Tag: pubmed

J Card Surg. 2021 Apr 24. doi: 10.1111/jocs.15561. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to compare the rate of wound site infection in patients <1 year of age who underwent sternotomy using electrocautery, a routinely performed procedure in our clinic, with those reported in the literature.

METHODS: This double-center study included patients <1 year of age who underwent cardiac surgery via sternotomy performed with electrocautery for congenital heart disease between January 2017 and June 2019. Patient’s data were retrospectively obtained from the hospital records.

RESULTS: In our study, seven patients developed SSI, which was superficial in six (1.3%) patients and in the form of mediastinitis in one (0.2%) patient.

CONCLUSION: Sternotomy with electrocautery, which we consider an easy and safe method, was also not found to be statistically different from the other methods in terms of SWI.

PMID:33896040 | DOI:10.1111/jocs.15561

Int J Hematol. 2021 Apr 24. doi: 10.1007/s12185-021-03152-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Coagulation disorder is a major cause of death in sepsis patients. Recently, sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) scoring was developed as a new criterion for coagulopathy-associated sepsis. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the SIC score for predicting the prognosis of septic shock. We analyzed data from a multicenter observational study conducted from 2011 to 2013. We grouped the participants into those who did and did not use vasopressors, and compared the in-hospital mortality rates of SIC and non-SIC patients. Patients who needed vasopressors were considered to have septic shock. We performed survival analysis adjusted by factors independently associated with mortality. SIC developed in 66.4% of patients who used vasopressors and 42.2% of patients who did not. The in-hospital mortality difference between the SIC and non-SIC groups was statistically significant in those who needed vasopressors (35.8% vs 27.9%, p < 0.01). Cox regression analysis indicated that SIC was significantly correlated with mortality risk in patients who used vasopressors (hazard ratio [HR] 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.70; p < 0.01), but not in those who did not (HR 1.38; 95% CI 0.81-2.34; p = 0.23). In conclusion, the SIC score might be a good diagnostic indicator of fatal coagulopathy among sepsis patients who need vasopressors.

PMID:33895968 | DOI:10.1007/s12185-021-03152-4

Brain Imaging Behav. 2021 Apr 24. doi: 10.1007/s11682-021-00474-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This prospective study aimed to explore the white matter microstructural alterations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) using the Tract-based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) method of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI).Diffusion images were collected from 45 AD patients, 42 aMCI patients, and 35 healthy controls (HC). The differences of DKI-derived parameters, including kurtosis fractional anisotropy (KFA), mean kurtosis (MK), fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD), were compared across the three groups using the TBSS method. Correlation between the altered DKI-derived parameters and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores were analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of different white matter parameters with the strongest correlations. As a result, compared with the HC group, KFA values decreased significantly in the aMCI group. Compared with both the HC and aMCI groups, the FA, KFA, and MK values decreased significantly and the MD value increased significantly in the AD group. FA, MD, KFA, and MK values of many white matter fiber tracts were significantly correlated with MMSE and MoCA scores. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the splenium of corpus callosum KFA values were highest for the diagnosis of aMCI and AD patients. In conclusion, the compactness and complexity of white matter microstructures were reduced in AD and aMCI patients. DKI can provide information about the severity of AD progression, and KFA might be more sensitive for the detection of white matter microstructural alterations.

PMID:33895943 | DOI:10.1007/s11682-021-00474-z

Lifetime Data Anal. 2021 Apr 24. doi: 10.1007/s10985-021-09521-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Current status data occur in many fields including demographical, epidemiological, financial, medical, and sociological studies. We consider the regression analysis of current status data with latent variables. The proposed model consists of a factor analytic model for characterizing latent variables through their multiple surrogates and an additive hazard model for examining potential covariate effects on the hazards of interest in the presence of current status data. We develop a borrow-strength estimation procedure that incorporates the expectation-maximization algorithm and correlated estimating equations. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators are established. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the finite sample performance of the proposed method. A real-life study on the chronic kidney disease of type 2 diabetic patients is presented.

