Tag: pubmed

J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2023 Jul;35:84-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.021. Epub 2023 Apr 28.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Motor recovery of the upper extremity is one of the most common challenging outcomes after stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To find out the combined effects of Brunnstrom hand rehabilitation (BHR) and functional electrical stimulation for improving hand functions in patients with chronic stroke.

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.

METHOD: 25 participants, both male (n = 11) and female (n = 14), age group between 40 and 70 years were randomly divided into control group (n = 12) and experimental group (n = 13). The treatment protocol was continued 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. The experimental group received Brunnstrom hand training and functional electrical stimulation (FES) along with conventional physiotherapy. The control group received only conventional physiotherapy. Participants were evaluated at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention.

OUTCOME MEASURES: Fugl Meyer Assessment scale-upper extremity, Modified Ashworth scale, Handheld Dynamometer, and Jabsen Taylor Hand Function Test. Paired t-test was used to compare within-group variables and an independent t-test was used for between-group comparisons. P-value was set as 0.05 to minimize type-1 error.

RESULTS: Statistically significant difference was obtained in favor of the experimental group undergoing FMA (p < .001), MAS (p = .004), JTHF (p = .018), and HHD (p < .001) in between-group analysis. However, both groups showed significant improvement [experimental group; FMA-UE (p < .001), MAS (p < .001); JTHF (p < .001), and HHD (p < .001), and control group; FMA-UE (p < .001), MAS (p < .001), JTHF (p < .001) and HHD (p < .001)] in within-group analysis at post-intervention.

CONCLUSION: Brunnstrom hand rehabilitation and FES in combination were found to be more effective in improving hand function than conventional physiotherapy treatment.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.ctri.nic.in. No: CTRI/2019/06/019,905.

PMID:37330808 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.021

J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2023 Jul;35:49-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.069. Epub 2023 Apr 17.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is the most common type of MS with prevalence rate 20-60 patients/100.000 individuals in Egypt. Poor postural control and cognitive dysfunctions are well-established complications of RRMS without potent remedy yet. The latest evidence highlighted the potential and independent immune-modulating effects of vitamin D₃ and ultraviolet radiation in the management of RRMS.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of broadband ultraviolet B radiation (UVBR) versus moderate loading dose of vitamin D₃ supplementation in improving postural control and cognitive functions.

DESIGN: Pretest-posttest randomized controlled study.

SETTING: Multiple sclerosis outpatient unit of Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital.

PARTICIPANTS: Forty-seven patients with RRMS were recruited from both genders, yet only 40 completed the study.

INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized into two groups: UVBR group involved 24 patients, received sessions for 4 weeks and vitamin D₃ group involved 23 patients, took vitamin D₃ supplementation (50 000 IU/week) for 12 weeks.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall balance system index (OSI) and symbol digit modalities test (SDMT).

RESULTS: Highly significant decrease (P < 0.001) of the OSI in both groups post-treatment, indicating improved postural control. Moreover, highly significant improvement in the SDMT scores was noted, indicating information processing speed enhancement. Nonetheless, no statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05) differences were evident between the two groups post-treatment in all tested measures.

CONCLUSION: Both therapeutic programs were statistically equal in improving postural control and cognitive functions. However, clinically, UVBR therapy was more convenient owing to its shorter treatment time and higher percentage of change for all tested measures.

PMID:37330802 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.069

J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2023 Jul;35:378-384. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.033. Epub 2023 Apr 18.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome in the upper extremities. Acupuncture is often used as a treatment method in CTS and numerous studies consider it effective. However, no study has yet compared the efficacy of physical therapy including bone and neural mobilization, exercise and electrotherapy with and without acupuncture in CTS patients.

PURPOSE: comparing the effect of physiotherapy plus acupuncture with physiotherapy alone on pain, disability and grip strength in CTS patients.

METHOD: Forty patients with mild to moderate CTS were randomly divided into two equal groups. Both groups received exercise and manual techniques for 10 sessions. Patients in the physiotherapy plus acupuncture group also received 30 min of acupuncture in every session. The visual analog scale (VAS) score, the score on the Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire for functional status and symptom severity, shortened disability of arm, shoulder, hand (Quick-DASH) score and grip strength were evaluated at pre-test and post-test.

