Tag: statistics

Psychometrika. 2022 May 7. doi: 10.1007/s11336-022-09863-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Latent variable models have been playing a central role in psychometrics and related fields. In many modern applications, the inference based on latent variable models involves one or several of the following features: (1) the presence of many latent variables, (2) the observed and latent variables being continuous, discrete, or a combination of both, (3) constraints on parameters, and (4) penalties on parameters to impose model parsimony. The estimation often involves maximizing an objective function based on a marginal likelihood/pseudo-likelihood, possibly with constraints and/or penalties on parameters. Solving this optimization problem is highly non-trivial, due to the complexities brought by the features mentioned above. Although several efficient algorithms have been proposed, there lacks a unified computational framework that takes all these features into account. In this paper, we fill the gap. Specifically, we provide a unified formulation for the optimization problem and then propose a quasi-Newton stochastic proximal algorithm. Theoretical properties of the proposed algorithms are established. The computational efficiency and robustness are shown by simulation studies under various settings for latent variable model estimation.

PMID:35524934 | DOI:10.1007/s11336-022-09863-9

Oral Radiol. 2022 May 7. doi: 10.1007/s11282-022-00615-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To introduce a new classification, aiming to correspond TMJ disc configuration with diagnosis, meanwhile reduce difficulty and subjectivity in TMJ MRI evaluation and training of TMD diagnosis for dental students.

METHODS: 90 patients sought for TMD treatment were enrolled in the study, whose MRIs were used to establish the new classification. A total of 180 discs were evaluated using MRI for position (normal, DDWR or DDWoR) and classified by morphology according to previous (Murakami’s classification) and new classification respectively. 60 discs were selected and judged by two groups (2 TMJ specialists and 30 dental students) to assess the reliability and validity of the new classification. Questionnaires were acquired for all observers to assess the attitude toward two classification systems. Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and intraclass correlation coefficient were performed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: In the new classification, Class 1 disc was significantly correlated with DDWR and Class 3 disc was significantly correlated with DDWoR. Interobserver reliability/consistency for observers between TMJ specialists was 0.867 when Murakami’s classification was applied and 0.948 when the new classification was applied. Interobserver ICC value for dental students was 0.656 when using Murakami’s classification, and 0.831 when using the new classification. The difference in attitude toward different classification systems was statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: A new classification of TMJ disc configuration is presented. The correlation between disc morphology and position revealed helps diagnosis and management. The new classification improves TMJ MRI interpreting accuracy and provides a better learning and using experience.

PMID:35524903 | DOI:10.1007/s11282-022-00615-0

Obes Surg. 2022 May 7. doi: 10.1007/s11695-022-06091-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease and albuminuria. Despite the well-documented obesity association with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, its predisposition to albuminuria is not related to these comorbidities, and, in some times, its occurrence is independent of DM or hypertension.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The present study aimed to evaluate bariatric surgery effect on albuminuria in patients with severe obesity with no DM or hypertension.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consisted of 137 patients with extreme obesity and albuminuria scheduled for bariatric surgery and did not have diabetes or hypertension. They underwent an assessment for 24-h urinary albumin at baseline (T0) and 6 months postoperatively (T2).

RESULTS: Albuminuria remission occurred in 83% of patients; there was a statistically highly significant difference between the baseline and the 6-month postoperative in the 24-h urinary albumin assessment. Weight loss and BMI at T2 were independent predictors of albuminuria remission.

CONCLUSION: The current work emphasizes the importance and promising role of bariatric surgery as an effective weight reduction management method in improving albuminuria, an early sign of chronic kidney disease, and a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

PMID:35524905 | DOI:10.1007/s11695-022-06091-z

EJNMMI Res. 2022 May 7;12(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s13550-022-00900-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although most guidelines suggest performing a positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with somatostatin receptor (SSTR) ligands for staging of pulmonary carcinoid tumours (PC), only a limited number of studies have evaluated the role of this imaging tool in this specific patient population. The preoperative differentiation between typical carcinoid (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC) and the extent of dissemination (N/M status) are crucial factors for treatment allocation and prognosis of these patients. Therefore, we performed a pathology-based retrospective analysis of the value of SSTR PET/CT in tumour grading and detection of nodal and metastatic involvement of PC and compared this with the previous literature and with [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT in a subgroup of patients.

