Tag: pubmed

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Mar 17;156:111112. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111112. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To reveal the risk situations of ROP patients in terms of hearing loss by examining the newborn hearing screening test results.

METHODS: Hearing screening test results of ROP patients and newborns with similar congenital risk factors(control group) treated in our hospital were retrospectively screened. Both groups were compared in terms of newborn hearing screening test results.

RESULTS: In the first screening test, the rate of ”refer” result in the ROP group was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of second hearing screening test results (p > 0.05). In the second screening test, 100% of stage 3 ROP patients failed from the right ear and 80% in the left ear, and this difference was statistically significant compared to the other two groups (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Newborn hearing screenings of patients with advanced stage ROP patients should be followed up more sensitively, since stage 3 ROP patients had more failure results from the screening test in our study.

PMID:35325847 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111112

Seizure. 2022 Mar 15;97:43-49. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.03.010. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Children with drug-resistant focal epilepsy have a compromised quality of life. Epilepsy surgery can control or significantly reduce the seizures. We assessed and compared the usefulness of PISCOM, a new nuclear imaging processing technique, with SISCOM and 18F-FDG PET (FDG-PET) in pre-surgical evaluation of paediatric drug-resistant focal epilepsy.

METHODS: Twenty-two children with pharmcorefractory epilepsy, mainly extratemporal, who had undergone pre-surgical assessment including SISCOM and FDG-PET and with postsurgical favorable outcome (Engel class I or II) for at least two years, were included in this proof-of-concept study. All abnormalities observed in SISCOM, FDG-PET and PISCOM were compared with each other and with the known epileptogenic zone (EZ) based on surgical treatment, histopathologic and surgical outcome results. Global interobserver agreement, Cohen’s Kappa coeficient and PABAK statistic were calculated for each technique.

RESULTS: PISCOM concordance with the known EZ was significantly higher than SISCOM (p<0.05), and no statistically differences were found with FDG-PET. PISCOM showed successful identification in 19 of 22 cases (86%), successful concordant with FDG-PET in 17 (77%), and SISCOM in 11 (50%). If we consider PISCOM and FDG-PET results together, both techniques successfully localized the known EZ in all cases. The measures of agreement between two experts in nuclear medicine were higher in PISCOM than in SISCOM and FDG-PET.

CONCLUSION: PISCOM could provide complementary presurgical information in drug-resistant paediatric focal epilepsy, particularly in cases in which FDG-PET is doubtful or negative, replacing SISCOM and sparing the use of interictal SPECT.

PMID:35325841 | DOI:10.1016/j.seizure.2022.03.010

Phytomedicine. 2022 Mar 16;100:154051. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154051. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Yinzhihuang granule, consisting of extracts of Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Lonicera japonica Thunb., and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a well-known traditional Chinese patent medicine for patients with liver injury in China. However, the effects and safety of its use for pathologic jaundice in newborns require further systematic evaluation.

PURPOSE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yinzhihuang granules for the treatment of neonatal pathologic jaundice and to provide clinical evidence.

METHODS: Chinese databases (China Network Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Database, and VIP Database) and English databases (PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane Library) were thoroughly investigated through screening randomized controlled trials on Yinzhihuang granules for neonatal pathologic jaundice from the establishment of all databases to November 18, 2021. A meta-analysis was performed for selected data using STATA software. TSA software was used for trial sequential analyses of the total effective rate and adverse reactions.

RESULTS: A total of 19 trials and 2,221 newborns with pathologic jaundice were included in this study. Outcome measures of clinical efficacy in the experimental group were higher than in controls, including total bilirubin (WMD = -30.34, 95% CI = -35.44 to -25.23, p < 0.001), direct bilirubin (WMD = -15.03, 95% CI = -23.54 to -6.52, p < 0.001), indirect bilirubin (WMD = -11.22, 95% CI = -17.50 to -4.95, p < 0.001), recovery time (WMD = -2.96, 95% CI = -3.92 to -2.00, p < 0.001), hospitalization time (WMD = -3.83, 95% CI = -4.89 to -2.76, p < 0.001), and liver function indices. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups. Likewise, the incidence of adverse reactions, including diarrhea, erythra, and fever decreased remarkably in the trial group (RR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.59, p < 0.001). Publication bias did not exist. We verified the efficacy and safety of Yinzhihuang granules with phototherapy for pathologic jaundice in newborns according using TSA analysis.

CONCLUSION: Yinzhihuang granules with phototherapy for neonatal pathologic jaundice are more effective than phototherapy alone. The incidence of ADRs does not increase with the application of Yinzhihuang granules. Due to the heterogeneity across the included studies, additional multicenter clinical trials with follow-ups are needed to confirm our findings.

PMID:35325827 | DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154051

Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2022 Mar 21;242:113962. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113962. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is a method used to extract unconventional natural gas (UNG). Living near UNG operations has been associated with various health outcomes, but few have explored the association between UNG and mental health and substance use. Our objective was to evaluate the association between metrics of residential UNG well density/proximity and mental illness and substance use among pregnant individuals in Northeastern British Columbia, Canada.

METHODS: Individuals who gave birth at the Fort St John hospital between December 30, 2006 and December 29, 2016 (n = 6278) were included in the study. Exposure was determined using inverse distance weighting (IDW) to calculate the density and proximity of UNG wells to the postal code centroid ofindividual’s residential address at delivery. Four exposure metrics, categorized by quartiles, were calculated based on 50, 10, 5 and 2.5 km buffer zones around each postal code centroid. Logistic regression was used to separately evaluate associations between IDW quartiles of each metric and diagnosis of depression and anxiety prior to or during pregnancy, and self-reported substance use during pregnancy, controlling for relevant and available confounders.

RESULTS: The second and third quartile (Q) of the 10 km IDW were associated with greater odds of depression (Q2: adjusted (aOR) 1.30, 95% (confidence interval) CI 1.03-1.64; Q3: aOR 1.35, 95% CI 1.07-1.70) compared to the first quartile, but not the fourth. Using the 5 km IDW, we observed a suggestive positive association with depression in the second and third quartile (aOR Q2: 1.21, 95% CI 0.96-1.53; aOR Q3: 1.24, 95% CI 0.98-1.57) compared to the first quartile. No statistically significant association was observed using the 2.5 km IDW exposure metric.

CONCLUSION: We observed some evidence of greater odds of mental illness prior to or during pregnancy, and substance use during pregnancy in pregnant individuals living in postal codes with increased UNG well density/proximity, although associations were not observed in smaller buffer zones. This study adds to the growing literature on the adverse health outcomes surrounding living in proximity to UNG operations.

PMID:35325816 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113962

EBioMedicine. 2022 Mar 21;78:103956. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103956. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The BCN02-trial combined therapeutic vaccination with a viral latency reversing agent (romidepsin, RMD) in HIV-1-infected individuals and included a monitored antiretroviral pause (MAP) as an efficacy read-out identifying individuals with an early or late (< or > 4weeks) viral-rebound. Integrated -omics analyses were applied prior treatment interruption to identify markers of virus control during MAP.

METHODS: PBMC, whole-genome DNA methylation and transcriptomics were assessed in 14 BCN02 participants, including 8 Early and 4 Late viral-rebound individuals. Chromatin state, histone marks and integration analysis (histone-3 acetylation (H3Ac), viral load, proviral levels and HIV-specific T cells responses) were included. REDUC-trial samples (n = 5) were included as a control group for RMD administration alone.

FINDINGS: DNA methylation imprints after receiving the complete intervention discriminated Early versus Late viral-rebound individuals before MAP. Also, differential chromatin accessibility and histone marks at DNA methylation level were detected. Importantly, the differential DNA methylation positions (DMPs) between Early and Late rebounders before MAP were strongly associated with viral load, proviral levels as well as the HIV-specific T-cell responses. Most of these DMPs were already present prior to the intervention and accentuated after RMD infusion.

INTERPRETATION: This study identifies host DNA methylation profiles and epigenetic cascades that are predictive of subsequent virus control in a kick-and-kill HIV cure strategy.

FUNDING: European Union Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation under Grant Agreement N°681137-EAVI2020 and N°847943-MISTRAL, the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2017_89726_R), and the National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Program Grant P01-AI131568.

PMID:35325780 | DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103956

Eur J Radiol. 2022 Mar 18;150:110267. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110267. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the inter-reader agreement of the Prostate imaging quality (PI-QUAL) for multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).