RESULTS: According to ANOVA results, there is a significant interaction between group and time for VAS, BCTQ and Quick-DASH parameters. At the post-test, while the parameters of VAS, BCTQ and Quick-DASH in the physiotherapy plus acupuncture group had a statistically significant difference compared to the physiotherapy group, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the pre-test. Moreover, there is no significant difference between groups in grip strength improvement.

CONCLUSION: This study shows preliminary evidence that physiotherapy plus acupuncture, was more effective than physiotherapy alone in pain relief and improving disability of patients suffering from CTS.

PMID:37330796 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.033

J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2023 Jul;35:326-331. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.007. Epub 2023 Apr 20.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Excessive amounts of intense training, without adequate recovery time, can overload the musculoskeletal, immune, and metabolic systems, resulting in a potentially negative effects on later exercise performance. During the competitive period, the ability to recover after intense training and competition is an important factor of success in soccer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hamstring foam rolling on the knee muscle contractile properties in soccer players, after a sports-specific load.

METHODS: 20 male professional soccer players were included and contractile properties of the biceps femoris, rectus femoris, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles were measured with tensiomyography, before and after a Yo-Yo interval test and after 5 × 45 s of hamstring foam rolling. Additionally, active and passive knee extensibility before and after the intervention were measured. A mixed linear model was performed to determine the differences between the mean values of the groups. The experimental group performed foam rolling, while the control was resting.

RESULTS: Five repetitions of 45 s of hamstring foam rolling had no statistically significant effect (p > 0.05) on any of the measured muscles following the Yo-Yo interval test or foam rolling intervention. There were no statistically significant differences in delay time, contraction time and maximum muscle amplitude between groups. Active and passive knee extensibility did not differ between groups.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It seems that foam rolling does not affect mechanical properties of the knee muscles or hamstring extensibility in soccer players, after a sports-specific load.

PMID:37330788 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.007

J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2023 Jul;35:228-232. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.022. Epub 2023 Apr 20.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) constitutes the majority of urinary incontinence (UI) cases that occur due to anatomical and physiological changes during pregnancy and postpartum period. The objcetive of this study was to evaluate the effect of pilates in preventing the occurrence of SUI in the postpartum period.

METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted in a private hospital. Participants consisted of patients who gave birth vaginally at the hospital and were admitted to the hospital for routine control at the postpartum 12th week. The women did pilates for two days a week from the 12th week of pregnancy until the birth were included in the case group. The women did not do pilates in the control group. Data was collected using the “Michigan Incontinence Symptom Index”. To detect the presence of SUI, researchers asked women “Do you have urinary incontinence problems in your daily life?”. STROBE research check-list was used for reporting the study.

RESULTS: The study was completed with a total of 142 women consisting of 71 women in each group. Of the women, postpartum SUI occurred in 39.4%. The severity score of women who did pilates were found to be statistically significantly lower than those who did not do pilates.

CONCLUSION: During pregnancy, women should be encouraged to do pilates about the prenatal period by health professionals.

PMID:37330774 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.022

Physiother Res Int. 2023 Jun 18:e2029. doi: 10.1002/pri.2029. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Studies that analyze gait without physical assistance recovery post-stroke are scarce. There are few of the studies that analyze longitudinally the recovery of balance during the subacute post-stroke inpatient rehabilitation. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between balance recovery during subacute stroke inpatient rehabilitation and gait without physical assistance achievement. Secondarily, to analyze the association between balance at admission of inpatient rehabilitation and gait without physical assistance achievement.

METHODS: An observational, longitudinal, and retrospective cohort study was conducted. Subacute stroke subjects with an admission Berg Balance Scale below or equal to 4 points were included (n = 164). Two logistic regression models were developed. Model 1 analyzes the association between balance recovery during inpatient rehabilitation and gait without physical assistance at discharge. Model 2 analyzes the association between balance at the admission and gait without physical assistance at discharge.