METHODS: SSTR PET/CT scans performed between January 2007 and May 2020 in the context of PC were included. If available, [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT images were also evaluated. The maximum standardized uptake (SUV_max) values of the primary tumour, of the pathologically examined hilar and mediastinal lymph node stations, as well as of the distant metastases, were recorded. Tumoural SUV_max values were related to the tumour type (TC versus AC) for both SSTR and [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT in diagnosing and differentiating both tumour types. Nodal SUV_max values were compared to the pathological status (N⁺ versus N^–) to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of SSTR PET/CT in detecting lymph node involvement. Finally, a mixed model analysis of all pathologically proven distant metastatic lesions was performed.

RESULTS: A total of 86 SSTR PET/CT scans performed in 86 patients with PC were retrospectively analysed. [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT was available in 46 patients. Analysis of the SUV_max values in the primary tumour showed significantly higher SSTR uptake in TC compared with AC (median SUV_max 18.4 vs 3.8; p = 0.003) and significantly higher [¹⁸F]FDG uptake in AC compared to TC (median SUV_max 5.4 vs 3.5; p = 0.038). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 for the detection of TC on SSTR PET/CT and of 0.73 for the detection of AC on [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT. A total of 267 pathologically evaluated hilar and mediastinal lymph node stations were analysed. ROC analysis of paired SSTR/[¹⁸F]FDG SUV_max values for the detection of metastasis of TC in 83 lymph node stations revealed an AUC of 0.91 for SSTR PET/CT and of 0.74 for [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT (difference 0.17; 95% confidence interval – 0.03 to 0.38; p = 0.10). In a sub-cohort of 10 patients with 12 distant lesions that were pathologically examined due to a suspicious aspect on SSTR PET/CT, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% was observed.

CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm the higher SSTR ligand uptake in TC compared to AC and vice versa for [¹⁸F]FDG uptake. More importantly, we found a good diagnostic performance of SSTR PET/CT for the detection of hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastases of TC. Finally, a PPV of 100% for SSTR PET/CT was found in a small sub-cohort of patients with pathologically investigated distant metastatic lesions. Taken together, SSTR PET/CT has a very high diagnostic value in the TNM assessment of pulmonary carcinoids, particularly in TC, which underscores its position in European guidelines.

PMID:35524900 | DOI:10.1186/s13550-022-00900-3

J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2022 May 7;6(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s41687-022-00452-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain management multi/interdisciplinary programs attempt to address all elements of the biopsychosocial model. The primary objective of this retrospective study (based on practice-based audit) was to determine the effectiveness of a patient-centered, comprehensive and intense interdisciplinary pain management program in a publicly funded community-based pain clinic in the Greater Toronto Area.

METHOD: This retrospective longitudinal study was conducted on 218 carefully selected sequential chronic pain patients, with 158 completing a 3-4-month interdisciplinary program between January 2016 and December 2018. Data collected upon exit, at 6 months and 12 months post-discharge included demographic information, pain characteristics, emotional/functional status obtained by validated instruments and global impression of change (GIC). Additionally, social health outcomes (return to work or school) were retrieved through retrospective chart review. Means of pre-and post-program variables were compared to assess changes of each patient’s “journey”.

RESULTS: Physical and mental/ emotional health outcomes at exit, 6 months and 12 months post-discharge, showed initial and sustained, statistically and clinically significant improvement from pre-treatment levels, with GIC (much/very much improved) reported as 77%, 58% and 76%, respectively. Additionally, a substantial positive change in social health outcomes was noted particularly in patients on disability (29%), part time workers gaining full time employment (55%), and students (71%) who improved their level of schooling.

CONCLUSION: The study showed that careful patient selection in a community-based publicly funded interdisciplinary pain management program can produce significant improvement in pain, physical, mental/emotional health and social function, with sustained long-term outcomes.

