Tag: statistics

Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 27;12(1):18050. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22121-3.

ABSTRACT

Amblyopia is a common visual disorder that causes significant vision problems globally. Most non-ocular risk factors for amblyopia are closely related to the intrauterine environment, and are strongly influenced by parent-origin effects. Parent-origin perinatal factors may have a direct causal inference on amblyopia development; therefore, we investigated the causal association between perinatal factors and amblyopia risk using a one-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) with data from the UK Biobank Cohort Data (UKBB). Four distinct MR methods were employed to analyze the association between three perinatal factors (birth weight [BW], maternal smoking, and breastfeeding) and amblyopia risk, based on the summary statistics of genome-wide association studies in the European population. The inverse variance weighting method showed an inverse causal association between BW and amblyopia risk (odds ratio, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.29-0.80]; p = 0.004). Maternal smoking and breastfeeding were not causally associated with amblyopia risk. Our findings provided a possible evidence of a significant genetic causal association between low BW and increased amblyopia risk. This evidence may highlight the potential of BW as a predictive factor for visual maldevelopment and the need for careful management of amblyopia risk in patients with low BW.

PMID:36302817 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-22121-3

Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 27;12(1):18066. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22505-5.

ABSTRACT

Autophagy plays a critical role in tumor pathogenesis. However, autophagy-related signature in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been revealed yet. We quantified the levels of various cancer hallmarks and identified ATG101 as the major risk factor for overall survival in HCC. A robust ATG101-related gene signature (ATS) for prognosis was constructed using a combination of bioinformatic and statistical approaches. Additionally, genetic and immunological properties were measured between ATS-high and ATS-low groups. The ATS signature was associated with shortened overall survival in HCC patients independently of clinicopathological characteristics. ATS status defines an inflamed yet exhausted tumor microenvironment, in which the activities of the exhausted CD8+ or CD4+ T cells were strongly associated with ATS. The ATS signature predicts the drug resistance to the immunotherapy, thus a combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy might be suitable for ATS-high patients. This work shed light on the function of ATG101-related genes in HCC and revealed that the ATS signature may be a useful prognostic biomarker for differentiating molecular and immunological features and predicting probable response to the therapy.

PMID:36302799 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-22505-5

Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 27;12(1):18096. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21805-0.

ABSTRACT

In order to understand the characteristics of bio-convection and moving microorganisms in flows of magnetized Walters-B nano-liquid, we developed a model employing Riga plate with stretchy sheet. The Buongiorno phenomenon is likewise employed to describe nano-liquid motion in the Walters-B fluid. Expending correspondence transformations, the partial differential equation (PDE) control system has been transformed into an ordinary differential equation (ODE) control system. The COMSOL program is used to generate mathematical answers for non-linear equations by employing the Galerkin finite element strategy (G-FEM). Utilizing logical and graphical metrics, temperature, velocity, and microbe analysis are all studied. Various estimates of well-known physical features are taken into account while calculating nanoparticle concentrations. It is demonstrated that this model’s computations directly relate the temperature field to the current Biot number and parameter of the Walters-B fluid. The temperature field is increased to increase the approximations of the current Biot number and parameter of the Walters-B fluid.

PMID:36302798 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-21805-0

Altern Ther Health Med. 2022 Oct 28:AT7548. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Medical treatment is critical in the healing of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetic patients in many countries have recently started using complementary and supportive practices.

OBJECTIVES: The study intended to examine the complementary and supportive medical practices and their self-efficacy against foot ulcers that can develop in diabetic patients.

DESIGN: The research team conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study.

SETTING: The study took place at internal-medicine outpatient clinics at a hospital in Turkey.

PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 656 diabetes patients who came the clinics between March and May 2021.

OUTCOME MEASURES: The research team collected data with a structured questionnaire and the Diabetic Foot Care Self-efficacy Scale (DFCSES).

RESULTS: Significant differences existed in gender, educational status, and average income level as well as between the (CAM) users and non-CAM A statistically significant difference existed between users and non-users of CAM. Users diabetes treatment type, go to regular doctor check-up, had other chronic disease, had a foot problem, regularly did leg and foot gymnastics, regularly did foot examination and often did foot examination.

