Tag: pubmed

Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2024 Jan 1;35(1):130-137. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.1289. Epub 2023 Nov 23.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting local recurrence and survival in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas located in the thigh.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 41 soft tissue sarcoma patients (21 males, 20 females; mean age: 57.9±13.7 years; range, 18 to 90 years) with thigh involvement between January 2010 and December 2020. All surgical intervention was performed by one surgeon with an experience of 15 years in orthopedic oncologic surgery. Epidemiological, radiological, histopathological, and metabolic features, as well as surgical and oncological treatments and prognoses, were assessed. The data was statistically analyzed to determine factors affecting local recurrence and survival in these cases, staged using Enneking and the American Joint Committee on Cancer classifications.

RESULTS: Liposarcomas were the most common type of tumor (39%), followed by undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (32%). Tumors >10 cm were associated with decreased survival rates. High-grade tumors, tumor necrosis, Ki-67 index >20%, and positive surgical margins were also associated with lower survival rates. Metastatic patients had significantly lower survival rates. Local recurrence was significantly more frequent in patients with positive surgical margins. Survival rates were significantly lower in metastatic patients.

CONCLUSION: There are many factors that affect local recurrence and survival of soft tissue sarcomas. The size of the mass, the presence of necrosis, a high Ki-67 index, positive surgical margins, and the presence of metastasis are the main factors that should be taken into consideration.

PMID:38108174 | DOI:10.52312/jdrs.2023.1289

Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2024 Jan 1;35(1):121-129. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.1397. Epub 2023 Nov 2.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the influences of vitamin D3 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on fracture union in rats radiologically, histologically, and biomechanically.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats (mean weight: 435±31.15 g; range, 398 to 510 g) were indiscriminately separated into four groups, with 12 rats in each: Group 1 was the control group, Group 2 received vitamin D3, Group 3 received omega-3 PUFA, and Group 4 received both vitamin D3 and omega-3 PUFA. One day after surgery, only one intramuscular dose of 50,000 IU/kg vitamin D3 was administered to Group 2. From the first postoperative day until sacrification, 300 mg/kg omega-3 PUFA by oral feeding was administered to Group 3. In Group 4, both an intramuscular dose of 50,000 IU/kg vitamin D3 on the initial postoperative day and 300 mg/kg omega-3 PUFA were administered by oral feeding until sacrification. All rats were sacrificed by intracardiac potassium injection at the sixth postoperative week, and radiological, biomechanical, and histological studies were conducted.

RESULTS: According to the radiological scores, the best scores were obtained in Group 4, and callus density and ossification were advanced in Groups 2 and 3 compared to Group 1. There was no statistically significant distinction between Groups 3 and 4, while a significant distinction was found between Group 4 and Groups 1 and 2. Biomechanically, the advanced values were attained in Groups 1 and 3. However, there was no statistically significant distinction among the groups. Histologically, although the advanced scores were attained in Groups 3 and 4, there was no statistically significant distinction among the groups.

CONCLUSION: The use of omega-3 PUFA together with vitamin D3 might have beneficial influences on fracture union. In the future, the combination of omega-3 PUFA and vitamin D3 might be used as an encouraging treatment choice that contributes to fracture healing.

PMID:38108173 | DOI:10.52312/jdrs.2023.1397

Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2024 Jan 1;35(1):45-53. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.1260. Epub 2023 Nov 2.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to compare the treatment cost, operation time, clinical effect, and complications between punctures done under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) planning based on picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) and punctures done under immediate X-ray fluoroscopy guidance in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation by transforaminal lumbar epidural injection.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective study conducted between October 2016 and June 2021, 128 patients were randomly divided into Groups A and B by the random number table method. In Group A (n=66; 36 males, 30 females; mean age: 64.5±2.4 years, range, 50 to 72 years), puncture was performed by planning with PACS-based MRI; in Group B (n=62; 34 males, 28 females; mean age: 65.3±2.6 years; range, 48 to 73 years), puncture was performed under immediate X-ray guidance. The cost of treatment, duration of procedure, clinical outcome, and complications were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The difference in treatment cost in Groups A and B was statistically significant (p<0.001), with 755.67±29.45 yuan and 1.158.08±43.92 yuan, respectively. The mean treatment time was statistically significant (p<0.001) between the groups, with 21.16±1.91 min in Group A and 37.26±2 min in Group B. However, there was no significant difference between Group A and Group B in terms of improvement in pain scores and Oswestry disability index (both p>0.05). There was also no significant difference between Group A and Group B in terms of complication rates (both p>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Compared to immediate X-ray guided puncture, the puncture method using PACS for MRI planning shortened the transforaminal lumbar epidural injection procedure time and reduced the treatment costs without exposing the physician or patient to additional radiation, while there was no significant difference in the short-term clinical outcome or complication rate.

PMID:38108165 | DOI:10.52312/jdrs.2023.1260

Acta Otolaryngol. 2023 Dec 18:1-5. doi: 10.1080/00016489.2023.2278712. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In pure tone audiometry, when the difference of the Average Air Conduction Threshold of pure tone (AACT) between bilateral ears is more than 40 dB HL masking must be performed on the poor side, However, we found that masking also make significance difference when the binaural AACT difference (AACT-d)was less than 40 dB HL in some patients.

AIMS/OBJECTIVE: Assessing the significance of masking for the poor ear in pure tone audiometry in patients with different types of deafness to obtain preoperative accurate hearing.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comparative analysis of 163 cases (163 ears) with hearing difference between two ears was conducted, who were divided into three groups: G1 Congenital Malformation of the Middle and Outer Ear (CMMOE)as conductive deafness, 63 ears, G2 sudden deafness as sensorineural deafness, 65 ears, and G3 media otitis as conductive or mixed deafness,35 ears. AACT-d before and after the poor ear masking was analyzed under the following three conditions: (1) 0.125-8 KHz each frequency, (2) 0.5-4 KHz on average, (3) the frequencies of AACT-d ≥ 40 dB HL and <40 dB HL between the two ears before masking. If the sample data did not follow a normal distribution, the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparasion of AACT, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. It is clinically effective for AACT-d ≥ 15 dB HL at 1 frequency or 10 dB HL ≤ AACT-d at 2 frequencies <15 dB HL before and after masking.

RESULTS: Among the three groups, (1) the comparasion of AACT-d before and after the poor ear masking for each frequency of 0.125-8 KHz and 0.5-4 KHz on average with all p < 0.05, and the AACT-d of the G1 group was the largest, with an average 0.5-4KHz of 7.5 dB HL, and the first two were 14.5 dB HL and 13.8 dB HL at 0.125 KHz and 0.25 KHz, respectively. (2) AACT-d ≥ 40 dB HL and <40 dB HL between the two ears before masking were distributed at the full frequency of 0.125-8KHz, the clinically effective rates of ≥40 dB HL groups were G1 (89.3%), G2 (45.5%) and G3 (5.3%), while those of < 40 dB HL groups were G1 (69.7%), G2 (34.4%) and G3 (31.3%), respectively.

CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: For all three groups, there was statistically significant in AACT-d before and after the poor ear masking across each frequency of 0.125-8 KHz and on average 0.5-4 KHz. The distribution of AACT-d ≥ 40 dB HL and <40 dB HL between the two ears before masking was observed throughout the full frequency range of 0.125-8 KHz. AACT-d before and after the poor ear masking showed clinical effectiveness in all three groups, with the highest effective rate observed in the G1 group and the highest AACT-d at 0.125 KHz and 0.25 KHz. Therefore, regardless of whether the AACT-d between the two ears before masking is ≥40 dB HL or <40 dB HL, the full frequency masking should be employed in three groups, especially for the G1 group of CMMOE, particularly at 0.125 KHz and 0.25 KHz.

PMID:38108144 | DOI:10.1080/00016489.2023.2278712

Prehosp Disaster Med. 2023 Dec 18:1-7. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X23006684. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Hypoxia is a frequently reported complication during the intubation procedure in the emergency department (ED) and may cause bad outcomes. Therefore, oxygenation plays an important role in emergency airway management. The efficacy of oxygenation with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in the ED has been studied, though the evidence is limited. The study aim was to compare two methods of preoxygenation in patients undergoing rapid sequence intubation (RSI) in the ED: (1) HFNC and (2) bag-valve mask (BVM) oxygenation.

METHODS: This is a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial (RCT) in adult ED patients requiring RSI. Patients were randomized to receive preoxygenation with either HFNC or BVM. While HFNC therapy was continued during the intubation procedure, BVM oxygenation was interrupted for laryngoscopy. The primary outcome was the lowest peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) level during intubation. Secondary outcomes were incidence of desaturation (SpO2<90%) and severe hypoxemia (SpO2<80%) throughout the procedure, intubation time, rate of failed intubation, and 30-day survival rates.

