Tag: pubmed

Clin Transl Oncol. 2026 Jan 28. doi: 10.1007/s12094-025-04218-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study investigates the immunohistochemical expression of SLC48A1 and GLUT-1 in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and explores their potential association with the development of tumor. OSCC is a heterogeneous malignancy characterized by increased glycolysis and glucose oxidation. Heme plays a crucial role in oxidative metabolism and ATP production via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. SLC48A1 (solute carrier family 48 member 1) facilitates GLUT-1 trafficking, enhancing glucose uptake and lactate production, thereby promoting cancer cell migration and invasion. However, the relationship between SLC48A1, GLUT-1, and OSCC remains poorly understood.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded OSCC tissue samples and ten normal oral mucosa (NOM) were analyzed using immunohistochemistry to assess SLC48A1 and GLUT-1 expression. Staining intensity and distribution were correlated with histopathological grades. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate their association with tumor behavior.

RESULTS: GLUT-1 expression showed strong expression in cases of well-differentiated OSCC, supporting its association with tumor. SLC48A1 expression was also seen to be markedly elevated in few cases of poorly differentiated OSCC.

CONCLUSION: While GLUT-1 expression correlates directly with OSCC, SLC48A1 expression was not seen to be uniformly distributed across the different histological grades. Through this study, it has been proven that both markers hold diagnostic significance and the results of the present study may serve as a future milestone for exploring these markers as potential therapeutic target for disrupting cancer metabolism as well as to correlate with the progression in different grades of OSCC.

PMID:41604111 | DOI:10.1007/s12094-025-04218-z

Cardiol Ther. 2026 Jan 28. doi: 10.1007/s40119-026-00444-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The PRECISE-DAPT score is a useful tool for predicting the risk of bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) requiring dual antiplatelet therapy. We aimed to validate the PRECISE-DAPT score as a mid-term mortality predictor in acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

METHODS: All patients with ACS hospitalized between October 2018 and October 2023 were analyzed. Mortality data were acquired in cooperation with the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic. We used a standard PRECISE-DAPT threshold ≥ 25. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the predictive performance of the PRECISE-DAPT score for mortality with a mean follow-up of 1.9 years. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each ACS subtype and different antithrombotic strategy regimes at discharge to quantify discrimination ability, with higher values indicating better prediction.

RESULTS: We included 2953 patients with ACS. There were mostly men (69.1%, n = 2040), 37.1% ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI, n = 1095), 45.2% non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI, n = 1336) and 17.7% unstable angina pectoris (UAP, n = 522) patients. The mean age was 67.4 (SD 12.5) years. There were 78.4% patients treated by PCI (n = 2314). The PRECISE-DAPT score best predicts mortality in STEMI, AUC = 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] from 0.82 to 0.87), while its predictive ability is lower for NSTEMI, 0.78 (95% CI from 0.76 to 0.80) and UAP 0.75 (95% CI from 0.71 to 0.79). Antithrombotic treatment strategy at discharge does not influence the predictive ability of the PRECISE-DAPT score (AUC = 0.78, 071 and 0.72 for dual antiplatelet therapy, dual antithrombotic therapy, and triple therapy, respectively), p = 0.61.

CONCLUSIONS: The PRECISE-DAPT score may be used for predicting mid-term all-cause mortality in acute coronary syndrome, with the best predictive ability in STEMI. The standard threshold ≥ 25 maintain acceptable prognostic performance regardless of antithrombotic treatment strategy at discharge.

PMID:41604095 | DOI:10.1007/s40119-026-00444-w

Dig Dis Sci. 2026 Jan 28. doi: 10.1007/s10620-026-09690-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Relative Fat Mass (RFM), a simple metric calculated from height and waist circumference, is used to estimate total body fat percentage and is often considered a more precise indicator of adiposity than Body Mass Index (BMI). While RFM is a promising metric for assessing obesity and its associated health risks, its association with diarrhea remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the link between RFM and diarrhea prevalence by analyzing data from the 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between individuals with and without diarrhea regarding age, sex, educational attainment, poverty-income ratio (PIR), marital status, BMI, smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, physical activity, and RFM levels. Logistic regression analysis showed that each 1-unit increase in RFM was associated with a 7% higher risk of diarrhea (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03-1.11, P < 0.001). In quartile analysis, participants in the highest RFM quartile (Q4) had 2.39 times higher odds of diarrhea compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.24-4.61, P = 0.012). Subgroup analyses suggested that the association was more pronounced in populations with higher BMI and higher levels of physical activity. The ROC analysis yielded an AUC of 0.59 (95% CI: 0.57-0.61), indicating modest predictive value of RFM for diarrhea.

CONCLUSION: This study reveals that higher RFM is significantly associated with increased diarrhea prevalence, particularly among physically active individuals and those with elevated BMI. While RFM demonstrates modest predictive capability, these findings highlight its potential utility in identifying obesity-related gastrointestinal risks within diverse populations.

PMID:41604091 | DOI:10.1007/s10620-026-09690-3

Dig Dis Sci. 2026 Jan 28. doi: 10.1007/s10620-026-09701-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Clinically significant post-endoscopic mucosal resection bleeding (CSPEB) is one of the most common adverse events after EMR. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated the efficacy of prophylactic clipping after EMR of proximal, large (≥ 20 mm) nonpedunculated colon polyps.

METHODS: We reviewed several databases from inception to September 19, 2025. Outcomes of interest were CSPEB, perforation, post-polypectomy syndrome, and abdominal pain. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed based on trials conducted in specialized/high-volume tertiary referral settings vs mixed practice settings (including community and nonacademic hospitals).

RESULTS: There was no significant difference in risk of CSPEB between the groups RR, 0.59(95% CI 0.28, 1.23), τ² = 0.43, p = 0.16, I² = 65%. Subgroup analysis showed prophylactic clipping was associated with reduced CSPEB in trials conducted in specialized, high-volume tertiary referral settings, RR, 0.34 (95% CI 0.20, 0.57). However, trials conducted in mixed or community-based settings have not demonstrated a similar benefit, RR, 1.44 (95% CI 0.75, 2.78). Clipping corresponds to an ARR of 3.6%, yielding an NNT of 28. Certainty of evidence was low based on GRADE framework (due to inconsistency and imprecision). There was no statistically significant difference in risk of perforation between the groups RR, 0.68(95% CI 0.19, 2.41), τ² = 0, p = 0.55, I² = 0. Certainty of evidence was moderate (due to imprecision). There was no statistically significant difference in risk of post-polypectomy syndrome between the groups RR, 1.67(95% CI 0.47, 5.89), τ² = 0, p = 0.43, I² = 0. Certainty of evidence was moderate (due to imprecision). There was no statistically significant difference in abdominal pain rates between the groups RR, 1.00(95% CI 0.36, 2.71), p = 0.99, τ² = 0, I² = 0. Certainty of evidence was moderate (due to imprecision).

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that prophylactic clip closure after EMR of proximal large nonpedunculated colorectal polyps did not present a statistically significant reduction in CSPEB. However, prophylactic clipping was associated with reduced CSPEB in trials conducted in specialized, high-volume tertiary referral settings, whereas trials conducted in mixed or community-based settings have not demonstrated a similar benefit. Additional randomized controlled trials with standardized reporting of operator experience, center volume, and closure success are needed to clarify effectiveness across broader practice settings.

PMID:41604087 | DOI:10.1007/s10620-026-09701-3

Childs Nerv Syst. 2026 Jan 28;42(1):49. doi: 10.1007/s00381-026-07128-9.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study evaluated neurodevelopmental outcomes including cognitive, motor, language, and social functioning in children with craniosynostosis and examined the influence of suture type, syndromic status, timing of surgery, and raised intracranial pressure.

METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective study of 150 children (ages 3-12) with craniosynostosis was conducted using medical records and standardized neurodevelopmental tests. Statistical analyses included t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate regression.

RESULTS: Metopic synostosis was associated with slightly lower language and higher social impairment scores, but these differences were not significant after adjustment. Surgery before 9 months conferred ~5-point advantages in cognitive and motor outcomes, particularly in sagittal and coronal synostosis. Raised intracranial pressure, present in 13%, was linked to poorer outcomes.

CONCLUSION: Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with craniosynostosis are primarily influenced by syndromic status, timing of surgery, and raised intracranial pressure rather than suture type alone. Early surgical intervention before 9 months has been associated with improved cognitive and motor outcomes, supporting early referral and intervention.

PMID:41604010 | DOI:10.1007/s00381-026-07128-9

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2026 Jan 27. doi: 10.2174/0118715303389695251030101747. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Urethral stricture is a common urological disease characterized by a narrowing of the urethra leading to functional changes that reduce or completely block urine flow from the kidney to the bladder. This condition significantly affects the patient’s quality of life and can lead to serious complications, such as urethral dilatation and hydronephrosis, which may result in irreversible kidney failure if left untreated.

METHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted on 35 patients, treated for urethral stricture at the Department of Uro-nephrology Surgery, Ninh Thuan Province General Hospital, from January to October 2023.

RESULTS: All enrolled patients underwent urethral stricture endoscopic incision using holmium laser, and were followed up at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. The difference in the degree of hydronephrosis on CT scans before and after surgery at 3 months was statistically significant (p < 0.01).

DISCUSSION: To report the safety and efficacy outcomes of holmium laser urethrotomy for the treatment of urethral stricture, patients underwent internal urethrotomy with holmium laser energy, with an average age of 47.7 ± 15.8 years (range: 15-72 years). Thirty patients (85.7%) underwent urological surgery, 3 (8.6%) underwent obstetric and gynecological surgery, and 2 (5.7%) had unknown etiologic causes.

CONCLUSION: The use of the holmium laser for the management of urethral strictures has been found to be safe and effective, ensuring shorter operating times, a lower recurrence rate, and fewer serious postoperative complications.

PMID:41603220 | DOI:10.2174/0118715303389695251030101747

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2026 Jan 27. doi: 10.2174/0118715303418611251125045911. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic microvascular disease (DMiVD) involves dysregulated immune cell function, but the precise pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using comprehensive GWAS and FinnGen summary statistics, encompassing 731 immune cell phenotypes, 473 gut microbial taxa, 91 inflammatory proteins, 179 lipid types, 1,400 plasma metabolites, 20 micronutrients, and DMiVD cases. The analysis aimed to evaluate causal associations between these variables and DMiVD. We further explored potential mediating roles of gut microbiota, plasma lipidome, and metabolites using mediation analysis, with multiple sensitivity tests confirming the robustness of our findings.

RESULTS: We identified 20 immune cell phenotypes, 33 gut microbial taxa, 31 lipid types, and 83 plasma metabolites with significant causal associations with DMiVD. Mediation analysis revealed that the risk effect of CD3+ resting Tregs on diabetic nephropathy was partly mediated by phosphatidylcholine (16:0_18:2) (10.7%). Additionally, the protective effect of CX3CR1 on monocytes against DMiVD was partly mediated by Unclassified Bacilli A (35%), Species CAG-177 sp003538135 (22.6%), and triacylglycerol (52:6) (25.5%).

DISCUSSION: These findings advance understanding of DMiVD pathogenesis, highlighting that modulation of key metabolic pathways and immune regulatory nodes may represent promising therapeutic strategies. Further experimental studies are needed to validate these potential causal relationships.

CONCLUSION: Using causal inference approaches, this study identifies immune cell-mediated mechanisms underlying DMiVD, involving gut microbiota, plasma lipids, and metabolites. The results suggest potential intervention targets for mechanistic studies and therapeutic development.

PMID:41603219 | DOI:10.2174/0118715303418611251125045911

Curr Med Imaging. 2026 Jan 27. doi: 10.2174/0115734056419448251211063018. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Small gastrointestinal stromal tumors (SGISTs, maximum diameter≤2 cm) still carry a risk of malignancy, and their preoperative evaluation remains a significant challenge. Radiomics, an emerging technique for analyzing image data, has yet to be employed to assess the risk stratification of SGISTs. To develop and validate a CT radiomics model for the preoperative prediction of risk stratification in patients with SGISTs.

METHOD: This study enrolled 133 patients with SGISTs, including 97 in the low-grade group and 36 in the high-grade group. Patients were randomly assigned to a training set (n = 93) and a testing set (n = 40) at a ratio of 7:3. Radiomics features were extracted from preoperative CT images, and dimensionality reduction was performed using the LR-LASSO to identify the most predictive features for constructing the radiomics model. Clinical features were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to develop a clinical model. Subsequently, the optimal radiomics and clinical features were integrated to establish a combined model. Model performance was evaluated using ROC curve analysis, and a corresponding nomogram was generated to facilitate clinical application. The Delong test was used to compare the ROC curves, with a p-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Univariable clinical analysis identified maximal tumour diameter as the only significant predictor, with the clinical model achieving an AUC of 0.641 (95% CI: 0.533-0.748). Among the radiomics signatures derived from multiphase CT (non-contrast to delayed phases), the model based on portal venous phase images demonstrated the highest discriminative ability, yielding the best AUC values in both the training set (AUC = 0.848, 95% CI: 0.764-0.931) and the testing set (AUC = 0.824, 95% CI: 0.696-0.953). The combined model, which integrated radiomics features with maximum tumour diameter, demonstrated improved performance, attaining an AUC of 0.862 (95% CI: 0.743-0.975) in the training set and 0.859 (95% CI: 0.743-0.975) in the testing set. Notably, the predictive performance of both the radiomics and combined models was significantly greater than that of the clinical model (DeLong test, P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the AUC values of the radiomics and combined models. Calibration curves indicated a good fit, and the DCA demonstrated that both the radiomics model and the combined model provided greater clinical benefits.

DISCUSSION: The radiomics model demonstrated superior performance to the clinical model for the preoperative prediction of risk stratification in SGISTs. As a visualization tool, the nomogram of the combined model plays a critical role in optimizing early surgical resection decisions.

CONCLUSION: The radiomics model could serve as an effective tool for non-invasive risk stratification of SGISTs, offering clear advantages over risk stratification models based solely on conventional clinical parameters. This approach could support improved preoperative clinical decisionmaking.

PMID:41603218 | DOI:10.2174/0115734056419448251211063018

Neurourol Urodyn. 2026 Jan 28. doi: 10.1002/nau.70221. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Hemorrhagic radiation cystitis (HRC), a complication of pelvic radiation therapy, results from hypoxic and ischemic injury and causes urinary symptoms like hematuria, dysuria, frequency, urgency, and retention. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT), where patients breathe 100% oxygen at increased atmospheric pressure, enhances tissue oxygenation, promoting neovascularization and reducing inflammation. The optimal pressure remains unclear, though pressures above 1.41 ATA are efficacious, with higher pressures increasing side effect risks. This study compares the efficacy and side effects of 2.0 versus 2.5 ATA therapy at two sites.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 93 patients treated for HRC at two sites was conducted. Data on demographics, efficacy (symptom reduction), and side effects were analyzed using GraphPad Prism. Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. Mixed effects logistic regression models were used.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Fewer patients treated at 2.5 ATA experienced gross hematuria within 1-year post-therapy compared to those treated at 2.0 ATA (p < 0.05). However, time to hematuria recurrence showed no difference between the groups (10.2 vs. 9.6 months). No difference was observed in other urinary symptoms. Adverse events were increased at 2.5 ATA when analyzed with a mixed effects logistic regression model. Other treatment parameters, including treatment number and duration, were similar across groups. These findings suggest an association between 2.5 ATA treatment and lower rates of hematuria recurrence, but further randomized studies are necessary to determine causality. Future studies should also assess quality of life and explore variations in treatment protocol for efficacy and safety.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: As this is a retrospective study, no clinical trial registration is necessary.

PMID:41603214 | DOI:10.1002/nau.70221

Neurourol Urodyn. 2026 Jan 28. doi: 10.1002/nau.70218. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bladder filling rate has the potential to significantly impact the results of a urodynamics study (UDS). The International Continence Society (ICS) recommends two methods to determine the filling rate: Body weight divided by 4 (BW/4) and 10% of maximum voided volume (MVV) (10%MVV) from a bladder diary. However, there is no evidence if one method is superior to the other.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included patients undergoing UDS for non-neurological diseases, and the filling rate was calculated using both formulas. The study cohort consisted predominantly of patients with voiding lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). All the patients underwent UDS twice-once with the filling rate calculated by BW/4 method and once with the 10% MVV method. All UDS parameters, including the maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) were recorded and compared between the two methods used to calculate the fill rates. The MCC recorded during the UDS, with both methods, was further compared with the patient’s MVV documented on the bladder diary to assess its accuracy.

RESULTS: The study included 31 patients, and the calculated fill rate by the BW/4 method was 16 mL/min, and that with 10%MVV was 33 mL/min. The MCC on the UDS was 323 mL (IQR: 238-422) for the BW/4 method and 348 mL (IQR: 236-430) for the 10% MVV method, with no statistically significant difference from the MVV as recorded on the bladder diary (p = 0.961 and p= 0.549, respectively). Other urodynamic parameters, including first sensation, first desire to void, strong desire, bladder compliance, and detrusor overactivity, also showed no significant variation between the two methods to calculate the filling rate.

CONCLUSION: Both the BW/4 and 10% MVV formulas provide reliable estimates of MCC and do not significantly alter the urodynamic parameters. While the BW/4 method better aligns with the physiological filling rates, the 10% MVV method can result in faster filling and shorter duration of the urodynamic study, without adversely affecting its quality. These findings, however, may not apply to patients with storage LUTS, and studies in more diverse populations are warranted.

PMID:41603208 | DOI:10.1002/nau.70218