CONCLUSIONS: The most popular products among CAM users were herbal products: Nigella sativa, Nigella sativa oil, cinnamon, and cinnamon oil. The mean scores for non-users of CAM were lower on the DFCSES.

PMID:36302232

Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2022 Oct 27:acac083. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acac083. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Major depression in older adults increases the statistical likelihood of dementia. It is challenging to translate statistical evidence of cognitive decline at the group level into knowledge of individual cognitive outcomes. The objective of the current study is to investigate 2-year reliable cognitive change in late-life depression (LLD), which will enhance understanding of cognitive changes in LLD and provide a means to assess individual change.

METHODS: In a sample of non-depressed cognitively normal older adults or NDCN (n = 113), we used linear regression to predict tests of global cognition, processing speed-executive functioning, and memory administered 1 and 2 years later. Stepwise regression was used to select covariates among demographics and raw test scores (either baseline or year 1) and we cross-validated the final models using the predicted residual error sum of squares (PRESS). We then derived a z-change score from the difference between actual and predicted follow-up scores and investigated the proportion of LLD patients (n = 199) and NDCN adults who experienced reliable “decline” (a z-score < -1.645), “stability” (z-scores between + – 1.645), and “improvement” (z scores > +1.645).

RESULTS: A greater proportion LLD compared with NDCN experienced cognitive decline in processing speed/executive functioning and global cognition over 2 years. When compared to NDCN, a greater proportion of LLD also significantly improved on one test of processing speed over 2 years.

CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with LLD are at risk of meaningful cognitive decline over a relatively short period, particularly in the domain of executive functioning and processing speed. This study provides a series of reliable change equations for common neuropsychological tests that can be applied clinically.

PMID:36302229 | DOI:10.1093/arclin/acac083

Coron Artery Dis. 2022 Dec 1;33(8):643-647. doi: 10.1097/MCA.0000000000001188. Epub 2022 Oct 14.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Drug-eluting stents (DES) significantly improved angiographic and clinical outcomes compared with bare-metal stents in patients with diabetes. The clinical effects of BioMime sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) in patients with diabetes have not been evaluated. Therefore, we compared the efficacy of BioMime DES in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with versus without diabetes.

METHODS: This prospective analytical study compared angiographic in-segment late loss and clinical effectiveness of BioMime SES stents in treating patients with (patients: 77 and lesions: 83) versus without (patients: 154 and lesions: 162) diabetes. The purpose of this study was the comparison of angiographic in-segment late loss at 12 months. Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were also monitored as secondary outcomes 24 months after the index procedure.

RESULTS: Of 231 patients enrolled in the study, the mean age was 63.3 years and 153 patients were male. Angiographic follow-up rate was 84.8% (patients: 196) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) follow-up rate was 67.9% (patients: 157) at 12 months. Diabetic patients were comparable to nondiabetic patients for 12-month in-segment late loss (0.01 ± 0.31 mm for the nondiabetes group versus 0.04 ± 0.11 mm for the diabetes group; P = 0.158; P < 0.05). At 24 months, MACEs, including death, myocardial infarction and ischemic-driven target lesion revascularization were not statistically different between the two treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONS: BioMime SES stents in treating patients with diabetes were comparable in reducing angiographic restenosis at 12 months and MACEs at 24 months compared to nondiabetic patients with CAD.

PMID:36302183 | DOI:10.1097/MCA.0000000000001188

Can J Surg. 2022 Sep 1;65(5):E573-E579. doi: 10.1503/cjs.005721. Print 2022 Sep-Oct.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: During kidney procurement, after ice removal, kidneys located in the retroperitoneum are at risk for rewarming owing to the time taken to retrieve other abdominal and thoracic organs, which may lead to poorer outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of prolonged kidney procurement time (PKP) on outcomes of kidney transplantation performed at the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of all adult (age ≥ 18 yr) patients who underwent kidney transplantation at the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre between Jan. 1, 2010, and Dec. 31, 2015. We included all patients who received kidney transplants from deceased donors with a minimum follow-up period of 3 years. We defined PKP as more than 65 minutes from aortic cross-clamp to final organ extraction, and standard procurement time (SP) as 65 minutes or less.