RESULTS: A total of 135 patients were randomized into two groups (HFNC n = 68; BVM n = 67). The median lowest SpO2 value measured during intubation was 96% (88.8%-99.0%) in the HFNC group and 92% (86.0%-97.5%) in the BVM group (P = .161). During the intubation procedure, severe hypoxemia occurred in 13.2% (n = 9) of patients in the HFNC group and 8.9% (n = 6) in the BVM group, while mild hypoxemia was observed in 35.8% (n = 24) of the BVM group and 26.5% (n = 18) of the HFNC group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of hypoxemia development (P = .429 and P = .241, respectively). No significant difference was reported in the rate of failed intubation between the groups. Thirty-day mortality was observed in 73.1% of the BVM group and 57.4% of the HFNC group, with a borderline statistically significant difference (difference 15.7; 95% CI of the difference: -0.4 to 30.7; P = .054).

CONCLUSION: The use of HFNC for preoxygenation, when compared to standard care with BVM oxygenation, did not improve the lowest SpO2 levels during intubation. Also, the use of HFNC during intubation did not provide benefits in reducing the incidence of severe hypoxemia. However, the 30-day survival rates were slightly better in the HFNC group compared to the BVM group.

PMID:38108139 | DOI:10.1017/S1049023X23006684

J Evid Based Med. 2023 Dec 18. doi: 10.1111/jebm.12576. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Observational studies had demonstrated a link between sleep disturbances and cognitive decline. Here, we aimed to investigate the causal association between genetically predicted sleep traits and cognitive impairment using Mendelian randomization (MR).

METHODS: Using strict criteria, we selected genetic variants from European ancestry Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the Sleep Disorders Knowledge Portal and UK Biobank as instrumental variables for several sleep traits, including insomnia, sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, daytime napping, and chronotype. Summary statistics related to cognitive impairment were derived from five different GWAS, including the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium. The role of self-reported sleep trait phenotypes in the etiology of cognitive impairment was explored using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) tests, MR-Egger tests, and weighted medians, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure robustness.

RESULTS: In the main IVW analysis, sleep duration (reaction time: β = -0.05, 95% CI -0.07 to -0.04, p = 1.93×10^-12 ), daytime sleepiness (average cortical thickness: β = -0.12, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.02, p = 0.023), and daytime napping (fluid intelligence: β = -0.47, 95% CI -0.87 to -0.07, p = 0.021; hippocampal volume in Alzheimer’s disease: β = -0.99, 95% CI -1.64 to -0.35, p = 0.002) were significantly negatively correlated with cognitive performance. However, any effects of insomnia and chronotype on cognitive impairment were not determined.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlighted that focusing on sleep behaviors or distinct sleep patterns-particularly sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, and daytime napping, was a promising approach for preventing cognitive impairment. This study also shed light on risk factors for and potential early markers of cognitive impairment risk factors.

PMID:38108111 | DOI:10.1111/jebm.12576

Indian J Psychiatry. 2023 Oct;65(10):1061-1068. doi: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_393_23. Epub 2023 Oct 16.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In India, the awareness about the psycho-social dimension of chronic pain is minimal among physicians and patients. The research with community-based group therapies (like mindfulness) to address the psycho-social aspects in chronic pain patients remains limited. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to see the effects of mindfulness on pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, chronic pain acceptance, perceived stress, well-being, and mindfulness characteristics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this two-site, parallel group, clinical trial, 170 patients attending pain outdoors of two government hospitals in West Bengal, India, were randomized to attend five weekly in-person mindfulness sessions (cases) or usual care sessions (controls) within the hospital premises. Pre-program and post-program data were collected and analyzed using statistical methods like repeated measures analysis of variance.

RESULTS: In participants of the mindfulness group, significant changes post session were noted in pain intensity [F(1,326) = 15.0122; P = 0.0001291], pain acceptance [F(1,326) = 4.5311; P = 0.03403], and perceived stress score [F(1,326) = 13.2788; P = 0.0003122] compared to pre-session. The changes in pain catastrophizing, World Health Organization well-being and Freiburg mindfulness inventory scores were non-specific.

CONCLUSION: Mindfulness had a positive influence on pain intensity, pain acceptance, and perceived stress of Indian chronic pain patients. The effects on pain catastrophizing, mindfulness characteristics, and well-being (non-specific) were also encouraging. Further studies will be required to substantiate these results.

PMID:38108060 | PMC:PMC10725204 | DOI:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_393_23

Indian J Psychiatry. 2023 Oct;65(10):1069-1077. doi: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_439_23. Epub 2023 Oct 16.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Recent systematic review and meta-analysis of public attitudes have shown that despite improvements in mental health literacy, public attitudes and desire for social distance with mental illnesses have remained stable over time.

