Tag: pubmed

Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2025 Jul 21;19:e196. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2025.10071.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this scoping review is to identify the types of EMC provided by humanitarian organizations in response to sudden-onset disasters in Southeast Asia in the last 10 years.

METHODS: We followed Arskey and O’Malley method and Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. Limited to online-based journal databases (PubMed, Embase, and ProQuest) and ReliefWeb and PreventionWeb for grey literature between 2014 and 2023. Study was performed from January-June 2024.

RESULTS: Finally, 33 studies were included covering 17 disasters (Indonesia, Philippines, Laos, and Myanmar). Fourteen disasters were caused by a single hazard: earthquakes (6, 35.3%), floods (4, 23,5%), cyclones (2, 11.8%), tsunamis (1, 5.9%), and volcanic eruptions, and 3 were multi-hazard: earthquakes and tsunamis (2, 11.8%) and flood and landslide (1, 5.9%). The main services provided were mental health and psychosocial support; assessment, resuscitation, and stabilization; referral and transfer; and health promotion and community engagement.

CONCLUSIONS: Humanitarian organizations should prioritize services to meet demands: mental health and psychosocial support; assessment, resuscitation, and stabilization; referral and transfer; and health promotion and community engagement. This can guide national governments in scaling up preparedness and response efforts, ensuring that demands are met at a local level but also aligned with international disaster response.

PMID:40686046 | DOI:10.1017/dmp.2025.10071

Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2025 Jul 21;19:e197. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2025.10062.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Large-scale crises, including wars and pandemics, have repeatedly shaped human history, and their simultaneous occurrence presents profound challenges to societies. Understanding the dynamics of epidemic spread during warfare is essential for developing effective containment strategies in complex conflict zones. While research has explored epidemic models in various settings, the impact of warfare on epidemic dynamics remains underexplored.

METHODS: We proposed a novel mathematical model that integrates the epidemiological SIR (susceptible-infected-recovered) model with the war dynamics Lanchester model to explore the dual influence of war and pandemic on a population’s mortality. Moreover, we consider a dual-use military and civil health care system that aims to reduce the overall mortality rate, which can use different administration policies such as prioritizing soldiers over civilians. Using an agent-based simulation to generate in silico data, we trained a deep reinforcement learning model based on the deep Q-network algorithm for health care administration policy and conducted an intensive investigation on its performance.

RESULTS: Our results show that a pandemic during war conduces chaotic dynamics where the health care system should either prioritize war-injured soldiers or pandemic-infected civilians based on the immediate amount of mortality from each option, ignoring long-term objectives.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the importance of integrating conflict-related factors into epidemic modeling to enhance preparedness and response strategies in conflict-affected areas.

PMID:40686043 | DOI:10.1017/dmp.2025.10062

Br J Psychiatry. 2025 Jul 21:1-2. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2025.113. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:40686042 | DOI:10.1192/bjp.2025.113

J Dairy Res. 2025 Jul 21:1-5. doi: 10.1017/S0022029925100976. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

To understand the requirements of animals their calls can be analysed. This potentially enables specific and more precise individual care under different emotional and physiological conditions. This study was conducted to identify three different conditions (oestrus, delayed milking and isolation) of buffaloes based on vocalization patterns. A total of 600 acoustic samples of buffaloes for each condition were collected under different conditions consisting of 300 records for confirming and 300 for non-confirming of a particular condition. Important acoustic features like amplitude (P), total energy (P²s), pitch (Hz), intensity (dB), formants (Hz), number of pulses, number of periods, mean period (sec) and unvoiced frames (%) were extracted using the MFCC (mel frequency cepstrum coefficients) technique. Algorithms (model) were trained by partitioning the acoustic data into training and validation sets to develop predictive models. Three different ratios were assessed: 60%-40%, 70%-30% and 80%-20%. Decision tree models were optimized based on decision and average square error (probability) options and other parameters were set to default values of the software package to deveop the best model. The performance of algorithms was evaluated on the parameter accuracy rate. Decision tree models predicted the physiological conditions oestrus, isolation and delayed milking with an accuracy of 66.1, 84.3 and 71.3%, respectively, while the logistic regression model predicted with an accuracy rate of 59.5, 71.1 and 65.7%, respectively, and the artificial neural network (ANN) model predicted these three conditions with 77.7, 85.2 and 79.4% accuracy, respectively. The ANN model was found to be best on the basis of minimum misclassification rate (on 80%-20% portioning). However, decision tree algorithms also provided the additional information that intensity (maximum), amplitude (minimum) and formant (F1) are the most important features of vocal signals to identify physiological conditions like oestrus, isolation and delayed milking respectively in dairy buffalo.

PMID:40686040 | DOI:10.1017/S0022029925100976

Biol Res Nurs. 2025 Jul 21:10998004251362369. doi: 10.1177/10998004251362369. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Biomarkers may complement patient-reported outcomes by providing objective insight into the multidimensional nature of chronic pain. The urine metabolite pain indicator (UMPI), a composite of four urine metabolites, has previously demonstrated cross-sectional associations with pain-related symptoms; however, it is unclear whether these associations are consistent over time. This study evaluated whether the UMPI and its individual metabolites remain associated with chronic pain outcomes following intervention, which would support its potential as a monitoring biomarker. A secondary analysis of a pragmatic clinical trial, where 148 active-duty service members with chronic pain provided urine samples and completed 11 self-reported outcome measures at baseline and 6-week follow-up after either a complementary and integrative health or a standard rehabilitative care pain intervention. Associations were examined using linear regression and mixed models. The UMPI remained significantly associated with physical function and overall pain impact post-intervention. Ethylmalonic acid showed associations with fatigue, anger, and physical function. Notably, methylmalonate, while not significant at baseline, had the most robust association with pain post-intervention, including significant correlations with both physical function and pain impact. Kynurenic acid was associated with sleep-related impairment. Pyroglutamic acid showed no significant adjusted associations. No statistically significant differences in metabolite and symptom correlations were found between time points, suggesting that these associations remained consistent over the short term. The UMPI may serve as a reliable, noninvasive index biomarker for tracking chronic pain burden, particularly physical outcomes. Findings support integrating the UMPI into biologically informed chronic pain assessment.

PMID:40686028 | DOI:10.1177/10998004251362369

Brain Behav. 2025 Jul;15(7):e70704. doi: 10.1002/brb3.70704.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic stroke remains a major cause of mortality, with hypertension being a key modifiable risk factor. Despite advancements in management, demographic and geographic disparities persist. This study aims to analyze hemorrhagic stroke-related mortality trends among hypertensive adults in the United States from 1999 to 2023, stratified by sex, race, and geographic location.

METHODS: We utilized death certificate data from the CDC WONDER database for individuals aged ≥ 25 years from 1999 to 2023. Crude mortality rates (CMR) and Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated, and annual percentage change (APC) were determined using Joinpoint regression analysis.

RESULTS: From 1999 to 2023, a total of 372,922 deaths were identified related to hemorrhagic stroke and hypertension. The overall AAMR was 0.45 in 1999 and 6.88 in 2023, with no significant trend observed over the study period. Males consistently exhibited higher AAMRs than females (Males: 7.76 vs. Females: 6.06 in 2023). When stratified by race, the highest AAMR was observed in non-Hispanic (NH) Black or African American populations, followed by NH other, Hispanic or Latino, and NH White populations (AAMR of 10.95, 8.20, 7.83, and 5.86, respectively, in 2023). Regionally, the highest mortality was observed in the West, followed by the South, the Midwest, and lastly, the Northeast (with values of 7.91, 7.76, 5.91, and 4.82, respectively, in 2023). Urban areas (6.79) exhibited consistently higher AAMRs than rural areas (6.13) from 1999 to 2020.

CONCLUSION: Hemorrhagic stroke and hypertension-related mortality remained stable in the United States from 1999 to 2023, with males, NH Black or African American populations, and the Western region exhibiting the highest AAMRs. These findings highlight the importance of improving hypertension management and addressing mortality disparities.

PMID:40686020 | DOI:10.1002/brb3.70704

Prostate. 2025 Jul 21. doi: 10.1002/pros.70018. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We aim to evaluate whether increased lymph node yield at prostatectomy (RP) is associated with improved outcomes in NRG/RTOG 9601, a randomized clinical trial of men who underwent either radiation (RT) alone or RT + bicalutamide for PSA elevation following RP for pT2/T3 prostate cancer.

METHODS: We reviewed available pathology reports for patients in NRG/RTOG 9601 to determine the nodal count at RP. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess effect of lymph nodes yield, arm (RT alone or RT + bicalutamide), Gleason score, positive margins, and seminal vesicle invasion on the following endpoints: times to local and distant failure and overall and disease-specific survival.

RESULTS: Of 760 patients, 552 (73%, 276 in each arm) had complete data available. Median node count in the entire cohort was 6 (range: 0-33, IQR: 3-9). There were no significant differences between arms in terms of patient demographic or clinical characteristics, including total lymph nodes removed in either arm. There was no significant association between total lymph nodes and overall or disease-specific survival with both arms combined and when adjusting for arm. Notably, interaction analysis revealed that in seminal vesicle invasion, there was a significant association between lymph node yield and OS and DSS (HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83-0.99, p = 0.034; HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77-0.99, p = 0.029, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: Although lymph node yield in NRG/RTOG 9601 did not show association with adverse outcomes in the entire cohort or either arm alone, there was significant association between lymph node yield and adverse outcomes when seminal vesicle invasion was present. The therapeutic benefit of extensive lymph node dissection remains uncertain but could be more relevant in higher risk patients.