PMID:35524863 | DOI:10.1186/s41687-022-00452-z

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 May 7. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20435-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The digital economy, which gradually emerged with a new generation of information technologies, has become an unavoidable reality for manufacturing firms in conducting green innovation activities. In this context, using matched panel data at the province and manufacturing firm levels in China during the period 2011-2019 as the sample, this article examines the nonlinear impact of the digital economy on firm green innovation, and further identifies the moderation mechanism of government quality and the heterogeneity of its effects. The two-way fixed-effects model reveals that there is not a simple linear association between the digital economy and firm green innovation as traditionally perceived, but rather an inverted U-shaped relationship that first promotes and then inhibits, which remains robust after applying endogenous and robustness tests. And most provinces have not yet crossed the inflection point; thus, the digital economy overall positively impacts green innovation. Further analysis shows that government quality positively moderates the relationship between the digital economy and firm green innovation, statistically reflecting that the turning point shifts upwards to the right under a higher-quality government. It is worth noting that, when heterogeneity in firm ownership, scale, and region is considered, the inverted U-shaped curve still exists, but the level of the digital economy at the inflection point differs, and the digital economy plays a greater role in promoting green innovation for state-owned, large-scale, or midwestern firms. This research has significant policy implications as it establishes an inverse U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and firm green innovation and indicates that while a firm’s green patent output increases with the development of digitalization, it begins to decrease after a limit.

PMID:35524847 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-20435-3

Adv Ther. 2022 May 7. doi: 10.1007/s12325-022-02166-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The VISIONARY study demonstrated statistically significant intraocular pressure (IOP) reductions with the preservative-free fixed-dose combination of tafluprost 0.0015% and timolol 0.5% (PF tafluprost/timolol FC) in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) patients, sub-optimally controlled with topical prostaglandin analogue (PGA) or beta-blocker monotherapy. Current subanalyses have examined these data according to the baseline monotherapy.

METHODS: A European, prospective, observational study included adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with OAG or OHT, who were switched to the PF tafluprost/timolol FC from PGA or beta-blocker monotherapy. Treatment outcomes were reported according to prior monotherapy subgroup: beta-blocker, preserved latanoprost, PF-latanoprost, bimatoprost, tafluprost, and travoprost. Endpoints included the mean change from baseline regarding IOP, conjunctival hyperemia, and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) at Week 4 and Week 12, and at Month 6.

RESULTS: The subanalysis included 577 patients. All prior monotherapy subgroups demonstrated statistically significant IOP reductions from baseline at Week 4, that were maintained through Month 6 (p < 0.001). Mean (SD) IOP change at Month 6 was 6.6 (4.16), 6.3 (4.39), 5.6 (3.67), 4.9 (2.97), 4.6 (4.39), and 4.7 (3.64) mmHg for prior beta-blocker, preserved latanoprost, PF-latanoprost, tafluprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost subgroups, respectively. The largest IOP change was observed in the preserved latanoprost subgroup for each of the ≥ 20%, ≥ 25%, ≥ 30%, and ≥ 35% IOP reduction categories at Month 6, demonstrating respective reductions of 8.06, 9.20, 10.64, and 11.55 mmHg. CFS was significantly reduced at Month 6 in the prior bimatoprost subgroup (p = 0.0013). Conjunctival hyperemia severity was significantly reduced at each study visit for prior preserved latanoprost users (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: PF tafluprost/timolol FC therapy provided statistically and clinically significant IOP reductions from Week 4 over the total 6-month period, in patients with OAG/OHT, regardless of the type of prior PGA or beta-blocker monotherapy used. Conjunctival hyperemia severity and CFS decreased significantly in prior bimatoprost and preserved latanoprost users, respectively.

CLINICAL STUDY NUMBER: European Union electronic Register of Post-Authorization Studies (EU PAS) register number: EUPAS22204.