PMID:33895961 | DOI:10.1007/s10985-021-09521-9

Dokl Biochem Biophys. 2021 Mar;497(1):66-70. doi: 10.1134/S1607672921020095. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

ABSTRACT

Due to the low efficiency of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), it is extremely promising and relevant to study the mechanisms of immunosuppression. In this work, a comprehensive study of the expression of soluble and tissue forms of PD-1 and PD-L1 in blood serum and tumors of patients with CRC, as well as IDO1 in tumors was performed for the first time. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of the studied parameters was determined. A statistically significant decrease in the number of soluble forms of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the blood serum and the association of the number of PD-L1+ cells in the stroma of tumors with the CRC stage were established. The absence of correlations between soluble and tissue forms of the studied proteins was shown, indicating the presence of independent mechanisms of immunosuppression in CRC, which may explain the ineffectiveness of immunotherapy for this type of tumor.

PMID:33895919 | DOI:10.1134/S1607672921020095

J Assist Reprod Genet. 2021 Apr 24. doi: 10.1007/s10815-021-02199-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between infertility and the polymorphisms of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (MTND4) by spermatozoa analysis in fertile and subfertile men.

METHODS: Samples were divided into 68 subfertile men (case group) and 44 fertile men (control group). After semen analysis, samples were purified. The whole genome was extracted using a QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and the mitochondrial DNA was amplified by using the REPLI-g Mitochondrial DNA Kit. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the MT-ND4 gene. Then, samples were purified and sequenced using the Sanger method.

RESULTS: Twenty-five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the MTND4 gene. The genotype frequencies of the study population showed a statistically significant association between rs2853495 G>A (Gly320Gly) and male infertility (P = 0.0351). Similarly, the allele frequency test showed that rs2853495 G>A (Gly320Gly) and rs869096886 A>G (Leu164Leu) were significantly associated with male infertility (adjusted OR = 2.616, 95% CI = 1.374-4.983, P = 0.002; adjusted OR = 2.237, 95% CI = 1.245-4.017, P = 0.007, respectively).

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our findings suggested that male infertility was correlated with rs2853495 and rs869096886 SNPs in MTND4.

PMID:33895935 | DOI:10.1007/s10815-021-02199-w

Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021 Apr 25. doi: 10.1007/s11748-021-01626-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Uniportal (U-VATS) pneumonectomy in lung cancer patients remains disputed in terms of oncological outcomes, and has not been compared to open approaches previously. We evaluated U-VATS versus open pneumonectomy at a high-volume centre.

METHODS: Patients undergoing pneumonectomy for lung cancer between 2014 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed and divided into two groups based on surgical approach. Propensity-score matching was performed (1:1), and intention-to-treat analysis applied. Overall survival, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital-stay and readmission, pain, time to adjuvant therapy, morbidity and mortality were tested. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc. NC) RESULTS: 341 patients underwent pneumonectomy; 23 patients with small-cell lung cancer were excluded, thus 318 patients were submitted to surgery by either U-VATS (n = 54) or open (n = 264). After matching, 52 patients were selected from each group. Five patients (9.2%) in the uniportal group required conversion. There was no significant difference in intraoperative outcomes, complication rates, readmission rates or mortality. The U-VATS group experienced significantly shorter hospital stay (mean ± SD; 6.7 ± 2.7 vs 9.1 ± 2.3 days, p < 0.001) and reported less pain postoperatively (p < 0.0001). Adjuvant chemotherapy was initiated sooner after U-VATS (38.1 ± 8.4 vs 50.8 ± 11.5 days, p < 0.0001). Overall survival appeared to be superior in U-VATS when pathology stage was aligned (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Uniportal VATS is a safe and effective alternative approach to open surgery for pneumonectomy in lung cancer. Complications and oncologic outcomes were comparatively similar. U-VATS showed lower postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay and superior overall survival. The study is a preliminary analysis.

PMID:33895938 | DOI:10.1007/s11748-021-01626-0

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2021 Apr 24. doi: 10.1007/s00590-021-02979-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The current indication for comminuted radial head fractures is radial head arthroplasty (RHA). The main purpose of this study was to investigate any statistical differences in terms of prosthesis revision or removal and radiographic degenerative changes by comparing patients who underwent RHA and ligaments repair to those who underwent only RHA implant at minimum two years follow-up. The secondary aim was to delineate a trend profile of RHA implants.

METHODS: All patients who underwent RHA surgery for traumatic pathology between January 2012 and December 2017 were eligible. Two researchers independently and retrospectively reviewed the patients’ charts and collected the following data: type of prosthesis, associated surgical procedures and revision surgery. They also looked for any radiographic sign of prosthesis loosening, overstuffing, capitellar osteopenia, heterotopic ossification and degenerative changes. No clinical evaluation was performed.

RESULTS: In 6 years, 124 RHA were implanted (74 female, 50 male, mean age 56). The main diagnoses were: terrible triad, trans-olecranon fracture and isolated radial head fracture. It was found no significant statistical difference between the 2 groups; nevertheless, the cohort of patients that underwent ligaments repair had a lower revision rate in comparison with the other. Suture of the annular ligament seems to be critical. The overall revision rate was 10.5%.

CONCLUSION: This multi-center study found no evidence that ligaments repair, as an associated surgical procedure, improves RHA longevity, except for annular ligament. Nevertheless, it seems to prevent degenerative changes at midterm follow-up.

PMID:33895897 | DOI:10.1007/s00590-021-02979-1

Clin Oral Investig. 2021 Apr 25. doi: 10.1007/s00784-021-03951-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of ozonated oil on the development of MRONJ-like lesions at tooth extraction sites in rats submitted to zoledronic acid treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve rats were divided into two groups. Each rat received an injection of zoledronic acid solution once a week for 5 weeks before having its upper first molar extracted. In group 1, the clotted socket was maintained, while in the group 2, the socket was treated with ozonated oil for 10 min/day during 3 days. After euthanasia, block resection was performed for histological analysis. Necrotic bone was defined as the area of the bone with empty osteocyte lacunae and vital bone as the area with osteocyte-occupied lacunae.

RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the average area of vital bone (p = 0.2248) and the average area of necrotic bone (p = 0.1208). However, the average area of vital bone in group 1 was smaller (24.1 ± 2.9 cells/cm²) than in group 2 (26.8 ± 4.2 cells/cm²), and the average area of necrotic bone in group 1 was higher (7.0 ± 2.5 cells/cm²) than in group 2 (4.0 ± 1.1 cells/cm²), indicating that ozonated oil may reduce the development of osteonecrosis.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that ozonated oil might prevent MRONJ-like lesions at tooth extraction sites in rats submitted to a disease induction protocol. Further research should be conducted to confirm this hypothesis.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: MRONJ has been reported as a complication of surgical dental procedures, and there are currently no predictable preventive therapies.

PMID:33895916 | DOI:10.1007/s00784-021-03951-3

Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Apr 24;193(5):299. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-09078-y.

ABSTRACT

Soil moisture, vegetation cover, and land surface temperature are vital variables in water-energy balance, eco-hydrological processes, and water resources management, which can be influenced by watershed management activities. This research focused on the spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture, vegetation cover, land surface temperature, and Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) under a biological watershed management practice in the Taleghan paired watershed, namely, treated (TW) and control watersheds (CW), in Alborz province, Iran. In this research, along with the remote sensing techniques, the soil moisture and vegetation cover data were measured and statistically analyzed in the three aspects of both TW and CW during a growth period from May to October 2017. The results indicated that soil moisture, vegetation cover, and land surface temperature values in the paired watershed were significantly different at the 0.01 level during the study period. The increased vegetation cover in the TW had an inverse effect on the land surface temperature and TVDI, while directly impacted the soil moisture content. The average TVDI in the CW was 0.83, while this index was found to be 0.69 in the TW. Unlike the vegetation cover and soil moisture, the results revealed that the southern aspects had the highest TVDI and land surface temperature compared to the northern and eastern aspects of both watersheds. However, the increased vegetation cover as a biological watershed management activity in the steep terrain and mountainous areas of TW led to an increased soil moisture and a decreased land surface temperature and soil dryness. As a result, decreasing soil dryness in the TW can exert vital controls on the water resources and increasing water availability. In the arid and semiarid countries such as Iran, a proper watershed management activity can effectively increase soil moisture and water availability in the watersheds. In particular, the vegetation cover protection and biological practices can be considered as practical solutions in the rehabilitation of exhausted watersheds in arid and semiarid environments.

PMID:33895895 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-021-09078-y