Tag: pubmed

J Food Prot. 2021 Apr 14. doi: 10.4315/JFP-21-077. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Growth on solid media as sessile cells is believed to increase the desiccation tolerance of Salmonella enterica . However, the reasons behind increased resistance have not been well explored. In addition, the same effect has not been examined for other foodborne pathogens such as pathogenic Escherichia coli or Listeria monocytogenes . The purpose of this research was two-fold: first, to determine the role of oxygenation during growth on the desiccation resistance of S. enterica , E. coli , and L. monocytogenes , and second, to determine the effect of sessile versus planktonic growth on the desiccation resistance of these pathogens. Three different serotypes each of Salmonella , E. coli , and L. monocytogenes were cultured in trypticase soy broth with 0.6% yeast extract (TSBYE), with (aerobic) shaking or on TSBYE with agar (TSAYE) under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions and harvested in stationary phase. After adding cell suspensions to cellulose filter disks, pathogen survival was determined by enumeration at 0 and after drying for 24 h. Results showed statistical differences in harvested initial populations prior to drying (0 h). For Salmonella , a correlation was found between high initial population and greater survival on desiccation (p = 0.05). In addition, statistical differences (p ≤ 0.05) between survival based on growth type were identified. However, differences found were not the same for the three pathogens, or between their serotypes. In general, Salmonella and E. coli desiccation resistance followed the pattern of aerobic agar media ≥ liquid media ≥ anaerobic agar media. For L. monocytogenes serotypes, resistance to desiccation was not statistically different based on mode of growth. These results indicate growth on solid media under aerobic conditions is not always necessary for optimal desiccation survival but may be beneficial when the desiccation resistance of the test serotype is unknown.

PMID:33852728 | DOI:10.4315/JFP-21-077

J Food Prot. 2021 Apr 14. doi: 10.4315/JFP-20-468. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Intervention technologies for inactivating Salmonella in whole chia seeds are currently limited. The determination of the thermal inactivation kinetics of Salmonella o n chia seeds and selection of an appropriate nonpathogenic surrogate will provide a knowledge foundation for selecting and optimizing thermal pasteurization processes for chia seeds. In this study, chia seed samples from three separate production lots were inoculated with a five strain Salmonella cocktail or Enterococcus faecium NRRL-B2354 and equilibrated to 0.53 aw at room temperature (25 °C). After equilibration for at least three days, the inoculated seeds were subjected to isothermal treatments at 80, 85, or 90 °C. Samples were taken out at six timepoints and enumerated for survivors. Initial dilution of whole chia seeds was performed in a filter bag at a 1:30 ratio after it was shown to have similar recovery to grinding the seeds. Survivor data were fitted to consolidated models consisting of a primary model (log-linear or Weibull) and one secondary model (Bigelow). E. faecium exhibited higher thermal resistance than Salmonella , suggesting its suitability as a conservative nonpathogenic surrogate. The Weibull model was a better fit for the survivor data than the log-linear model for both bacteria due to its lower root mean square error and corrected Akaike’s Information Criterion values. Measurements of lipid oxidation and fatty acid content indicated a few statistically different values compared to the control samples, but the overall difference in magnitudes were relatively small. The thermal inactivation kinetics of Salmonella and E. faecium o n chia seeds as presented in this study can serve as a basis for developing thermal pasteurization processes for chia seeds.

PMID:33852729 | DOI:10.4315/JFP-20-468

Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2021 Apr 9;24:e210016. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720210016. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To propose a methodological path to investigate the coverage and information filling of maternal-infant deaths recorded in the Ministry of Health’s Mortality Information System for regional spaces.

METHODS: Four steps were proposed: 1) Assessment of the completeness of the maternal and child variables, which was measured using the deterministic linkage technique between the Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade – SIM) and the Live Birth Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos – SINASC); 2) Application of the multiple imputation technique to achieve the total filling of the missing information of the variables; 3) Estimation of death coverage; 4) The Unknown Variable Information Index (Índice de Informação Desconhecida da Variável – IIDV) was measured, which represents the combined effect of data completeness and coverage of deaths. The proposal of the methodological path was exemplified for neonatal deaths in the municipalities of Paraíba that are part of the new classification proposed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE), as adjacent rural areas, in three triennium periods from 2009 to 2017.

RESULTS: The percentage of matching records was 45%. Most of the variables had a percentage of non-completion below 10% and around 17% for the mother’s education. Coverages ranged from 75 to 83%. The IIDV for all variables was between 21 and 36% after the linkage.

CONCLUSION: The path of the methodological proposal proved to be effective, which can be replicated to other regions, and can be extended to other categories of deaths such as post-neonatal. The combination of the proposed procedures demands low operating costs and their uses are relatively simple to be applied by the managers and technicians of the vital statistics information systems.

PMID:33852706 | DOI:10.1590/1980-549720210016

Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2021 Apr 12;63:e26. doi: 10.1590/S1678-9946202163026. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Sepsis is the organ dysfunction resulting from an infection associated with an unregulated host inflammatory response, which generates high mortality rates in Brazil. The aim of this stydy was to analyze the trend of early, late and post-neonatal mortality rates due to sepsis in Brazilian regions, from 2009 to 2018. This is an ecological study of time series. The trend of infant mortality from sepsis was analyzed using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD10) according to the place of residence (North, Northeast, Southeast, South and Midwest). Death Certificate data were collected from the Mortality Information System database. The temporal trend was analyzed using the Prais-Winsten estimate, interpreted as increasing, decreasing or stable, through the dependent variable (logarithm of mortality rates) and interdependent variables (years of the historical series). The Stata 14.0 statistical software was used. There were 39,867 infant deaths due to sepsis (78.67% for unspecified bacterial sepsis of the neonate ). Most of the children were male, had mixed ethnicity (black and white) , were born preterm with low birth weight and most mothers were 20-34 years old. There were decreasing trends in mortality rates from 2009 to 2018: early neonatal, in the Southeast (-3.57%), North (-3.33%) and South (-2.91%); late neonatal, in the South (-4.12%), Southeast (-4.53%), North (-4.55%) and Midwest (-6.21%); and post-neonatal, in the Northeast (-1.84%), North (-3.62%), Southeast (-3.83%) and Midwest (-5.81%). The Northeast showed a stable trend in early and late neonatal mortality rates. It was concluded that most regions showed a decreasing trend in mortality rates from sepsis in all age components, despite regional differences.

PMID:33852709 | DOI:10.1590/S1678-9946202163026

An Acad Bras Cienc. 2021 Apr 9;93(1):e20190137. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190137. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

This work aims to identify the best treatment condition for removal of chemical oxigen demand (COD) and increase of biodegradability in an advanced oxidative process of photocatalytic ozonation with titanium dioxide (TiO2), applied to the remediation of the leachate produced at the municipal landfill of Campo Mourão, Paraná. The experiment was carried out using a photocatalytic chamber and an ozonation system based on the corona effect. A statistical model of the central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was elaborated and three variables (pH, TiO2 dose and airflow) were analyzed, to define the optimum condition that allows the highest perfomance of the treatment. The statistical model was valid for the data. The best condition identified was: pH = 3.3 TiO2 dose = 0.012 g and flow = 9.0 L.min-1 (8.79 g, O3.min-1). The removal of filtrate COD was approximately 30% and increase in biodegradability (BOD/COD) = 0.59 in the optimum condition. Factors such as the complex composition of the leachate and treatment time were considered as possible limitants for better results. The treatment did not allow to reach the permissible limits for disposal of the effluent at the environment, in Brazil.

PMID:33852714 | DOI:10.1590/0001-3765202120190137

Carcinogenesis. 2021 Apr 14:bgab031. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgab031. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Insulin and insulin-like growth factors play important roles in carcinogenesis. Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) have been linked to cancer susceptibility. The associations of circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 with the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are inconsistent. Recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 413 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with IGF-1 and 4 SNPs associated with IGFBP-3. In this large case control study consisting of 2,069 RCC patients and 2,052 healthy controls of European ancestry, we used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the associations of genetically predicted circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 with RCC risk. We used an individual level data-based genetic risk score (GRS) and a summary statistics-based inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method in MR analyses. We found that genetically predicted IGF-1 was significantly associated with RCC risk in both the GRS analysis (OR =0.43 per SD increase, 95% CI, 0.34-0.53) and the IVW analysis (OR = 0.46 per SD increase, 95% CI, 0.37-0.57). Dichotomized at the median GRS value of IGF-1 in controls, individuals with high GRS had a 45% reduced RCC risk (OR=0.55, 95% CI, 0.48-0.62) compared to those with low GRS. Genetically predicted circulating IGFBP-3 was not associated with RCC risk. This is the largest RCC study of circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 to date and our data suggest a strong inverse relationship between circulating IGF-1 level and RCC risk.

PMID:33852723 | DOI:10.1093/carcin/bgab031

Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2021 Apr 9;29:e3408. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.4166.3408. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the contribution of an instructional module identifying the number and characteristics of lymph nodes by undergraduate nursing students.

METHOD: an experimental, randomized, controlled and masked study using an instructional module for intervention. The 68 students who made up the control group or the experimental group performed the prototype lymph node palpation in the initial and final phases, following the free registration of the characteristics and number of these structures. Between the phases, the instructional module (palpation prototype and a registration guide instrument) was applied to the experimental group. Descriptive statistics and mixed linear regression were used for analysis.

RESULTS: the experimental group showed greater accuracy (p<0.05) in the evaluation of the size, consistency, mobility and coalescence of the lymph nodes in the final phase when compared to the control; it also showed more chances to correctly evaluate the consistency ( OR 45,26; 95% CI<7,74>‡<264.54> p<0.0001), mobility (OR 55.95; CI 95% 12.45 – 251.60; p<0.0001) and size (OR 25.64; CI 95% 3.92 – 160.2; p=0.0002) of the lymph nodes.

CONCLUSION: the results reinforce the contribution of the instructional module to increase the knowledge of nursing students about the evaluation of lymph nodes.

PMID:33852680 | DOI:10.1590/1518-8345.4166.3408

Cad Saude Publica. 2021 Apr 7;37(3):e00069820. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00069820. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Vertical HIV transmission is still an important global public health problem. This study aimed to verify vertical HIV transmission in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil, and to assess the possibility of its elimination. A cross-sectional study was conducted of HIV in pregnant women and a longitudinal study on the incidence of vertical HIV transmission in pregnant women living in the municipality (county) of Rio Branco in 2007-2015. The cohorts of pregnant women consisted of women who had liveborn children, stillbirths, or abortions. The data were obtained from the Brazilian Information System for Notificable Diseases (SINAN), Brazilian Information System on Live Births (SINASC), Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM), and Brazilian Hospital Information Systems (SIH). Databases. Probabilistic database linkage was performed with the OpenRecLink software. The authors calculated the HIV prevalence rate in pregnant women, the vertical transmission rate, and the principal associated factors. HIV prevalence in pregnant women showed an upward trend, and the mean prevalence was 0.18%. Variables statistically associated with the occurrence of HIV in pregnant women were maternal age ≥ 20 years (p = 0.007), lower schooling (p = 0.054), and unmarried conjugal status/without partner (p = 0.001). Vertical HIV transmission was 6.9%. Use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during prenatal care, even among pregnant women that already knew they were HIV-positive, was less than 90%. The elective cesarean rate was less than 60%, and the use of ART during delivery and by the newborn in the first 24 hours showed variations, depending on the period in which the maternal diagnosis was made. Although the strategies for the elimination of vertical HIV transmission are well established, this study’s results point to important flaws in the cascade of care for HIV-infected pregnant women in Rio Branco.

PMID:33852661 | DOI:10.1590/0102-311X00069820

Cad Saude Publica. 2021 Apr 7;37(3):e00112020. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00112020. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

The World Health Organization highlights the importance of health services organization and performance in tuberculosis (TB) control activities. This study aimed to assess the performance of primary healthcare services in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in TB control activities in the dimensions Structure and Process, before and after the use of a validated instrument called Stratification by Degree of Clinical Risk and Tuberculosis Treatment Dropout (ERTB). This was a descriptive and prospective study with two interviews (455 professionals), the second of which after the ERTB. Performance classification was: ≤ 49.9%, critical; 50-79.9%, unsatisfactory, and ≥ 80%, satisfactory. The comparative assessment used the McNemar statistical test with p < 0.05. After risk stratification, most of the variables in each dimension improved significantly. The authors conclude that it was possible to identify satisfactory performance in most of the variables assessed in the Structure and Process dimensions in primary healthcare services in Belo Horizonte in relation to TB control activities, using a standardized questionnaire.

PMID:33852663 | DOI:10.1590/0102-311X00112020

Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2021 Apr 9;76:e2189. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2189. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study explored the effects of the timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) on liver function, bile biochemical indices, inflammatory reactions, and cholecysto-choledocholithiasis patient prognoses.

METHODS: A total of 103 cholecysto-choledocholithiasis patients were stratified into control (CG; n=51; LC at 4-7 d after ERCP) and observation groups (OG; n=52; LC at 1-3 d after ERCP) using a random number table.

RESULTS: The surgical time was shorter and intraoperative blood loss was less in OG than in CG, and the two groups were not statistically different in terms of time to the first passage of gas through anus, length of postoperative hospital stay, conversion rate to laparotomy, and stone-free rate. Four weeks after LC, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBil), albumin (ALB), and glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels declined in both groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. Three days after LC, total bile acid (TBA) levels increased, and cholesterol (CHO), unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), and TBiL levels were reduced in both groups, but were not statistically different (p>0.05). Three days after LC, interleukin (IL)-6, procalcitonin (PCT), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in the serum and bile increased in both groups and were lower in OG. The total incidence of perioperative complications was 1.92% in OG, which was lower than 15.69% in the CG.

CONCLUSION: For cholecysto-choledocholithiasis patients, LC at 1-3 d after ERCP can shorten surgical times, reduce intraoperative blood loss, improve liver function and bile biochemistry, relieve inflammatory reactions, reduce complications, and improve prognoses.

PMID:33852651 | DOI:10.6061/clinics/2021/e2189