PMID:35524840 | DOI:10.1007/s12325-022-02166-6

Int J Legal Med. 2022 May 7. doi: 10.1007/s00414-022-02834-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

It is difficult to determine the cause of death in electric shock injuries when no trace can be determined on the skin, and this is accepted as a reason for negative autopsy. We aimed to determine useful parameters in the definition of the cause of deaths associated with electric shock and particularly those formed with water conduction. This study used a total of 42 rats, applied with fatal electric shock formed of isolated electric shock at 220 V and with water conduction. The serum NT-ProBNP and H-FABP levels were examined together with histopathological changes in the brain, cerebellum, brainstem, heart, liver and skin and the Bax, caspase-3 and HSP-60 antibody status in these tissues. A statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in respect of the serum H-FABP values and the immunohistochemical staining of the samples taken from the organs. In conclusion, this study is the first in literature with an experimental model of electric shock with water conduction. Using immunohistochemical and biochemical markers in deaths associated with isolated electric shock and electric shock with water conduction, the results of this study can contribute to the clarification of one of the reasons for negative autopsy in forensic medicine.

PMID:35524806 | DOI:10.1007/s00414-022-02834-w

Curr Microbiol. 2022 May 7;79(6):186. doi: 10.1007/s00284-022-02882-w.

ABSTRACT

Although persistent sustained viral response rates are increased in hepatitis C infection following administration of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents, the pre-use predictive parameters of these antivirals and the clinical progression in patients post-treatment remain unknown. To obtain data pertaining to the predictive parameters prior to the use of ombitavir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + dasabuvir and the clinical progression in patients following antiviral treatment. The expression profiles of miR-223-3p, miR-17-5p, miR-24-3p, and TLR2 – 196 to – 174 del/ins polymorphisms from the blood/serum of 34 hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients pre- and post-ombitavir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + dasabuvir treatment were determined by RT-qPCR. The expression levels of miR-17-5p (P < 0.001) and miR-24-3p (P = 0.011) were significantly downregulated post-treatment as compared with those pre-treatment; however, there was no significant difference between these two groups in terms of miR-223-3p expression. In addition, there was no significant difference in TLR2 genotype or allele distribution between pre-and post-treatment (P > 0.05); nevertheless, the TLR2 del allele was decreased post-treatment (16.2%) as compared with that pre-treatment (19.1%), although the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, a significant difference was found between the mRNA levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and HCV RNA pre-and post-treatment (P < 0.05). Further, miR-17-5p expression correlated with both ALT and AST mRNA levels post-treatment (P.

PMID:35524830 | DOI:10.1007/s00284-022-02882-w

Int Orthop. 2022 May 7. doi: 10.1007/s00264-022-05421-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Diagnosing periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are challenging and may be hampered by the presence of other causes of local inflammation. Conventional synovial and serum markers are not reliable under these circumstances. Synovial calprotectin has been recently shown as a promising biomarker for PJI in total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study is to investigate if calprotectin is reliable for PJI diagnosis in cases with accompanying inflammation due to recent surgery, dislocation or implant breakage in primary and revision TKA and THA.

METHODS: Thirty-three patients were included in this prospective study between July 2019 and October 2021 (17 patients undergoing surgery < 9 months, 11 dislocations, five implant breakage, respectively). Synovial white blood cell count (WBC), percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMC), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and synovial calprotectin, using a lateral-flow-assay, were analysed. These parameters were tested against a modified European-Bone-and-Joint-Infection-Society (EBJIS) definition with adjusted thresholds to account for the local inflammation. Statistic quality criteria were calculated and compared using a binary classification test.

RESULTS: Seventeen patients were classified as confirmed infections according to the modified EBJIS definition (13 THA and 4 TKA). The calprotectin assay yielded a sensitivity of 0.88 (0.64, 0.99), a specificity of 0.81 (0.54, 0.96), a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.83 (0.59, 0.96) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.87 (0.60, 0.98).

CONCLUSIONS: Even in the presence of local inflammation due to other, non-infectious causes, calprotectin is a reliable diagnostic parameter for the detection of a PJI in primary and revision THA and TKA.

PMID:35524793 | DOI:10.1007/s00264-022-05421-1