METHODS: We included 66 men who underwent 1.5 T mpMRI in June 2020-July 2020 in center 1, with no exclusion criteria. mpMRI included multiplanar T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCE). Two readers from center 2 (experience <1000 to >1500 examinations), blinded to clinical history but not to acquisition parameters, independently assessed PI-QUAL qualitative/anatomical items of each mpMRI sequence, final PI-QUAL score (1-5), and the Prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2.1 (PI-RADSv2.1) category of the index lesion. Cohen’s kappa statistics (k) or prevalence-adjusted-bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) were used to calculate the inter-reader agreement in assessing the PI-QUAL (1-to-5 scale and 1-2 versus 3 versus 4-5), the diagnostic quality of each mpMRI sequence, qualitative/anatomical items, and PI-RADSv2.1 category.

RESULTS: The inter-reader agreement for PI-QUAL category was moderate upon 1-5 scale (k = 0.55; 95%CI 0.39-0.71) or 1-3 scale (k = 0.51; 95%CI 0.29-0.72), with 90.9% examinations categorized PI-QUAL ≥ 3 by readers. The agreement in assessing a sequence as diagnostic was higher for T2WI (k = 0.76) than DCE (PABAK = 0.61) and DWI (k = 0.46), ranging moderate-to-substantial for most of the items. Readers provided comparable PI-RADSv2.1 categorization (k = 0.88 [excellent agreement]; 95%CI 0.81-0.96), with most PI-RADSv2.1 ≥ 3 assignments found in PI-QUAL ≥ 3 examinations (43/46 by reader 1, and 47/47 by reader 2).

CONCLUSIONS: The reproducibility of PI-QUAL was moderate. Higher PI-QUAL scores were associated with excellent inter-reader agreement for PI-RADSv2.1 categorization.

PMID:35325773 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110267

J Biomech. 2022 Mar 12;135:111048. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111048. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Musculoskeletal modeling is commonly used to simulate and compare various movements between individuals. For conditions such as femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS), individuals tend to walk with more anterior pelvic tilt than those without FAIS. However, it is unknown whether accounting for pelvic tilt in musculoskeletal modeling would lead to a change in muscle forces and in turn, joint forces. Gait data of six individuals were collected and processed using Vicon and Visual3D. Each participant’s pelvic tilt was adjusted by ± 10° at all time points during gait. Three analyses were performed per individual: no adjustment in tilt, one posterior (positive) tilt, and one anterior (negative) tilt. The resulting data were imported into OpenSim to determine muscle forces and the resulting femur-on-acetabulum (hip joint) forces in the pelvic and femoral reference frames. Data for each participant were normalized for gait cycle and body weight in MATLAB, and statistical parametric mapping was used to determine if the differences in joint and muscle forces were significant across different pelvic orientations. Shifting from posterior to anterior pelvic tilt reduced resultant forces. In the pelvic reference frame, anteriorly-directed joint forces decreased, while medially-directed forces increased. In the femoral reference frame, anteriorly- and medially-directed joint forces increased, while superiorly-directed forces decreased. Anterior gluteus medius and iliacus muscle forces decreased, while quadratus femoris, piriformis, and gemellus muscle forces increased. Given these results, future studies using musculoskeletal modeling should account for pelvic tilt in musculoskeletal models to obtain more realistic comparisons between healthy and pathological conditions.

PMID:35325751 | DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111048

Res Vet Sci. 2022 Mar 18;146:53-59. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.03.012. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Variations in Cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein (CISH) gene influence human susceptibility to common infectious diseases, but little is known about CISH in swine. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine porcine CISH (pCISH) mRNA expression level in different tissues of piglets, 2) predict putative functional genetic variations within pCISH, 3) investigate the association between a identified variation in the 3’UTR and piglets phenotype traits in Min (n = 226) and Landrace (n = 186) population, and explore the function of this variation. Results of quantitative PCR showed pCISH mRNA expressed in all the collected tissues with higher level in lung and ileum than colon (p < 0.05). In-silico analysis indicated none of the functional ns-SNPs existed in pCISH coding region. Results from the characterizing of 3’UTR presented a novel 12-bp insertion/deletion (indel) mutation. Statistical analysis demonstrated that this 12-bp indel associated with piglets diarrhea score in the Landrace population, and animals with AA genotype (12-bp insertion) presented lower diarrhea score when compared with BB (p < 0.05) or AB (p < 0.01) carriers. The in vitro study indicated that the luciferase activity of reconstruct plasmid psiCHECK-2-CISH-AA or psiCHECK-2-CISH-BB was significantly lower than the negative control (p < 0.05), and luciferase activity of psiCHECK-2-CISH-AA was higher than that of the psiCHECK-2-CISH-BB (p < 0.05). Although results herein suggested the 12-bp indel might affect Landrace piglet susceptibility to diarrhea, further association studies in more populations are needed before this preliminary finding could be used for pig breeding.