RESULTS: Of 164 severe post-stroke patients, 60 (36.5%) achieved gait without physical assistance. Although the two models developed a statistically significant association (p < 0.001), Model 1 evinced better discrimination performance (Model 1: area below the curve was of 0.987 -CI 95%: 0.975-0.998- vs. Model 2: area below the curve 2 was of 0.705 -CI 95%: 0.789-0.601-).

DISCUSSION: Balance recovery during rehabilitation was strongly associated with gait without physical assistance achievement at the time of discharge in severe subacute post-stroke patients.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY PRACTICE: The longitudinal analysis of motor recovery in severe subacute post-stroke patients may be helpful in the decision making process during inpatient rehabilitation.

PMID:37330694 | DOI:10.1002/pri.2029

Urol J. 2023 Jun 18. doi: 10.22037/uj.v20i.7378. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation (HIFU) is emerging as more data on its efficacy arises for prostate cancer (PCa). However, it is indefinite whether to combine endoscopic resection and uncertain to say who the ideal candidates are for the combined treatment. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to compare outcomes of sole HIFU therapy with that of HIFU in combination with endoscopic resection in patients with localized PCa.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic databases were searched following the PRISMA guidelines and PICOS formats. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) studies on HIFU for PCa patients; 2) comparative studies on HIFU in combination with endoscopic resection for localized PCa men. Exclusion criteria include non-comparative studies and salvage HIFU therapy. Meta-analysis results were mainly present using forest plots. Sensitivity analysis and Egger’s test were adopted to determine the stability and assess the publication bias.

RESULTS: Six comparative studies with 767 patients were eligible, including 487 cases in the combination therapy group and 280 cases in the monotherapy group. There was no statistical difference in age, preoperative PSA levels, and prostate volume between two groups. No statistical difference was found in postoperative PSA nadir (MD=-0.02, 95%CI: -0.35 to 0.31, P=0.90), disease-free survival rate (RR=0.95, 95%CI: 0.83 to 1.09, P=0.47), and preoperative IPSS score (MD=-0.69, 95%CI: -1.63 to 0.26, P=0.15; I2=8%) between two groups. The combination therapy group had significantly lower postoperative IPSS score (MD=-5.49, 95%CI: -6.47 to -4.51, P<0.001) and shorter catheterization time (MD=-13.70, 95%CI: -19.24 to -8.16, P<0.001) than the monotherapy group. The rates of urinary incontinence (7.4% vs. 13.9%, RR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.29 to 0.70, P=0.0004; I2=4%), acute urinary retention (6.8% vs. 10.5%, RR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.14 to 0.89, P=0.03; I2=0%), urinary tract infection (10% vs. 33%, RR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.4, P<0.001; I2=0%), epididymitis (1.2% vs. 15.7%, RR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.59, P=0.01; I2=0%), and urethral stricture (7.1% vs. 23.2%, RR=0.3, 95%CI: 0.18 to 0.51, P<0.001; I2=0%) in the combination therapy group were all significantly lower than that in the monotherapy group. Sensitivity analysis revealed findings were convincing and no publication bias (P=0.62) was observed using Egger’s test.

CONCLUSION: It appears that the addition of endoscopic resection to the HIFU operation might not impact oncologic outcomes and could show better functional outcomes compared to the HIFU monotherapy in localized PCa patients.

