatment (approximately 2%) were similarly low in both groups. After adjustment, there was a small but statistically significant difference in alcohol screening, with cancer survivors more likely than people without a history of cancer to receive alcohol screening (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.13). Among those with unhealthy alcohol use, cancer survivors were no more or less likely than people without a history of cancer to receive brief alcohol intervention (aRR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.07) or alcohol treatment (aRR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.69).

CONCLUSION: Results reveal an important opportunity to improve SBIRT uptake across the board and especially for cancer survivors, who are at increased risk of alcohol-related adverse health effects and, potentially, more motivated to change cancer-related health behaviors.

PMID:40344546 | DOI:10.1200/OP-24-01030

Sci Rep. 2025 May 8;15(1):16136. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-00464-x.

ABSTRACT

This study presents the influence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the growth of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.cv. Diament and Lupinus luteus L.cv. Mister), and some metabolic reactions triggered by AgNPs during the seed germination stage and development of the seedling. Also, the role of AgNPs in defense mechanisms of the above of yellow lupine varieties against hemibiotrofic patogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lupini. AgNPs enhanced the growth of yellow lupine seedlings, particularly root length and fresh biomass. Furthermore, AgNPs triggered defense-related phytohormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonates (JA/MeJA), and salicylic acid (SA), which were involved in defense response of yellow lupine against F. oxysporum infection. The application of AgNPs significantly enhanced the growth of yellow lupine seedlings, increasing root length by over 400% and fresh biomass by 183% compared to the control. Moreover, AgNPs also significantly triggered an important defense-related phytohormone ABA, which increased by 103- and 38-times in Diament and Mister varieties, respectively. AgNPs influenced soluble sugar levels, such as sucrose and fructose, in yellow lupine, which may be related to defense mechanisms. The treatment with AgNPs induced a hormetic effect, where the roots of seedlings exhibited increased growth and defense responses at low concentrations. The level of gibberellic acid (GA) increased by 556% and 297% in AgNP-pretreated embryo axes of Diament and Mister varieties, respectively. Sugar levels, such as sucrose and fructose, were also influenced by AgNPs. In Diament variety, sucrose and fructose levels increased by 60% and 146%, respectively. However, F. oxysporum infection caused a strong decline in sugar levels. Overall, the study suggests that AgNPs can be used to enhance plant growth and defense against pathogens.

PMID:40341719 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-00464-x

Sci Rep. 2025 May 8;15(1):15978. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-00799-5.

ABSTRACT

To compare postoperative changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness between macula-off and macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Patients with RRD who had undergone a single, uncomplicated vitrectomy and been followed for ≥ 3 years postoperatively were included. Based on preoperative status, patients were categorized into a macula-on group (Group 1) and a macula-off group (Group 2). The baseline was established after complete gas dissipation from the vitreous cavity, followed by three additional examinations at 1-year intervals. In total, 62 eyes were analyzed: 30 in Group 1 and 32 in Group 2. Global pRNFL thicknesses in Group 1 were 100.0 ± 19.5, 99.4 ± 19.6, 98.4 ± 19.4, and 97.0 ± 20.3 μm at baseline, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years, respectively (P = 0.001). In Group 2, the corresponding values were 99.6 ± 15.0, 96.2 ± 16.4, 95.4 ± 16.3, and 94.1 ± 17.6 μm (P < 0.001). Sectoral analysis showed statistically significant changes in the inferotemporal (P < 0.001) and inferonasal (P = 0.003) sectors in Group 2. The reduction rates of global pRNFL thickness were – 0.89 μm/y in Group 1 and – 1.81 μm/y in Group 2; these rates significantly differed between the groups (P = 0.026). Among RRD patients, pRNFL thickness gradually declined over time, with a more pronounced reduction in the macula-off group. A substantial decrease in inferior pRNFL thickness was observed in macula-off patients.

PMID:40341713 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-00799-5

Trop Med Int Health. 2025 May 8. doi: 10.1111/tmi.14116. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected parasitic transmitted disease that the world has pledged to eliminate by 2020. Burkina Faso has initiated an elimination programme from 2001 to 2017. The aim of this study was to describe the impact of annual mass drug administration of ivermectin and albendazole on lymphatic filariasis transmission.

METHODS: This was an ecological study conducted covering the period from 2001 to 2017. The data were collected from 1 January to 31 December 2017. In this study, we have considered data pertaining to the annual distribution of treatment according to geographical location, sex, age, and the various post-treatment evaluations, including the antigenic test and the microscopic search for microfilariae. All health districts implementing mass drug administration were included. The statistical analyses were descriptive using STATA software version 15.

RESULTS: During reviewing 16 years data of program implementation, the geographical coverage of health districts was complete 70/70 (100%). The average treatment coverage was 80%. Microfilaremia was less than 1% in 21 of the 30 sentinel sites. Post-treatment surveillance showed that the prevalence of filarial antigen was less than 1% at 2, 4, and 6 years after. Of the 70 endemic health districts, 87% (61/70) interrupted transmission.

CONCLUSION: Lymphatic filariasis transmission was interrupted in several health districts. Transmission assessment surveys showed a significant reduction of immunoparasitological indicators during program implementation. However, the country had to make efforts to reach the WHO target by 2020.

PMID:40341688 | DOI:10.1111/tmi.14116

Sci Rep. 2025 May 8;15(1):16088. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98926-9.

