Tag: pubmed

J Geriatr Oncol. 2026 Jan 29;17(2):102895. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2026.102895. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Older adults represent a growing proportion of patients with cancer. However, confirmatory randomized controlled trials (RCTs) continue to rely primarily on tumor-based endpoints such as overall survival (OS), which may overlook outcomes particularly important to older adults, including quality of life (QOL), functional status, and treatment tolerance. This review aimed to systematically characterize the primary endpoints used in confirmatory RCTs enrolling adults aged ≥65 years and to evaluate how novel endpoints reflecting patient priorities were defined and analyzed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were searched for English-language confirmatory RCTs exclusively enrolling adults aged ≥65 years with cancer and reporting a primary endpoint (up to January 19, 2024). Endpoints were classified as conventional (tumor-based) or novel (non-tumor-based). Data were extracted on endpoint definitions, measurement tools, and statistical approaches.

RESULTS: Of 822 records identified, 66 RCTs met the eligibility criteria, yielding 71 primary endpoints. Conventional outcomes predominated (n = 53; 74.6%), with OS being the most frequent, followed by progression-free survival and disease-free survival. Novel endpoints (n = 18; 25.3%) included health-related QOL (HR-QOL), toxicity, geriatric assessment-based measures, composite endpoints, and patient satisfaction. HR-QOL was most commonly assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30. Definitions of toxicity and functional decline varied across studies. Variance assumptions were rarely reported, and minimal clinically important differences were inconsistently applied. Additional endpoints, such as quality-adjusted survival, overall treatment utility, and disability-free survival, were infrequently reported.

DISCUSSION: Survival remains the predominant endpoint in confirmatory RCTs involving older adults with cancer, while patient-relevant outcomes are inconsistently incorporated. Addressing these gaps may facilitate more patient-centered trial designs and improve the real-world applicability of research findings for the aging cancer population.

PMID:41616435 | DOI:10.1016/j.jgo.2026.102895

J Electrocardiol. 2026 Jan 24;95:154198. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2026.154198. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder causing progressive degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscles due to dystrophin deficiency. Cardiac involvement ranges from mild to severe, including heart failure, arrhythmias, conduction defects, and sudden cardiac death.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate early markers of cardiac repolarization abnormalities in DMD patients by analyzing standard 12‑lead ECG parameters-QT interval, corrected QT (QTc), T peak to T end (Tp-e), Tp-e/QT, and Tp-e/QTc ratios-and microvolt T-wave alternans (MTWA) from 24-h Holter monitoring.

METHODS: Seventy-four individuals participated: 39 DMD patients and 35 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Data on demographics, ambulation status, ECG, and Holter recordings were collected and compared. All participants underwent standard 12‑lead electrocardiography and 24-h Holter electrocardiogram monitoring. ECG measurements were performed manually by a blinded operator using standardized techniques. Holter recordings were collected and compared (analyzable data obtained from 33 patients and 34 controls). The QTc interval was calculated using Bazett’s formula. Correlation analyses and statistical comparisons between groups were performed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests.

RESULTS: DMD patients exhibited significantly higher resting heart rates. The Tp-e interval was similar between groups, while the QT interval was significantly shorter in the patient group, the QTc interval showed no significant difference between groups. Tp-e/QT ratio was higher in the patient group; Tp-e/QTc ratios showed no difference. The QTc interval was significantly prolonged in the non-ambulatory DMD group. MTWA values did not differ significantly between groups. Due to the limited sample size and absence of established pediatric reference values, MTWA findings must be considered inconclusive.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our study reveals subtle repolarization alterations in DMD patients, including elevated resting heart rate and a trend toward increased Tp-e/QT ratio. While these findings do not yet establish a definitive arrhythmic phenotype, they suggest the presence of early electrophysiological changes that may warrant longitudinal cardiac evaluation. Prospective follow-up studies are essential to determine the prognostic significance of these parameters and their relationship to clinical arrhythmic outcomes in the pediatric DMD population.

PMID:41616430 | DOI:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2026.154198

J Pediatr Nurs. 2026 Jan 29;87:306-313. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2026.01.031. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the relationships among marital satisfaction, maternal attachment, and maternal burnout, and to evaluate the mediating role of maternal burnout in the relationship between marital satisfaction and maternal attachment.

METHOD: Data were collected from 301 mothers with infants aged 0-12 months. Information was obtained using a Mother and Infant Descriptive Information Form, the Maternal Burnout Scale, the Marital Satisfaction Scale, and the Maternal Attachment Inventory. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Scale reliability was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha, relationships between variables were examined using Pearson correlation analysis, and path analysis was conducted for model testing. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.

RESULTS: Maternal burnout and marital satisfaction were at moderate levels, while maternal attachment was high. The path model showed good fit indices, and maternal burnout played a significant mediating role in the relationship between marital satisfaction and maternal attachment. Marital duration, child’s gender, number of children, and child’s age were variables influencing the model. Marital satisfaction was negatively correlated with maternal burnout and positively correlated with maternal attachment. Maternal burnout and maternal attachment were also significantly negatively correlated.

CONCLUSION: Increased marital satisfaction was associated with lower maternal burnout, which in turn positively affected the mother-infant bond. Supporting couple relationships and addressing mothers’ psychosocial needs may improve maternal and infant health during early parenting.

IMPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE: Integrating psychosocial and relational screening into postpartum care and involving partners in interventions may help reduce maternal burnout and strengthen mother-infant attachment.

PMID:41616417 | DOI:10.1016/j.pedn.2026.01.031

J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2026 Jan 27;94:127826. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2026.127826. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Trace elements such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are essential dietary components that support a broad range of biochemical and physiological functions. Despite being required in trace amounts, disturbances in their homeostasis can lead to a wide range of health issues. Their assessment in biological matrices, including hair, in companion animals continues to be explored as a means of understanding nutritional status, environmental exposure, and pathological conditions. However, data for companion animals remain limited. This study evaluated the influence of selected individual (sex, age) and environmental (diet type, living environment) factors on Fe, Zn, and Cu concentrations in the hair of clinically healthy dogs and cats living in Bucharest, Romania. Elemental quantification was performed using ICP-MS following acid digestion. Median concentrations were compared using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and associations among elements were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation with Benjamini-Hochberg correction (FDR 0.05) to control for false discoveries. Dogs exhibited significantly higher hair Fe (168.29 µg/g) and Cu (6.99 µg/g) concentrations than cats (57.67 µg/g Fe; 5.86 µg/g Cu), whereas Zn levels were similar between species (93.12 µg/g in dogs; 101.20 µg/g in cats). Sex, age, and diet type showed no significant influence on Fe, Zn, or Cu in either species. In contrast, the living environment significantly affected Fe levels: dogs kept outdoors had markedly higher Fe concentrations (312.21 µg/g) than indoor dogs (78.31 µg/g), and the same pattern was observed in cats (111.05 µg/g in outdoor cats; 40.52 µg/g in indoor cats), while Zn and Cu remained unaffected. All pairwise correlations among Fe, Zn, and Cu were positive and remained statistically significant after FDR correction. Zn-Cu demonstrated the strongest association in both species (ρ = 0.773 in dogs; ρ = 0.883 in cats), with cats showing overall stronger inter-element correlations than dogs. These findings contribute to the limited reference data on companion animal hair mineral profiles and highlight the potential value of hair analysis for exploring environmental influences and trace element interactions in dogs and cats.

PMID:41616405 | DOI:10.1016/j.jtemb.2026.127826

Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2026 Jan 23;77:152925. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2026.152925. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) can affect any organ, but coronary artery involvement (CAI) is a potentially life-threatening manifestation of this disease. In this scoping review, we critically appraised the literature on IgG4-related CAI, aiming to explore clinical, radiological and histopathological characteristics as well as treatment strategies and prognosis.

METHODS: A comprehensive search was performed on January 02, 2025 in PubMed® to identify studies describing individuals with IgG4-related CAI, including both coronaritis (true arteritis of the coronary vessel wall) and periarteritis (peri-coronary involvement), and considering case reports, case series, retrospective cohort studies and observational studies. Two reviewers independently conducted the revision of literature under the guidance of the methodologist to identify eligible studies. Data extraction included clinical presentation, imaging findings, histopathology, treatment, and outcomes. Given the heterogeneity of the studies, descriptive statistical analysis was used whenever possible to summarise the data.

RESULTS: Out of 964 screened references, 143 articles met the above-mentioned inclusion criteria. Most CAI cases were included in case reports (90.2 %), 7 % in case series and 2.8 % in retrospective cohort studies or observational studies. CAI predominantly affected males in the sixth decade of life and frequently coexisted with aortic and large vessel involvement. All segments of the coronary arterial tree could be involved, even the smallest branches. Images detected by various methods revealed several types of lesions: stenosis, wall-thickening, aneurysm, ectasia, pseudotumor, pseudoaneurysm, dissection, and soft tissue masses. Increase serum IgG4 levels and increased inflammatory markers were reported. Histopathology was consistent with IgG4-RD in all coronary samples obtained. Glucocorticoid therapy, alone or combined with immunosuppressants and/or surgical interventions, was the most commonly reported treatment. Rituximab seemed to be an effective therapy for IgG4-related CAI even without associated glucocorticoids. Despite treatment, relapse and progression of coronary lesions were noted in some cases.

CONCLUSIONS: Early identification and multidisciplinary management og IgG4-related CAI are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Available data on the response to various treatments are limited, as dedicated coronary artery imaging was not consistently obtained soon enough after treatment to assess response. In addition, long-term follow-up was not available for all patients. Further studies are required to understand the real prevalence, natural history, optimal diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches for this serious condition.

PMID:41616384 | DOI:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2026.152925

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2026 Jan 30;14:e70534. doi: 10.2196/70534.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) guidelines recommend early postoperative mobilization to reduce complications, but adherence is often suboptimal, highlighting the need for effective tools to monitor and encourage movement. The Mindray enhanced patient monitoring (ePM)/electrophysiology (ep) pod, capable of tracking activity, vital signs, sleep, and pain, offers high-precision postoperative monitoring and is well-suited for research on activity feedback.

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to assess whether wearable device-based (ePM/ep pod) activity feedback could reduce postoperative complications within 30 days of colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery.

METHODS: We conducted an open-label, evaluator-blind, randomized controlled trial involving patients aged ≥18 years scheduled for CRC surgery. Patients were randomized to a feedback group or a control group. Both groups were set the same target activity time postoperatively based on ERAS guidelines. The feedback group received real-time visual feedback of movement time daily through the ePM/ep pod device, while the control group did not receive feedback. The primary outcome was the comprehensive complication index (CCI) within postoperative 30 days. Secondary outcomes included daily activity time, pain Numeric Rating Scale scores for rest and movement during the first 3 postoperative days, length of stay, percentage of reaching the scheduled mobilization target, 30-day postoperative mortality rate, and the times of first exhaust and defecation.

RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-nine patients were recruited between February 2023 and September 2023, with 216 randomized (n=108 for each group). There was no significant difference in CCI within 30 postoperative days between the control group (median CCI 0, range 0-20.90) and the activity feedback group (median CCI 0, range 0-12.20). The estimated mean difference was -0.59 (95% CI -3.56 to 2.38; P=.66). Sensitivity analysis excluding patients with low device compliance did not alter these findings. No significant differences between groups were found in daily activity time, length of hospital stay, or pain scores. Post hoc analysis revealed significant negative correlations between 30-day CCI and activity on the second day after operation (r=-0.166) and the third day after operation (POD3) (r=-0.264; P<.05 for both). Linear regression indicated that POD3 activity significantly reduced CCI (β=-.025; 95% CI -0.045 to -0.006; P=.01), with peak CCI reduction at 215 minutes of activity.

CONCLUSIONS: In the context of ERAS, this study found no evidence that activity stimulation based on feedback from the wearable device (ePM/ep pod) could reduce 30-day postoperative CCI in patients undergoing CRC surgery. However, the ePM/ep pod could accurately record daily activity duration, which may be negatively correlated with CCI on POD3.

PMID:41616372 | DOI:10.2196/70534

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jan 16;136(2):021001. doi: 10.1103/k5yr-3h6d.

ABSTRACT

We present the tightest cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing constraints to date on the growth of structure by combining CMB lensing measurements from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), the South Pole Telescope (SPT), and Planck. Each of these surveys individually provides lensing measurements with similarly high statistical power, achieving signal-to-noise ratios of approximately 40. The combined lensing band powers represent the most precise CMB lensing power spectrum measurement to date with a signal-to-noise ratio of 61 and an amplitude of A_{lens}^{recon}=1.025±0.017 with respect to the theory prediction from the best-fit CMB Planck-ACT cosmology. The band powers from all three lensing datasets, analyzed jointly, yield a 1.6% measurement of the parameter combination S_{8}^{CMBL}≡σ_{8}(Ω_{m}/0.3)^{0.25}=0.825_{-0.013}^{+0.015}. Including dark energy spectroscopic instrument baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data improves the constraint on the amplitude of matter fluctuations to σ_{8}=0.829±0.009 (a 1.1% determination). When combining with uncalibrated supernovae from Pantheon+, we present a 4% sound-horizon-independent estimate of H_{0}=66.4±2.5 km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}. The joint lensing constraints on structure growth and present-day Hubble rate are fully consistent with a ΛCDM model fit to the primary CMB data from Planck and ACT. While the precise upper limit is sensitive to the choice of data and underlying model assumptions, when varying the neutrino mass sum within the ΛCDM cosmological model, the combination of primary CMB, BAO, and CMB lensing drives the probable upper limit for the mass sum towards lower values, comparable to the minimum mass prior required by neutrino oscillation experiments.

PMID:41616358 | DOI:10.1103/k5yr-3h6d

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jan 16;136(2):021801. doi: 10.1103/4c4g-31zx.

ABSTRACT

By analyzing a data sample of e^{+}e^{-} collisions with center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=3.773 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.9 fb^{-1} collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, we study semileptonic decays of the D^{0(+)} mesons into the axial-vector meson b_{1}(1235) via the decay b_{1}(1235)→ωπ. The decay D^{0}→b_{1}(1235)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e} is observed with a significance of 5.2σ after considering systematic uncertainty, while evidence for the decay D^{+}→b_{1}(1235)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e} is obtained with a 3.1σ significance. The product branching fractions are determined to be B[D^{0}→b_{1}(1235)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}]×B[b_{1}(1235)^{-}→ωπ^{-}]=(0.72±0.18_{-0.08}^{+0.06})×10^{-4} and B[D^{+}→b_{1}(1235)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e}]×B[b_{1}(1235)^{0}→ωπ^{0}]=(1.16±0.44±0.16)×10^{-4}, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The ratio of their partial decay widths is determined to be {Γ[D^{0}→b_{1}(1235)^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}]/2Γ[D^{+}→b_{1}(1235)^{0}e^{+}ν_{e}]}=0.78±0.19_{-0.05}^{+0.04}, which is consistent with unity, predicted by isospin invariance, within uncertainties.

PMID:41616357 | DOI:10.1103/4c4g-31zx

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jan 16;136(2):021802. doi: 10.1103/k2mk-mffq.

ABSTRACT

Compton scattering is a fundamental process in QED with broad applications, yet its theoretical description at high energies is challenged by substantial next-to-leading order corrections arising from double-logarithmic enhancements. To address this, we report the first calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) total cross section with full electron mass dependence. Our analysis reveals that the NNLO correction, albeit still containing double logarithms, is numerically small due to a suppressing prefactor. By identifying the origin of these logarithms in a kinematic regime featuring a Glauber electron exchange, we successfully resum the leading logarithmic series to all orders, obtaining a compact result in terms of a modified Bessel function. The all-order structure reveals a suppression mechanism, which explains the rapid convergence of higher-order contributions. The combination of our NNLO calculation and all-orders resummation delivers a reliable and precise prediction, poised to serve the needs of high-precision experiments in the foreseeable future.

PMID:41616355 | DOI:10.1103/k2mk-mffq

Phys Rev Lett. 2026 Jan 16;136(2):020401. doi: 10.1103/6msb-cxbc.

ABSTRACT

Ergodicity, the property that all allowed configurations are explored over time, plays a pivotal role in explaining the equilibrium behavior of classical dynamical systems. Yet, such a property is typically precluded in quantum systems owing to stationary energy eigenstates. However, recent theoretical works have argued that ergodic explorations of the Hilbert space, occurring at varying levels as measured by statistical pseudorandomness of the time-evolved states, may happen for aperiodic driven quantum systems. Here, we experimentally investigate the hierarchy of Hilbert-space ergodicities (HSEs) achievable in the dynamics of a single spin. Through subjecting a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond to various time-dependent modulations and continuously monitoring the spin trajectories with full state tomography, different degrees of HSE were observed, ranging from no HSE in a time-periodic drive, to partial HSE in a smoothly kicked time-quasiperiodic drive, to complete HSE in an aperiodic Fibonacci drive. We formulate a theoretical understanding of the increasing levels of HSE by attributing them to increasing levels of complexity associated with the drive sequences. Our Letter provides the first unambiguous experimental evidence of Hilbert space ergodicity, promoting deeper investigations into the mechanisms and fine-grained levels with which closed quantum systems reach equilibrium.

PMID:41616353 | DOI:10.1103/6msb-cxbc