PMID:37330689 | DOI:10.22037/uj.v20i.7378

J Anim Sci. 2023 Jun 18:skad202. doi: 10.1093/jas/skad202. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is commonly used to induce intestinal (i.e., colonic) inflammation in a variety of animal models. However, DSS is known to cause interference when using quantitative-real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) methods, thereby invalidating accurate and precise measurement of tissue gene expression. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine whether different mRNA purification methods would reduce DSS-interference. Colonic tissue samples were collected at postnatal d (PND) 27 or 28 from pigs that had not been administered DSS (Control), and 2 independent groups of pigs that received 1.25 g of DSS/kg of BW/d (DSS-1 and DSS-2) from PND 14-18. Tissue samples collected were subsequently stratified into 3 purification methods (i.e., 9 total treatment x method combinations), including: 1) No Purification, 2) purification with lithium chloride (LiCl), or 3) purification using Spin Column filtration. All data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA in the Mixed procedure of SAS. The average ribonucleic acid (RNA) concentrations across all treatments were between 1,300 and 1,800 µg/µL for all 3 in vivo groups. Although there were statistical differences among purification methods, the 260/280 ratio and 260/230 ratio fell between acceptable limits of 2.0-2.1 and 2.0-2.2, respectively, for all treatment groups. This confirms the RNA quality was adequate and not influenced by purification method in addition to suggesting the absence of phenol, salts, and carbohydrate contamination. For pigs in the Control group that did not receive DSS, qRT-PCR Ct values of 4 cytokines were achieved, though these values were not altered by purification method. For pigs that had undergone DSS dosing, those tissues subjected to either no purification or purification using LiCl did not generate applicable Ct values. However, when tissues derive from DSS-treated pigs underwent spin column purification, half of the samples from DSS-1 and DSS-2 groups generated appropriate Ct estimates. Therefore, spin column purification appeared to be more effective than LiCl purification, but no method was 100% effective, so caution should be exercised when interpreting gene expression results from studies where animals are exposed to DSS-induced colitis.

PMID:37330677 | DOI:10.1093/jas/skad202

J Biopharm Stat. 2023 Jun 18:1-12. doi: 10.1080/10543406.2023.2220398. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

An in vitro diagnostic device (IVD) that is essential for the safe and effective use of a corresponding therapeutic product is commonly referred to as companion diagnostic device. Clinical trials using companion diagnostic devices (tests) together with therapies can yield the information necessary to address whether both products are safe and effective. A clinical trial ideally assesses safety and effectiveness of a therapy, where the clinical trial enrolls subjects based on the final market ready companion diagnostic test (CDx). However, such a requirement may be difficult to accomplish or impractical to achieve at the time of the clinical trial enrollment, due to unavailability of the CDx. Instead, clinical trial assay(s) (CTA), which are not the final marketable product, are often used in enrollment of patients in a clinical trial. When CTA is used for subject enrollment, a clinical bridging study provides a mechanism to bridge the clinical efficacy of the therapeutic product from CTA to CDx. This manuscript reviews some issues and challenges commonly associated with clinical bridging studies, including missing data, use of local tests for enrollment, prescreening before enrollment, and evaluation of CDx for low positive rate biomarkers, with particular focus on clinical trials using a binary endpoint and provide alternative statistical methodologies to assess effectiveness of CDx.

PMID:37330676 | DOI:10.1080/10543406.2023.2220398

Nutr Rev. 2023 Jun 18:nuad058. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad058. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Adolescence is a critical stage for improving nutrition. The popularity of smartphones makes them an ideal platform for administering interventions to adolescents. A systematic review has yet to assess the impact of smartphone app-based interventions exclusively on adolescents’ dietary intake. Furthermore, despite the impact of equity factors on dietary intake and the claim for mobile health of increased accessibility, there is minimal research on the reporting of equity factors in the evaluation of smartphone app-based nutrition-intervention research.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review examines the effectiveness of smartphone app-based interventions on adolescents’ dietary intake and the frequency with which equity factors and statistical analyses specific to equity factors are reported in these intervention studies.

DATA SOURCES: Databases (ie, Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Cochrane Central Register for Randomized Control Trials) were searched for studies published from January 2008 to October 2022. Smartphone app-based intervention studies that were nutrition focused, evaluated at least 1 dietary intake variable, and included participants with a mean age between 10 and 19 years were included. All geographic locations were included.

DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Study characteristics, intervention results, and reported equity factors were extracted. Because of the heterogeneity of dietary outcomes, findings were reported as a narrative synthesis.

CONCLUSION: In total, 3087 studies were retrieved, 14 of which met the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies reported a statistically significant improvement in at least 1 dietary outcome because of the intervention. Reporting of at least 1 equity factor across articles’ Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections was minimal (n = 5), and statistical analyses specific to equity factors were rare, occurring in only 4 of the 14 included studies. Future interventions should include a measurement of intervention adherence and report the impact of equity factors on the effectiveness and applicability of interventions for equity-deserving groups.

PMID:37330675 | DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuad058