Tag: pubmed

Hum Brain Mapp. 2021 Feb 27. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25391. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Previous neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal functional connectivity of brain networks in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but findings have been inconsistent. A recent big-data study found abnormal intrinsic functional connectivity within the default mode network in patients with recurrent MDD but not in first-episode drug-naïve patients with MDD. This study also provided evidence for reduced default mode network functional connectivity in medicated MDD patients, raising the question of whether previously observed abnormalities may be attributable to antidepressant effects. The present study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03294525) aimed to disentangle the effects of antidepressant treatment from the pathophysiology of MDD and test the medication normalization hypothesis. Forty-one first-episode drug-naïve MDD patients were administrated antidepressant medication (escitalopram or duloxetine) for 8 weeks, with resting-state functional connectivity compared between posttreatment and baseline. To assess the replicability of the big-data finding, we also conducted a cross-sectional comparison of resting-state functional connectivity between the MDD patients and 92 matched healthy controls. Both Network-Based Statistic analyses and large-scale network analyses revealed intrinsic functional connectivity decreases in extensive brain networks after treatment, indicating considerable antidepressant effects. Neither Network-Based Statistic analyses nor large-scale network analyses detected significant functional connectivity differences between treatment-naïve patients and healthy controls. In short, antidepressant effects are widespread across most brain networks and need to be accounted for when considering functional connectivity abnormalities in MDD.

PMID:33638263 | DOI:10.1002/hbm.25391

Dev Med Child Neurol. 2021 Feb 26. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14844. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To examine interrater agreement and validity of the Functional Communication Classification System (FCCS) for young children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 2 or 3 years.

METHOD: Speech-language pathologist (SLP) and parent FCCS ratings for 31 children with CP (aged 2y, n=16; aged 3y, n=15; 18 males, 13 females) were examined for interrater agreement using a weighted Cohen’s kappa statistic. Relationships between FCCS (SLP) ratings and: (1) concurrent validity with the Language Use Inventory, a standardized pragmatic assessment for children aged 18 to 47 months, (2) gross motor and fine motor function, (3) associated impairments (visual and intellectual), and (4) primary expressive communication mode were examined using Spearman’s correlation coefficients.

RESULTS: Almost perfect interrater agreement between SLP and parent FCCS ratings were found (k_w =0.94). Correlations with FCCS (SLP) were excellent for pragmatic function (r_s =-0.83, p<0.001), intellectual function (r_s =0.89, p<0.001), and primary expressive communication mode (r_s =0.92, p<0.001). Correlations were good for gross motor function (r_s =0.72, p<0.001) and visual impairment (r_s =0.70, p<0.001) and fair for fine motor function (r_s =0.53, p<0.002). Analysis was unwarranted for epilepsy (n=1 out of 31) and hearing-associated impairments (n=0 out of 31).

INTERPRETATION: The FCCS has excellent interrater agreement and validity for communication classification of children with CP aged 2 or 3 years and is highly suitable for surveillance and research purposes.

PMID:33638178 | DOI:10.1111/dmcn.14844

Clin Oral Implants Res. 2021 Feb 26. doi: 10.1111/clr.13733. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To compare the one-year aesthetic results of flapless single implants, placed in fresh extraction sockets with bone replacement and immediate provisional restoration with or without a connective tissue graft (CGT).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study proposes a partially blinded multicenter parallel randomized controlled trial, where computer-generated tables were used for central randomization to allocate treatments. 59 out of the 60 patients screened by eight private practices in Northern Italy fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Immediate implants was placed in a fresh extraction socket with a non-functional immediate provisional restoration with (Test group) or without (Control group) a CGT. The primary outcome variable was the implant Crown Aesthetic Index (ICAI) at the 1-year follow-up.

RESULTS: ICAI for the 59 randomized patients (Test group = 31, Control group = 28) at the 1-year follow-up was 4.69 (95% CI = 3.16 – 6.22) for the Test group and 3.45 (95%CI = 1.83-5.08) for the Control group, without statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.086). One implant failure was recorded in each group, resulting in an implant survival rate of 96.8% [95%CI = 83.3 – 99.9] for the Test group and 96.4% [95%CI = 81.7 -99.9] for the Control group. Other secondary outcome variables and complication rates were comparable across the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of the present clinical trial, the results suggested that the adjunct use of CTG is not mandatory to achieve successful aesthetic outcomes for a well-planned immediate implant placement with immediate non-functional provisional restoration in a fresh extraction socket.

