Tag: statistics

Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2022 Nov 30:1-7. doi: 10.1080/17457300.2022.2147193. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The study examined the extent, demographics and risks for child pedestrian, burns and drowning mortality in Johannesburg. Information on the demographics, scene and temporal circumstances for childhood injury deaths from 2000 to 2010 was gleaned from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System. Descriptive statistical methods were used. The study recorded 756 pedestrian (8.7/100,000), 439 drowning (5.1/100,000), and 399 burn injury deaths (4.6/100,000) among children aged 0-14 years. Male children were the main victims, with male-to-female ratios of 2.3 for drowning, 1.7 for pedestrian and 1.2 for burn mortality. The pattern of child mortality differed across age groups with older children recording higher rates for pedestrian deaths and younger children higher rates for the non-traffic deaths. Pedestrian and burn mortality especially affected black children, while drowning affected both black and white children. The time, day and month of greatest injury mortality varied by injury cause, with e.g. pedestrian mortality common in afternoons and evenings, weekends, and dispersed across the year although increasing towards year end. The study highlighted the salience of differentiating risks for childhood injuries by discrete external cause for purposes of informing prevention responses.

PMID:36448497 | DOI:10.1080/17457300.2022.2147193

Nurs Open. 2022 Nov 30. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1509. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To understand the status quo of self-directed learning ability, self-efficacy and academic burnout of junior nursing college students, since the closed management mode was implemented during COVID-19 pandemic disease.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.

METHODS: Participants came from 3,051 junior nursing college students of a college in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China. Data were collected by online questionnaire and analysed by SPSS25.0 (a statistical package for social science) and AMOS24.0 software.

RESULTS: High self-directed learning ability and self-efficacy were related to low levels of academic burnout (p < .01). In addition, the analysis of mediation effect indicated that the influence of self-directed learning ability on academic burnout was not mediated by self-efficacy.

PMID:36448492 | DOI:10.1002/nop2.1509

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2022 Nov 30. doi: 10.1002/jmri.28548. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sinonasal malignant tumors (SNMTs) have a high recurrence risk, which is responsible for the poor prognosis of patients. Assessing recurrence risk in SNMT patients is a current problem.

PURPOSE: To establish an MRI-based radiomics nomogram for assessing relapse risk in patients with SNMT.

STUDY TYPE: Retrospective.

POPULATION: A total of 143 patients with 68.5% females (development/validation set, 98/45 patients).

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: A 1.5-T and 3-T, fat-suppressed fast spin echo (FSE) T2-weighted imaging (FS-T2WI), FSE T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), and FSE contrast-enhanced T1WI (T1WI + C).

ASSESSMENT: Three MRI sequences were used to manually delineate the region of interest. Three radiomics signatures (T1WI and FS-T2WI sequences, T1WI + C sequence, and three sequences combined) were built through dimensional reduction of high-dimensional features. The clinical model was built based on clinical and MRI features. The Ki-67-based and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) model were established for comparison. The radiomics nomogram was built by combining the clinical model and best radiomics signature. The relapse-free survival analysis was used among 143 patients.

STATISTICAL TESTS: The intraclass/interclass correlation coefficients, univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression algorithm, concordance index (C index), area under the curve (AUC), integrated Brier score (IBS), DeLong test, Kaplan-Meier curve, log-rank test, optimal cutoff values. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: The T1 + C-based radiomics signature had best prognostic ability than the other two signatures (T1WI and FS-T2WI sequences, and three sequences combined). The radiomics nomogram had better prognostic ability and less error than the clinical model, Ki-67-based model, and TNM model (C index, 0.732; AUC, 0.765; IBS, 0.185 in the validation set). The cutoff values were 0.2 and 0.7 and then the cumulative risk rates were calculated.

DATA CONCLUSION: A radiomics nomogram for assessing relapse risk in patients with SNMT may provide better prognostic ability than the clinical model, Ki-67-based model, and TNM model.

EVIDENCE LEVEL: 3.

TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 5.

PMID:36448476 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.28548

J Card Surg. 2022 Nov 30. doi: 10.1111/jocs.17226. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on perioperative nursing of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP using predefined search strings from inception of database to May 2021. Randomized control trials (RCTs) with sample size >40 on cardiac surgery with either ERAS nursing or routine nursing reporting extubation (trachea) time, length of stay, out of bed activity time, and nursing satisfaction were included in the analysis. Stata SE 12.0 software was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 27 RCTs were included. All the included studies were Chinese due to lack of studies in English. The results of meta-analysis showed that the extubation time standardized mean difference ([SMD] = -3.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.77, -2.45; p < .001), out of bed activity time (SMD = -2.89; 95% CI: -3.34, -2.44; p < .001), and hospitalization time (SMD = -2.08; 95% CI: -2.37, -1.79; p < .001) of cardiac surgery patients with ERAS nursing was significantly shorter than those with routine nursing. The patient’s satisfaction after surgery with ERAS was higher than that of routine nursing relative risk ([RR] = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.30; p < .001).

CONCLUSION: ERAS nursing can accelerate perioperative rehabilitation of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and highly accepted by patients.

PMID:36448468 | DOI:10.1111/jocs.17226

Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2022 Nov 30:1-9. doi: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2152046. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the world. The NAFLD spectrum includes simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Genetic, nutritional factors, obesity, insulin resistance, gut microbiota are among the risk factors for NAFLD. The genetic variant Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) plays an important role in the development of a number of liver diseases ranging from steatosis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and HCC. Due to the increase in the prevalence of NAFLD, new models are being developed with machine learning, deep learning, artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) to determine low-cost, noninvasive diagnostic methods. Models developed with ANN from AI modules are important in order to examine biochemical and genomic information in detail in the diagnosis of NAFLD. The aim of this study is to develop a simple ANN model using biochemical and genotypic parameters in the diagnosis of NAFLD. A total of 300 patients followed up with the diagnosis of NAFLD and 100 controls were included in the study. The data set was divided into two as training and test set. Genotyping of PNPLA3 (CC, CG, GG) as genomic analysis was performed with real time PCR device. The algorithm used for the diagnosis of NAFLD was designed using age, body mass index (BMI), mean platelet volume (MPV), insulin resistance (IR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), genotype PNPLA3 (CC, CG, GG) parameters. MLP Classifier algorithm from ANN was used in the development of the model. ANN algorithms are used in python programming language. Statistical analyzes were made in SPSS program. Percent accuracy, area under the ROC curve, confusion matrix, Positive (PPV) and Negative Predicted Value (NPV) values, precision, recall, and f1-score results were determined. The accuracy percentage was determined as 0.979 in the train set and 0.970 in the test set. The Log Loss value was set to 0.09. The developed neural network achieved an accuracy percentage of 97.0% during testing, with an area under the ROC curve value of 0.95. We think that the ANN model developed with genomic and biochemical parameters can be used as a cost-effective, noninvasive new predictive diagnostic model in clinical practice in the diagnosis of NAFLD.

PMID:36448439 | DOI:10.1080/15257770.2022.2152046

J Osteopath Med. 2022 Nov 29. doi: 10.1515/jom-2022-0092. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: There is a common symptom pattern with most chronic low back pain (CLBP), suggesting that there is a common underlying etiology, belying the term “nonspecific.” Many studies of CLBP and its treatment have been conducted with the assumption of nonspecificity, and as a result, treatment has not been focused, thus there has not been a significant change in CLBP prevalence over the past several decades. It is the thesis of this study to show that there is an underlying, specific cause of CLBP and that the presumption that CLBP is nonspecific is misdirected. The lumbosacropelvic (LSP) region, including the sacroiliac joint (SIJ), is part of a neuromusculoskeletal (NMSK) feedback system, and it is proposed here that CLBP is the result of a change in the feedback (afferent) aspect in that system.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study are to show that CLBP presents as a pattern of symptoms that actually represents the final common pathway for a dysfunctional LSP joint system. Rather than being “nonspecific,” the majority of CLBP has an underlying cause that is quite specific and predictable.

METHODS: A total of 252 patients were seen for CLBP, 67% of whom were diagnosed with an SIJ dysfunction. The presence of pain was recorded from seven structures most closely associated with CLBP. The conditional probabilities of having each pain generator given a SIJ dysfunction and an SIJ dysfunction given the presence of the pain generator were estimated, and associations were analyzed utilizing chi-square tests. Phi coefficients and odds ratios were utilized to quantify the strength of the association. The multivariable logistic regression model was fit to relate the presence or absence of the SIJ dysfunction to the seven pain generators.

RESULTS: The associations between SIJ dysfunction and each pain generator were statistically significant. Phi coefficients indicated moderate strengths of these bivariate associations. Iliolumbar ligament (ILL) and psoas muscle (PSM) were significant predictors of SIJ dysfunction in the multivariable model.

CONCLUSIONS: Seven pain generators had a strong association with SIJ dysfunction. This empirical clinical evidence supports our hypothesis that LSP system dysfunction, as evidenced by SIJ dysfunction, is a common source of symptom patterning associated with CLBP and is most likely the causal element. This is evidence that most CLBP is not “nonspecific” but rather the result of changes made by the NMSK control system for the LSP region.

PMID:36448422 | DOI:10.1515/jom-2022-0092

Nurs Open. 2022 Nov 30. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1511. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study investigated healthcare professionals’ attitudes and perceptions towards the family’s participation in surgical cancer care.

DESIGN: A prospective mixed method study.

METHODS: The study was conducted at three hospitals in Sweden with registered nurses, assistant nurses and surgeons. Data included 43 completed Families Importance in Nursing Care (FINC-NA) questionnaires answered by registered nurses and qualitative data from 14 interviews with surgeons and assistant nurses. Data analysis was performed according to the Creswell convergent parallel mixed method.