PMID:40686005 | DOI:10.1002/pros.70018

Int Nurs Rev. 2025 Sep;72(3):e70072. doi: 10.1111/inr.70072.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Workplace bullying, a widespread phenomenon, significantly impacts interpersonal relationships, mental health, professional performance, and organizational efficiency in healthcare. Defined as repeated behaviors intended to intimidate or degrade, bullying thrives in hierarchical, high-stress environments like hospitals, where nurses face disproportionate risk. Such behaviors harm morale, increase turnover, and jeopardize patient safety through errors and negligence. Understanding its prevalence and contributors is essential for fostering healthier work environments and improving healthcare outcomes.

METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study followed the STROBE guidelines. A Slovak adaptation of the Negative Act Questionnaire-Revised, developed as part of this study, was administered to nurses, resulting in a final sample of 244 participants. Spearman’s correlation and Welch’s ANOVA tests analyzed variable relationships using jamovi software.

RESULTS: Nearly one-third of nurses were victims of bullying (32.2%, >45 points), with another third experiencing occasional bullying (32.2%, 33-44 points). The median score per responder was 38 (IQR: 23), with person-related bullying scoring highest (median 19, IQR: 13). Younger nurses with less experience reported higher mobbing levels (p < 0.001). Nurses in frontline roles (operating rooms, intensive care units, and surgical units) experienced significantly more bullying than those in outpatient clinics (p = 0.01). Doctoral degree holders had the lowest mobbing scores (p < 0.001), while nurses in frontline roles reported higher mobbing levels than Ward/Charge Nurses (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights a significant correlation between nurses’ experiences of mobbing and factors such as age, experience, education, position, and workplace type. The high incidence of bullying among Slovak nurses requires immediate attention from healthcare leaders.

IMPLICATIONS: To address workplace bullying, healthcare institutions should implement zero-tolerance policies, provide ongoing education in professional conduct, emotional intelligence, and conflict resolution and integrate these topics into nursing curricula. Leadership should model respectful behavior, while mentorship frameworks and resilience training support novice nurses. Finally, accessible reporting systems must ensure accountability.

PMID:40685991 | DOI:10.1111/inr.70072

J Neuroimaging. 2025 Jul-Aug;35(4):e70064. doi: 10.1111/jon.70064.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is increasingly performed for distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs) of the anterior circulation in acute stroke patients. Although trials have not shown superiority over usual care, selected patients may still benefit from MT. The ideal endovascular technique is debated. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of double stent retriever MT (DSR-MT) for DMVOs.

METHODS: We retrospective analyzed demographics, procedure characteristics, and clinical data from consecutive patients with acute primary DMVOs treated with DSR-MT at four comprehensive stroke centers. Reperfusion was defined by the extended Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) score. Clinical outcomes were measured by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores.

RESULTS: We included 32 patients (median age, 78 years, interquartile range [IQR] 71-82; 16 [50%] female), of whom 26 (81.2%) had primary occlusion of the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery and six (18.8%) had occlusion of M3. Clinical severity was moderate (median, NIHSS 13; IQR 10-15) in 24 patients (75%). First-pass effect (eTICI 2c/3) was achieved in 20 patients (62.5%). Final eTICI 2b/2c/3 was achieved in 30 patients (93.7%) and final eTICI 2c/3 in 25 (78.1%). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage developed in one patient (3.1%). Median NIHSS was 6 at 24 h (IQR 3-12) and 4 at discharge (IQR 1-9). At 90 days, 22 (73.3%) patients were functionally independent (mRS 0-2).

CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study found good efficacy and safety of DSR-MT for DMVOs in patients with M2 and M3 occlusions.

PMID:40685504 | DOI:10.1111/jon.70064

Nurs Health Sci. 2025 Sep;27(3):e70184. doi: 10.1111/nhs.70184.

ABSTRACT

This randomized controlled pilot study, which involved 176 patients, aimed to evaluate the impact of comedy films on preoperative anxiety levels and postoperative pain in patients undergoing abdominal surgery, as well as the feasibility of this intervention. While the patients in the control group did not undergo any intervention other than routine clinical interventions, the patients in the experimental group watched a comedy movie for 25 min. The pretest anxiety score of the experimental group was found to be 57.48 ± 6.09, while the posttest anxiety score of the same group decreased to 37.35 ± 8.10 after watching a comedy movie. The difference between their pretest and posttest anxiety mean scores was statistically significant (Cohen’s d: 4.20, 95% CI: 27.8124 to 32.4603, p: 0.000). The mean pretest and posttest pain scores of those in the experimental group were 4.99 ± 1.24 and 4.76 ± 1.33, respectively (Cohen’s d: 2.72, 95% CI: -24.6459 to -19.7858, p: 0.003). It was concluded that watching a comedy movie, which is an inexpensive and effective method, reduces preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain in patients undergoing abdominal surgery and provides important information necessary for the design of more precise studies in the future.

PMID:40685496 | DOI:10.1111/nhs.70184