ABSTRACT

Mucormycosis, a severe fungal infection, has exhibited a concerning increase in recent years, particularly during the COVID-19 outbreak. This three-year cohort study aims to investigate an overview of the epidemiology, clinical and radiographic signs, treatment, and prognosis of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM). This prospective cohort study was conducted from 2019 to 2022 at Khalili Hospital in Shiraz, Iran. It focused on proven cases of ROCM. Patients underwent a stepwise treatment protocol, with meticulous documentation of findings from ophthalmological examinations and imaging studies. Additionally, a three-year follow-up period was implemented to monitor patient progress and assess the effectiveness of treatment strategies. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS statistics. In this study, 77 patients with ROCM participated. Most patients presented with facial pain (75.3%), swelling (62.3%), and vision loss (51.9%). Treatment included combined antifungal therapy and surgical debridement, with 7.8% undergoing ocular exenteration. Notably, despite the extensive disease, all cases that underwent orbital exenteration survived during the 3-year follow-up. Impaired V2 nerve function was associated with higher mortality rates, and patients presenting with an initial visual acuity of No Light Perception (NLP) had higher mortality compared to those with other degrees of visual impairment. The convergence of mucormycosis, specifically in the form of ROCM, with COVID-19 has led to an outbreak characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates. This cohort study meticulously documented the long-term follow-up of these patients, aiming to provide novel insights into the epidemiology, clinical and radiographic signs, treatment, and prognosis of this fungal infection.

PMID:40341683 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-98926-9

Sci Rep. 2025 May 8;15(1):16019. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-01197-7.

ABSTRACT

Several new surgical techniques for managing refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) have demonstrated favorable short-term outcomes. However, no studies have reported the long-term outcomes of these treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of cystotomy for DME retrospectively. Twenty-seven patients (31 eyes; 16 male, 11 female) who underwent cystotomy for DME between January 2015 and April 2019, with a follow-up period of 3 years were included. Statistical analyses involved variables including age, sex, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), number of treatments (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide, direct photocoagulation for microaneurysms, vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling), number of clinic visits, and DME recurrence. The mean age was 67.2 ± 9.3 years. BCVA (logMAR) and CMT(µm) significantly improved from preoperatively to 3 years postoperatively (P < 0.001). Total treatments significantly decreased from the year before surgery to the third year after surgery (P < 0.001). The mean number of clinic visits significantly decreased from the year before surgery to the third year after surgery (P < 0.001). Fibrinogen clot removal was performed in 14 eyes. and DME recurrence occurred in 12 eyes. Cystotomy may be a viable treatment option for DME.

PMID:40341676 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-01197-7

Sci Rep. 2025 May 8;15(1):15982. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-01152-6.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of health education based on self-determination theory on hemodialysis knowledge, self-management, interdialytic weight gain and anxiety and depression in maintenance hemodialysis patients. The study is a quasi-randomized control trial, a total of 86 maintenance hemodialysis patients who met the inclusion criteria were included equally in the intervention and control groups. The control group received routine care, and the intervention group received health education based on self-determination theory. Three months after the intervention, the intervention effects were evaluated using the Hemodialysis Related Knowledge Scale, Self-Management Behavior Scale, Interdialytic Weight Gain, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Three months after the intervention, the hemodialysis knowledge scores of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group and baseline; the scores of the intervention group in problem solving, partnership, emotional processing, executive self-care dimensions and the total self-management scores were higher than that of the control group and baseline; the interdialytic weight gain of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group and baseline; the anxiety and depression scores of the intervention group were lower than that of the control group and baseline. All these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Health education based on self-determination theory can improve the hemodialysis knowledge level and self-management ability of maintenance hemodialysis patients, and reduce the interdialytic weight gain and anxiety and depression level.

PMID:40341669 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-01152-6

Ther Drug Monit. 2025 Jun 1;47(3):330-336. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000001272. Epub 2024 Nov 15.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Posaconazole (POSA), a second-generation triazole antifungal drug, inhibits CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Here, the interaction between POSA and tacrolimus (TAC) in patients undergoing early renal transplantation was studied.

METHODS: Twenty-two renal transplant recipients who received POSA as antifungal therapy were studied. The following indicators were analyzed statistically: the blood concentration (C), dose (D), and concentration-dose ratio (C/D) of TAC before and after introducing POSA; the change of C/D (ΔC/D) after starting POSA; the genotypes of CYP3A5*3, ABCB1 3435, ABCB1 1236, and POR*28; other routine clinical indicators.

RESULTS: After starting POSA, the C, D, and C/D values of TAC were 1.29, 0.57, and 2.74 times the original values, respectively. A linear correlation was observed between the plasma levels of POSA and ΔC/D. The CYP3A5*3 gene polymorphism showed a significant impact on C, D, and C/D of TAC; however, it did not affect the ΔC/D. Polymorphism of the ABCB1 3435 gene had a significant effect on ΔC/D, and patients with the CC genotype in ABCB1 3435 had significantly lower ΔC/D than the CT/TT patients.

CONCLUSIONS: In renal transplant patients, considerable interindividual variability was observed in the drug interactions between POSA and TAC. The genotypes of CYP3A5*3 and ABCB1 3435 and the plasma level of POSA had strong impact on the interaction between POSA and TAC.

PMID:40341589 | DOI:10.1097/FTD.0000000000001272