PMID:35325756 | DOI:10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.03.012

Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022 Mar 8;60:103732. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103732. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the disease burden and health economics of inpatients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in China by evaluating the direct, indirect, and intangible costs.

METHODS: A total of 863 patients were included for a cross-sectional retrospective study in 50 centers. The direct economic burden was measured by the cost of hospitalization and out-of-hospital application drugs, and the indirect economic burden was measured by the human capital method. The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) was used to express the intangible economic burden. Cost-utility analysis (CUA) using DALYs as indicators of health benefits was performed by calculating the incremental cost-utility ratio.

RESULTS: The mean direct economic burden/year, daily medication expenses/year, DALY, indirect economic burden, and indirect economic burden/year were 27,655.57 Yuan, 17,944.97 Yuan, 10.89 Yuan, 512,041.7 Yuan, and 11,299.85 Yuan, respectively. For the study period of two years, the direct economic burden, daily medication expense, and indirect economic burden were 48.6%, 31.5%, and 19.85% of the total economic burden, respectively. Disease burden and the number of episodes of remission were not statistically significant (p>0.001). The direct economic burden and total economic burden of the disease-modifying therapy (DMT) group were higher than those of the non-DMT group, but DALYs had no statistical significance (p>0.001). CUA showed that inpatients with MS in the DMT group received a DALY every time compared with the non-DMT group.

CONCLUSION: The DALY losses are concentrated in young and middle-aged Chinese people. In this two-year study, CUA prompted the application of DMT drugs to increase the economic burden and DALYs. However, follow-up time is still short, and further follow-up observation is required.

PMID:35325723 | DOI:10.1016/j.msard.2022.103732

Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2022 Mar 6;13(3):101935. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101935. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Understanding factors that shape tick population genetic structure is important as they may be exploited in crafting strategies for vector control. Amblyomma tholloni, or “elephant tick” is a three-host tick whose adults preferentially parasitize African elephants. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of fragmentation of the host populations on the genetic structure of this tick species from different ecosystems in Kenya, using the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) loci. Population genetic analysis of ticks collected from four elephant populations using ITS-2 and CO1 loci revealed high gene diversity. Gene diversity at the ITS-2 locus was 0.91 and the nucleotide diversity was, 0.01. ITS-2 gene diversity was highest in Laikipia-Samburu ecosystem (0.947) and lowest in Tsavo (0.80). The CO1 locus also had high gene diversity, 0.790, and low nucleotide diversity, 0.006, and like ITS-2, gene diversity was higher in Laikipia-Samburu ecosystem (1.00) and lower in Tsavo (0.286). There was a modest statistically significant genetic differentiation among the four tick populations based on ITS-2 (F_ST = 0.104, P < 0.001; Φ_ST = 0.105, P < 0.001), and a 10% of molecular variance attributed to genetic variation between populations. There was also statistically significant differentiation among tick populations using haplotype frequencies for CO1 locus (F_ST = 0.167, P < 0.001) accounting for 17% of genetic variance among populations, but not modelled genetic distances (Φ_ST = 0.029, P = 0.095) suggesting very recent genetic differentiation. In addition, populations of A. tholloni in Kenya had a significantly negative Tajima D and Fu & Li’s F* and D* at the CO1 locus suggesting recent positive selection. The extensive acaricide use in livestock, which host the larval stage, could be driving purifying selection and genetic hitchhiking of the CO1 locus. However, tests sensitive to demography such as Fu’s F_S, Ramos-Onsins & Rozas’s R₂ and raggedness index r were statistically significant at the ITS-2 locus suggesting ancient demographic expansion. Elephant population fragmentation appears to shape the genetic structure of A. tholloni, while agro-ecological factors could influence the genetic diversity of ticks.

PMID:35325688 | DOI:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101935