Tag: pubmed

Environ Geochem Health. 2025 Nov 27;48(1):18. doi: 10.1007/s10653-025-02877-z.

ABSTRACT

The dissolution of fugitive gases in saline to hypersaline groundwater in arid regions is largely unclear. Groundwater samples from three major oil field aquifers in northern (NK), southeastern (SEK), and western Kuwait (WK) were investigated to determine the concentration, sources, evolution, and distribution of dissolved CH₄. Saline NK wells demonstrated the highest concentration of CH₄ at 688 µg/L, followed by WK at 419 µg/L and SEK at 102 µg/L. Elevated CH₄ concentrations were detected in Na-Cl-SO₄ and Na-Cl type groundwater. CH₄ hotspots were located in regions with increased lineament intersections and proximity to older wells near the hydrocarbon reservoirs, exhibiting an inverse correlation with conductivity and H₂S levels. Microbes in the SEK region utilize carbon substrates, leading to reduced CH₄ levels in comparison to NK and WK. δ¹³C_CH₄ values showed relatively depleted signatures for WK (- 51.2‰), while NK displayed enriched values alongside decreasing CH₄ levels, indicating thermogenic sources. Enriched δ¹³C_CH₄ values in SEK (+ 9.5‰) are associated with elevated CH₄ concentrations. The δ²H_CH₄ values range from – 479‰ to – 140‰, while δ²H_H₂O values range from + 4 to – 36‰, indicating the presence of mixed methanogenic sources across the regions. In NK, the thermogenic methane was observed with variation in isotope signatures due to complex processes. In SEK, although reducing environments prevailed, the carbon isotope fractionation is exceeded by the hydrogen isotope due to the significant impact of microbial oxidation during the diffusive migration process. In the west of Kuwait, the isotopic signatures of methane are depleted, mainly due to the oxidation of organic matter or through Sulfate-Driven Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane (SD-AOM) and carbonate dissolution. Four primary sources of CH₄ are microbial, methyl-substrates, carbonate substrates, and mixed sources, which are identified alongside two main processes: biogenic and thermogenic.

PMID:41299129 | DOI:10.1007/s10653-025-02877-z

Obes Surg. 2025 Nov 26. doi: 10.1007/s11695-025-08410-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The 2022 updates from the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) have revised the indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). This study investigated the association between a history of MBS and micronutrient status in a nationally representative U.S. adult population.

METHODS: The study included 2,970 adults aged ≥ 18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2018). Participants were categorized into three groups: (1) individuals with a BMI within the normal weight range (18.5-24.9 kg/m²); (2) individuals with a history of MBS; and (3) individuals who met the eligibility criteria for MBS but had not undergone the procedure. Weighted logistic regression models were used to compare between-group differences in the prevalence of micronutrient abnormalities.

RESULTS: Compared to the individuals with normal weight group, individuals eligible for MBS but without a history of surgery exhibited an increased likelihood of hyperferritinemia (OR, 1.779; 95% CI: 1.168-2.709), high transferrin receptor levels (OR, 2.145; 95% CI: 1.175-3.917), hypocalcemia (OR, 3.415; 95% CI: 1.306-8.929), and vitamin D deficiency (OR, 2.126; 95% CI: 1.522-2.969). In contrast, no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of these conditions were observed between the group with a history of MBS and the individuals with normal weight group.

CONCLUSION: In this cross-sectional analysis, individuals eligible for MBS who had not undergone surgery showed a higher prevalence of several micronutrient abnormalities compared to individuals with normal weight. This pattern was not observed in individuals with a history of MBS, suggesting that postoperative management, including micronutrient supplementation, may mitigate these deficiencies. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the study’s limitations.

PMID:41299128 | DOI:10.1007/s11695-025-08410-6

J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2025 Nov 26. doi: 10.1007/s44197-025-00486-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis remains a major cause of preventable neonatal mortality globally, yet diagnosis remains difficult in low-resource settings due to the inaccessibility and the long turnaround time of blood culture. Clinical prediction models can support the early detection and management of sepsis.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and internally validate a diagnostic prediction model for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in a low-resource setting, Ethiopia.

METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2024. We collected data through medical record review among 607 newborns with suspected sepsis. Predictors were selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and then subjected to multivariable logistic regression. Model performance was assessed by discrimination and calibration. Ten-fold cross-validation was performed to assess the model’s internal validity, and clinical utility was assessed by decision curve analysis. External validation was not performed. The R statistical software was used for data analysis.