RESULTS: Among the 455 transplantation procedures performed during the study period, we reviewed the cases of 145 patients who received kidneys from Nova Scotian donors and were followed in Nova Scotia. No statistically significant differences were seen in outcomes between kidney-only (n = 46) and multiorgan (n = 99) procurement, although more organs from kidney-only donors than multiorgan donors had a Kidney Donor Profile Index score greater than 50% (32 [69.6%] v. 48 [48.5%], p < 0.01). Compared to the SP group (n = 115), the PKP group (n = 30) had a higher rate of 30-day graft loss (6.7% v. 0.0%, p < 0.01), a higher incidence of de novo formation of donor-specific antibodies (3 [10.0%] v. 1 [0.9%], p < 0.01) and a lower 5-year graft survival rate (90.0% v. 97.4%, p = 0.03). Left kidneys remained 11 minutes longer on the donor than right kidneys when multiorgan procurement was performed (p < 0.01), and their 5-year survival rate was significantly lower than that of right kidneys (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSION: Procurement times longer than 65 minutes may be associated with poorer outcomes after kidney transplantation. Measures to reduce kidney exposure to rewarming during procurement may improve long-term outcomes.

PMID:36302131 | DOI:10.1503/cjs.005721

PLoS Genet. 2022 Oct 27;18(10):e1010443. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010443. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Multi-population cohorts offer unprecedented opportunities for profiling disease risk in large samples, however, heterogeneous risk effects underlying complex traits across populations make integrative prediction challenging. In this study, we propose a novel Bayesian probability framework, the Prism Vote (PV), to construct risk predictions in heterogeneous genetic data. The PV views the trait of an individual as a composite risk from subpopulations, in which stratum-specific predictors can be formed in data of more homogeneous genetic structure. Since each individual is described by a composition of subpopulation memberships, the framework enables individualized risk characterization. Simulations demonstrated that the PV framework applied with alternative prediction methods significantly improved prediction accuracy in mixed and admixed populations. The advantage of PV enlarges as genetic heterogeneity and sample size increase. In two real genome-wide association data consists of multiple populations, we showed that the framework considerably enhanced prediction accuracy of the linear mixed model in five-group cross validations. The proposed method offers a new aspect to analyze individual’s disease risk and improve accuracy for predicting complex traits in genotype data.

PMID:36302058 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1010443

PLoS One. 2022 Oct 27;17(10):e0276808. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276808. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

Being moved has received increased attention in emotion psychology as a social emotion that fosters bonds between individuals and within communities. This increased attention, however, has also sparked debates about whether the term “being moved” refers to a single distinct profile of emotion components or rather to a range of different emotion profiles. We addressed this question by investigating lay conceptions of the emotion components (i.e., elicitors, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, bodily symptoms, and consequences for thought/action) of “bewegt sein” (the German term for “being moved”). Participants (N = 106) provided written descriptions of both a moving personal experience and their conceptual prototype of “being moved,” which were subjected to content analysis to obtain quantitative data for statistical analyses. Based on latent class analyses, we identified two classes for both the personal experiences (joyfully-moved and sadly-moved classes) and the being-moved prototype (basic-description and extended-description classes). Being joyfully moved occurred when social values and positive relationship experiences were salient. Being sadly moved was elicited by predominantly negative relationship experiences and negatively salient social values. For both classes, the most frequently reported consequences for thought/action were continued cognitive engagement, finding meaning, and increased valuation of and striving for connectedness/prosociality. Basic descriptions of the prototype included “being moved” by positive or negative events as instances of the same emotion, with participants in the extended-description class also reporting joy and sadness as associated emotions. Based on our findings and additional theoretical considerations, we propose that the term “being moved” designates an emotion with an overall positive valence that typically includes blends of positively and negatively valenced emotion components, in which especially the weight of the negative components varies. The emotion’s unifying core is that it involves feeling the importance of individuals, social entities, and abstract social values as sources of meaning in one’s life.

PMID:36302051 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0276808