AIMS: To assess the awareness and attitude of the rural community towards mental disorders using the CAMI scale.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This mixed method study was conducted under the ICMR-STS grant scheme after IEC approval. It included administration of a pre-tested questionnaire adapted from CAMI scale on 196 adults aged 18-60 years from an adopted village in the field practice area of medical college along with 8 in-depth interviews of key people in the same community. Thematic analysis was done for the qualitative part whereas for the quantitative part, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, independent t-test, ANOVA and Kruskall-wallis test were used.

RESULTS: Age was positively correlated with the attitude of authoritarianism, social restrictiveness, CMHI and showed a negative correlation with attitude of benevolence. Females showed higher scores for authoritarianism and social restrictiveness. There was a statistically significant difference between APL and BPL groups for authoritarianism attitude towards the mentally ill (P value = 0.02) and CMHI (P value = 0.033). It was observed that with increase in the education levels there was a rise in the mean score of the values for the attitude of benevolence but the difference wasn’t statistically significant (P > 0.05). Thematic analysis of the key informant interviews suggested various perceptions of the community regarding mental illness, available options for management, current practices of the community and what can be done further to improve facilities for mental health.

CONCLUSIONS: People in the community have a varied perspective to mental illnesses which has changed for the better over time but community still approaches quacks first which warrants the need for more awareness. For this, feasibility and effectiveness of increasing involvement of females from the community in health-related decisions can be explored further. We recommend further awareness generation in the younger generation with community-based research on perceptions of the community about mental health. This will provide more practical and feasible solutions to complement the national mental health program.

PMID:38108054 | PMC:PMC10725215 | DOI:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_439_23

Indian J Psychiatry. 2023 Oct;65(10):1044-1051. doi: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_303_23. Epub 2023 Oct 16.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia causes significant neurocognitive impairment. Treatment with antipsychotics leads to improvement in psychopathology and neurocognitive functions.

AIM: To see comparative effectiveness of aripiprazole and olanzapine on neurocognitive profile of patients with schizophrenia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a comparative, prospective, and interventional study. Patients with schizophrenia as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), were assessed on Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and neuropsychological tests at baseline. Patients were randomly assigned to aripiprazole (10-30 mg per day, orally) and olanzapine (5-20 mg per day, orally) groups on the basis of computer-generated random table number. Patients were reassessed at 10 weeks.

RESULTS: A total of 40 patients completed the study duration of 10 weeks. At baseline, the majority of patients showed significant impairment in one or more domains of neurocognition. Both aripiprazole and olanzapine led to improvement in psychiatric symptoms as well as neurocognitive profile. Aripiprazole treatment leads to significant improvement in mental speed as compared to olanzapine. A highly significant decrease in the value of the Stroop effect indicates improvement (P = 0.000**) with aripiprazole and visual-spatial constructive ability (P < 0.001). The olanzapine group showed highly significant improvement in performance of category fluency (P < 0.01) and verbal fluency (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION: The study concludes that aripiprazole and olanzapine have strong potential to improve specific domains of neurocognitive profile.

PMID:38108052 | PMC:PMC10725211 | DOI:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_303_23

Indian J Psychiatry. 2023 Oct;65(10):1052-1060. doi: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_577_23. Epub 2023 Oct 16.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: The Big Five model is a well-accepted model of personality but there is scant research on the factor structure of personality from Asian populations. It is unclear whether the Big Five personality model can account for cross-cultural variation in personality structures.

AIM: To explore the factor structure of personality by analyzing the Big Five personality factors in a sample from Karnataka, South India.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a cross-structural observational study conducted in Udupi and Mangalore.

METHODS AND MATERIAL: 400 community participants (200 women) from diverse socio economic backgrounds were recruited for the study and were assessed on either an English or Kannada version of the BFI-2-S. The reliability of the translated version of BFI-2-S was established.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Exploratory factor analysis using Principal Component Analysis with Varimax Rotation and Kaiser Normalization was carried out.

RESULTS: Factor Analysis revealed a four-factor and a five-factor solution that varied distinctly from the original Big Five. None of the identified factors fit into the original five factors. The four-factor solution explained 36.86% of the variance and the five-factor solution explained 41.74%. The five factors were named as – Social Effectiveness, Interpersonal Ability, Altruism, Emotional Instability, and Innovativeness. The translated tool showed good temporal stability.

CONCLUSIONS: The Five factors identified in the present study differ from the Big Five model or the General Factor of Personality. This raises questions about the cross-cultural validity of the Big Five model as well as highlighting the need to adopt more culturally adaptive methods of assessing personality.

PMID:38108050 | PMC:PMC10725210 | DOI:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_577_23