RESULTS: Both quantitative and qualitative data demonstrated that the family was an important resource in nursing care, was highly valued as a conversational partner and had resources that should be considered. Each family should be supported in determining their role and as implements for maintaining a functioning family constellation and increasing their participation.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

PMID:36448419 | DOI:10.1002/nop2.1511

Clin Cardiol. 2022 Nov 30. doi: 10.1002/clc.23956. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Left atrial appendage occlusion is not inferior to oral anticoagulants in the prevention of stroke in several randomized controlled trials. However, the clinical efficacy and safety comparison of the Watchman and amplatzer cardiac plug (ACP)/Amulet devices for percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation was controversial. A database search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov for trials that compared Watchman device vs ACP/Amulet device. The effective outcomes were stroke and systemic embolism. Safety outcomes were all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and major bleeding. Device-related complications included device-related thrombus (DRT), peri-device leaks (PDL > 5 mm). A total of 19 articles involving 6224 patients were included in the present study. The Watchman and ACP/Amulet groups comprised 3267 and 2957 patients, respectively. No statistically significant differences were detected in the stroke (odd ratio [OR]:1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-1.67, p = .17, I² = 0), systemic embolism (OR:1.10, 95% CI: 0.51-2.35, p = .81, I² = 0%), all-cause death (OR:0.97, 95% CI: 0.80-1.18, p = .77, I² = 1%), cardiogenic death (OR:0.99, 95% CI: 0.77-1.29, p = .96, I² = 0%), major bleeding (OR:1.18, 95% CI: 0.98-1.43, p = .08, I² = 25%). DRT (OR:1.48, 95% CI: 1.06-2.06, p = .02, I² = 0%) and PDL > 5 mm (OR:2.57, 95% CI: 1.63-4.04, p < .0001, I² = 0%) were significantly lower in ACP/Amulet group compared to Watchman group. The effective and safety outcomes were comparable between two groups. ACP/Amulet group had significantly lower rates of DRT and PDL > 5 mm than Watchman group.

PMID:36448417 | DOI:10.1002/clc.23956

Lupus. 2022 Nov 30:9612033221143286. doi: 10.1177/09612033221143286. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The first biologic authorized for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) up to this date, belimumab, is currently not recommended for use during pregnancy due to lack of data. Provided that the health of the child begins with the health of the mother, pregnant patients face the dilemma of cessation or continuation of belimumab. If belimumab is stopped, there will be a risk of SLE flare and its consequences for the mother and the foetus. Continuation is also not optimal because of the lack of knowledge on safety for use during pregnancy.

AIM: To compare the reported foetal outcomes in SLE patients who stopped scheduled belimumab within the first trimester (group A) and those who continued scheduled belimumab during the first trimester or thereafter (group B).

MATERIAL AND METHOD: All belimumab-exposed pregnancy-related reports were extracted from the EudraVigilance (EV) database until March 11th, 2021. After case review, repeated cases, uninformative reports, non-medical elective abortions and foetal chromosomal abnormalities were excluded. Included pregnancies were divided into two groups (group A and B, as described above). Foetal outcomes were divided into live birth or foetal death (due to miscarriage or stillbirth) and were compared between both groups. Furthermore, neonatal outcomes, such as reporting rates of preterm birth, low birth weight and major congenital malformations were compared.

RESULTS: No statistical difference in foetal death was observed between group A and B (reported numbers (%) = 32 (46.4) and 11 (52.4), respectively). Odds ratio (OR, [95% Confidence Intervals (CIs)]) of foetal death in group B compared to group A was 1.27 [0.48, 3.32]. Reporting rates of preterm birth and low birth weight were higher – though not statistically different – in group A.

CONCLUSION: The positive results of our study are supportive for the continuation of belimumab during pregnancy. Since the analysis is based on spontaneous reports/retrospective data, additional studies are needed to confirm the results.

PMID:36448410 | DOI:10.1177/09612033221143286

Med J Malaysia. 2022 Nov;77(6):730-735.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Dizziness is a common complaint by patients, yet it always presents as a diagnostic challenge to the attending clinician. An accurate diagnosis is essential to correctly administer the precise treatment regime, alleviate the symptoms, and improve the quality-of-life of patients who present with dizziness. A specialised vestibular clinic with a holistic approach of meticulous history-taking, complete physical examination, a collection of audiovestibular test battery, and facilities for vestibular rehabilitation was set up to assist in the management of these patients. This study aims to investigate the effect of vestibular clinic intervention on the symptoms and qualityof- life of patients who were managed in the vestibular clinic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 64 new patients who were managed in the vestibular clinic were selected and the validated Malay – Vestibular Rehabilitation Benefit Questionnaire (My-VRBQ) was completed during the first and follow-up visits to measure the changes in symptoms and quality-of-life before and after receiving care at the vestibular clinic.

RESULTS: Our study showed that there was a positive effect of vestibular clinic intervention on the symptoms and quality-of-life of patients who were managed by the vestibular clinic. Statistically significant improvements were seen in the total My-VRBQ scores, symptoms scores, and quality-of-life scores. The subscale scores of dizziness, anxiety, and motion-provoked dizziness also showed statistically significant improvement among the patients who received care at the vestibular clinic.

CONCLUSION: This indicates that the vestibular clinic was an essential part of the work-up, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with dizziness; and a specialised vestibular clinic was able to bring about positive outcomes in the symptoms and quality-of-life of patients with balance disorders.

PMID:36448392