RESULTS: The proportion of sepsis was 36.1% (95% CI: 32.3, 39.9). The final model incorporated maternal anemia, fever, antibiotic use during pregnancy, temperature abnormality, presence of a focus of infection, invasive procedure before admission, leukocytosis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. The model demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.87(95% CI: 0.84, 0.90) and good calibration. The model achieved a sensitivity of 86.8%, specificity of 71.1%, negative predictive value of 90.5%, and a positive likelihood ratio of 3.0. The decision curve analysis showed a higher net benefit than the “treat-all” or “treat-none” strategies.

CONCLUSIONS: We developed a diagnostic prediction model for neonatal sepsis, demonstrating good discrimination, high sensitivity, and negative predictive value, with a modest positive likelihood ratio, reflecting its utility for ruling in or out sepsis. The model can be incorporated into routine neonatal care practices and quality improvement initiatives following external validation.

PMID:41299099 | DOI:10.1007/s44197-025-00486-8

Nat Aging. 2025 Nov 26. doi: 10.1038/s43587-025-01016-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Aging and age-related diseases share convergent pathways at the proteome level. Here, using plasma proteomics and machine learning, we developed organismal and ten organ-specific aging clocks in the UK Biobank (n = 43,616) and validated their high accuracy in cohorts from China (n = 3,977) and the USA (n = 800; cross-cohort r = 0.98 and 0.93). Accelerated organ aging predicted disease onset, progression and mortality beyond clinical and genetic risk factors, with brain aging being most strongly linked to mortality. Organ aging reflected both genetic and environmental determinants: brain aging was associated with lifestyle, the GABBR1 and ECM1 genes, and brain structure. Distinct organ-specific pathogenic pathways were identified, with the brain and artery clocks linking synaptic loss, vascular dysfunction and glial activation to cognitive decline and dementia. The brain aging clock further stratified Alzheimer’s disease risk across APOE haplotypes, and a super-youthful brain appears to confer resilience to APOE4. Together, proteomic organ aging clocks provide a biologically interpretable framework for tracking aging and disease risk across diverse populations.

PMID:41299092 | DOI:10.1038/s43587-025-01016-8

Cell Death Differ. 2025 Nov 26. doi: 10.1038/s41418-025-01623-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Ferroptosis-an iron-dependent form of cell death triggered by phospholipid peroxidation-has emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue in cancer treatment. Although neuroblastoma (NB) has been identified as a ferroptosis susceptible cancer, our studies reveal striking heterogeneity in ferroptosis sensitivity across high-risk NB models. Through a targeted metabolic compound screen, we identified stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1)-a key enzyme in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) synthesis-as a robust ferroptosis-sensitizing target. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of SCD1 restored ferroptosis sensitivity in resistant NB cells. Notably, high SCD1 expression correlates with poor patient prognosis. Co-treatment with arachidonic acid (AA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), further enhanced ferroptotic cell death via increased PUFA/MUFA ratio. Nevertheless, neither baseline lipidomic profiles nor transcriptomes of key ferroptosis regulators reliably predicted ferroptosis sensitivity. To overcome AA’s poor solubility, we engineered AA-loaded lipid nanoparticles (AA-LNPs), which selectively accumulated in high-risk NB tumors and synergized with SCD1 inhibition. This dual-sensitization strategy, termed LipidSens, significantly suppressed tumor growth and induced ferroptosis in cell-derived xenograft mouse models without systemic toxicity. Together, these findings establish MUFA synthesis blockade and PUFA enrichment as a tumor-targeted, ferroptosis-enhancing strategy, and offer a nanomedicine-based therapeutic platform for high-risk NB.

PMID:41299087 | DOI:10.1038/s41418-025-01623-3

Eur Radiol. 2025 Nov 27. doi: 10.1007/s00330-025-12206-8. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41299042 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-025-12206-8

Eur Radiol. 2025 Nov 27. doi: 10.1007/s00330-025-12182-z. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41299041 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-025-12182-z

Environ Monit Assess. 2025 Nov 27;197(12):1377. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14827-4.