PMID:33638216 | DOI:10.1111/clr.13733

Trop Med Int Health. 2021 Feb 26. doi: 10.1111/tmi.13566. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and its associated factors among pregnant women in Ghana METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Nabdam district, Ghana. Data were collected from 527 pregnant women randomly selected from antenatal care clinics from 16 healthcare facilities. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the prevalence of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the factors associated with COVID-19 preventive measures, whilst adjusting for potential confounders.

RESULTS: The prevalence of wearing a face mask 18.0% (95% CI: 14.73%, 21.32%); of handwashing/hand sanitizing 31.7% (95% CI: 27.70%, 35.67%), and of social distancing, 22.0% (95% CI:18.46%, 25.56%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms [Adjusted odds ratios (aOR): 2.86, 95% CI: 1.03,7.89], and knowledge of COVID-19 transmission via contaminated surfaces/objects (aOR: 4.60, 95% CI:1.23,17.18) were associated with wearing a face mask. Pregnant women who knew that avoiding the touching of eyes, nose and mouth can prevent COVID-19 (aOR:2.71, 95% CI:1.01,7.28), and knowledge of the virus being transmitted via contaminated objects/surfaces (aOR: 4.08, 95% CI:1.42,11.76), were associated with handwashing/hand sanitizing. Knowledge of COVID-19 transmission via contaminated surfaces/objects (aOR:15.27, 95% CI:1.87,124.43), was also associated with social distancing.

CONCLUSION: The findings of our study suggest that knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms, transmission and preventive measures may play an important role in the practice of preventive measures against COVID-19 among pregnant women.

PMID:33638230 | DOI:10.1111/tmi.13566

J Immigr Minor Health. 2021 Feb 26. doi: 10.1007/s10903-021-01169-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Very few studies have investigated frailty among older immigrants in Europe. The aim of the current study was to investigate inequalities in frailty in young-olds related to gender, educational level and country of origin, as well as intersections between these characteristics. Cross-sectional data were used from older Turkish and Moroccan immigrants (n = 466) and native Dutch (n = 1,020), all aged 55-65 years and participating in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Frailty was assessed with a 30-item frailty index, based on the deficit accumulation approach. Frailty was higher among women, lower educated, and people with a migration background. Of all groups considered, frailty levels were the highest among Turkish immigrants. No statistically significant interaction effects between gender, educational level and country of origin were found. When targeting frailty interventions, special attention should be devoted to older immigrants, as they are the most vulnerable group with the highest frailty levels.

PMID:33638120 | DOI:10.1007/s10903-021-01169-9

Sleep Breath. 2021 Feb 26. doi: 10.1007/s11325-020-02279-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Evaluate the impact of counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane (CCWROP) on pharynx morphology and polysomnography in maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients.

METHODS: Prospective clinical trial of patients with OSA treated by MMA. Computed tomography and polysomnography were performed pre- and postoperatively and the parameters were compared. The surgery classified the patients into two groups: with (R) and without (NR) CCWROP.

RESULTS: The study sample comprised 38 individuals: R (n = 19) and NR (n = 19). An anterior mandible advancement of 0.71 mm was identified for each degree of CCWROP (p < 0.001). As for polysomnography, the apnea-hypopnea index was reduced by 80% and 62% in R and NR, showing final values of 6.8 and 13.0, respectively. The apnea index changed equally in both groups. Reduction of 68 and 26% in the hypopnea index was observed for R and NR, respectively, with no statistically significant difference. Total volume increased by 45% in R and 30% in NR. Retropalatal and retrolingual volumes increased by 49% and 4% in R and 43% and 15% in NR, respectively. The minimum axial area increased by 92% in the retropalatal region and 97% in the retrolingual region in R, whereas these increases were of 76% and 31% in NR, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Anterior mandibular advancement of 0.71 mm for each degree of CCWROP is of great importance for surgical planning. As a result of this resource, individuals in R presented better results than those in NR in all parameters assessed, especially regarding the retrolingual region.

PMID:33638129 | DOI:10.1007/s11325-020-02279-8

J Clin Psychol. 2021 Feb 26. doi: 10.1002/jclp.23125. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: One strategy for improving the clinical utility of mental health diagnostic systems is to better align them with how clinicians conceptualize psychopathology in practice. This approach was used in International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) development, but its underlying assumption-a link between taxonomic “fit” and clinical utility-remains untested.

METHODS: Using data from global mental health clinician samples (combined N = 5404), we investigated the association between taxonomic fit and clinical utility in mental disorder categories.

RESULTS: The overall association between fit and utility was positive (r = 0.19) but statistically not different from zero (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.06, 0.43) in this small sample (N = 39 ICD/DSM categories). However, a positive association became clear after correcting for outliers (r = 0.34 [0.05, 0.58] or higher). Further insights were apparent for specific diagnoses given their locations in the scatterplot.

CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest a positive link between taxonomic fit and clinical utility in mental disorder diagnoses, highlighting future research directions.

PMID:33638149 | DOI:10.1002/jclp.23125

J Environ Qual. 2021 Feb 26. doi: 10.1002/jeq2.20209. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In August 2015, 11.3 million L of heavy metal contaminated water spilled into the Animas River from the Gold King Mine (GKM). National attention focused on water quality and agricultural production in areas affected by the spill. In response to local concerns, surface soil elemental concentrations were analyzed in three New Mexico, USA agricultural fields to determine potential threats to agronomic production. Irrigated fields in the Animas Watershed were scanned using portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometry to monitor the spatiotemporal variability of Pb, As, Cu, and Cr. Total of 175 locations were scanned using PXRF before and after the growing season for three years. Geostatistical model with the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was chosen as the optimal model. The lowest RMSE for the elements ranged from to 0.10 to 0.44 meters (m) for As, 0.50 to 0.98 m for Cr, 0.15 to 0.91 m for Cu and 0.14 to 0.44 m for Pb across the models selected. The spatial dependence between the measured values exhibited strong to moderate autocorrelation for all metals except for As, it was strong to weak. Some areas in each field exceeded the New Mexico Environment Department soil screening limit of 7.07 mg As kg^-1 . All sampling locations were below the screening limit at last sampling time in 2019. Mixed models used for temporal analysis showed significant decrease only in As below the screening value at the end of the study. Results indicate that the agricultural soils were below the soil screening guideline values. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:33638153 | DOI:10.1002/jeq2.20209

J Med Ultrason (2001). 2021 Feb 26. doi: 10.1007/s10396-021-01081-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to determine the usability of lung ultrasonography (LUS) in the diagnosis of COVID-19, and to match the morphological features of lesions detected on computed tomography (CT) with the findings observed on LUS.

METHODS: Sixty patients with COVID-19 were included in this prospective study. Patients were examined by radiology and anesthesia clinic specialists for a visual CT score. A LUS 12-zone ultrasonography protocol was applied by the investigator blinded to the CT and PCR test results. The characteristics of abnormal findings and the relationship of lesions to the pleura and the distance to the pleura were investigated.

RESULTS: Forty-five males and 25 females evaluated within the scope of the study had an average age of 61.2 ± 15.3 years. The total CT score was calculated as 14.3 ± 5.3, and the LUS score was found to be 19.9 ± 7.6. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the measured LUS and CT scores (r = 0.857, p < 0.001). The mean distance of these lesions to the pleura was 5.2 ± 1.76 cm. LUS findings in 51 areas corresponded to non-pleural lesions on CT. There was a negative correlation between the measured distance to the pleura and the LUS scores (p < 0.001, r = – 0.708).

CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the correlation between CT and LUS findings may be used in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia, although there are some limitations. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04719234.

PMID:33638057 | DOI:10.1007/s10396-021-01081-7

J Clin Monit Comput. 2021 Feb 27. doi: 10.1007/s10877-021-00677-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Strain echocardiography enables the automatic quantification of the global longitudinal strain (GLS), which is a direct measure of ventricular shortening during systole. In the current context of overwhelmed ICUs and clinician shortage, GLS has the advantage to be quick and easy to measure by non-experts. However, little is known regarding its value to assess bi-ventricular systolic function in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we designed a study to compare right and left ventricular GLS with classic echo-Doppler indices of systolic function, namely the ejection fraction for the left ventricle (LVEF) and the fractional area change (FAC), the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and the tissue Doppler velocity of the basal free lateral wall (S’) for the right ventricle. Eighty transthoracic echocardiographic evaluations done in 30 ICU patients with COVID-19 were analyzed. We observed a fair relationship (r = 0.73, p < 0.01) between LVEF and left ventricular GLS. The GLS cut-off value of – 22% identified a LVEF < 50% with a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 80%. All patients with a GLS > – 17% had a LVEF < 50%. Although statistically significant, relationships between FAC (r = 0.41, p < 0.01), TAPSE (r = 0.26, p < 0.05) and right ventricular GLS were weak. S’ was not correlated with right ventricular GLS. In conclusion, left ventricular GLS was useful to assess left ventricular systolic function. However, right ventricular GLS was poorly correlated with FAC, TAPSE and S’. Further studies are needed to clarify what is the best method to assess right ventricular systolic function in ICU patients with COVID-19.

PMID:33638061 | DOI:10.1007/s10877-021-00677-1