ABSTRACT

Concern over agricultural nutrient contamination is rising in arid Central Asia where a shortage of freshwater resources under climate change exacerbates water supply problems. This study assesses how nutrient loading in the Zarafshan River Basin is affected by the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers. We evaluated fertilizer use and river nutrient concentrations using QSWAT hydrological modeling, GIS-based spatial analysis, and long-term water quality data. The model was calibrated and validated for discharge using SWAT-CUP on a monthly time step. The model results were evaluated using the R² and NSE statistical coefficients, which were 0.78 and 0.76 during the calibration period, and 0.75 and 0.73 during the validation period, respectively, which proved the model’s accuracy. While P and K correlations were weak and not statistically significant, N fertilizer application demonstrated a statistically significant, moderate positive correlation with TN_min (mineral total nitrogen) in river water (ρ = 0.30, p < 0.05). For nutrient export, 37.1% of the basin was in high-risk zones. Modeled monthly averages for the upstream and downstream nitrogen (NO₃) loads were 598 kg and 60,318 kg/month per subbasin, respectively. These results highlight nitrogen, in contrast to phosphorus and potassium, as one of the dominant contributors to non-point source pollution, demanding targeted nutrient management in agricultural zones.

PMID:41299005 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-025-14827-4

Sports Med. 2025 Nov 27. doi: 10.1007/s40279-025-02359-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study simulated the effect of reducing contact training duration on overall in-season head acceleration event (HAE) exposure within men’s and women’s rugby union.

METHODS: Players (n = 982) from two professional men’s and two semi-professional women’s competitions wore instrumented mouthguards in training and match-play for one season. Generalised linear mixed models were used to estimate the in-season weekly HAE exposures per position, sex and contact type. Simulation of modelled estimates evaluated the impact of reducing contact load guidelines by 25%, 50% and 75% (scenario 1), and replacing full contact training with controlled contact (scenario 2) or non-contact (scenario 3) training for different seasonal match exposures. Previously established contact load guidelines were used as a reference point.

RESULTS: HAEs were decreased by a maximum of 3.2 per week (0-95 HAEs per season; 0-23%). In scenario 1, the decrease in HAEs was disproportionately smaller than the reduction in contact training duration (e.g. 23.7% reduction in overall rugby minutes for 7% decrease in HAEs). Scenario 2 decreased HAEs similarly to scenario 1 but with no reduction in contact time. Scenario 3 decreased HAEs proportionally with contact time reductions (e.g. 8.9% decrease in HAEs >10 g for 9.6% reduction in overall rugby minutes).

CONCLUSIONS: HAEs were reduced in all scenarios, but the reduction was relatively small due to the low overall rate of HAEs in training. Policymakers should be aware of the tradeoffs involved in any change. Managing individuals with higher HAE exposures may be more appropriate than reducing contact training guidelines.

PMID:41298988 | DOI:10.1007/s40279-025-02359-3

Int J Clin Oncol. 2025 Nov 27. doi: 10.1007/s10147-025-02926-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Systematic pelvic and aortic lymphadenectomy in stage IIB-IVB patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, undergoing complete abdominal macroscopic resection with normal lymph nodes, was revealed to have no prognostic significance for survival in the LION trial. However, the proportion of patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) in the LION trial was only 2.2%, so the significance of systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in patients with OCCC remains unclear.

METHODS: We conducted an ancillary analysis of 619 patients enrolled in a randomized phase III trial (JGOG 3017) in patients with OCCC. Of these, 89 were stage IIB to IVB, underwent a complete macroscopic resection, and had no grossly enlarged lymph nodes intraoperatively. Patients were divided into two groups: group A with lymphadenectomy and group B without lymphadenectomy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) and the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model were used to compare the two groups.

RESULTS: Among the 89 patients, 77 (86.5%) underwent a lymphadenectomy (group A), while 12 (13.5%) did not (group B). Three-year PFS were 62.3% in group A and 58.3% in group B (p = 0.7705). Three-year OS were 73.0% in group A and 65.6% in group B (p = 0.6346). No significant differences were observed between two groups.

CONCLUSION: This study did not demonstrate a definitive survival benefit from systematic lymphadenectomy in advanced OCCC patients with complete resection and clinically negative nodes. Given the small sample size, these results should be interpreted with caution and regarded as exploratory.

PMID:41298960 | DOI:10.1007/s10147-025-02926-8