Tag: statistics

Acta Cir Bras. 2026 Mar 23;41:e411026. doi: 10.1590/acb411026. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ankaferd in comparison with Arista and Surgiflo in a rat zero-ischemia partial nephrectomy model.

METHODS: A total of 28 Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, Ankaferd, Arista, and Surgiflo. During partial nephrectomy, both the amount of bleeding and bleeding time were recorded. Intra-abdominal adhesions were evaluated on postoperative day 10. Nephrectomy specimens were harvested for histopathological assessment of tubular and glomerular necrosis, as well as for CD142 immunostaining.

RESULTS: Ankaferd demonstrated superior performance in terms of bleeding amount and bleeding time compared with both Arista and Surgiflo, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. Intra-abdominal adhesion scores were higher in the Ankaferd group than in the Arista and Surgiflo groups, with a statistically significant difference compared with the control group (p = 0.01). Histopathological analysis revealed a significantly higher glomerular necrosis score in the Ankaferd group compared with the control group (p = 0.043), while no significant differences were observed for tubular necrosis or CD142 immunohistochemical evaluation among the study groups.

CONCLUSION: Ankaferd achieved more effective and rapid hemostasis than Arista and Surgiflo, but its higher adhesion scores limit its reliability for intra-abdominal use.

PMID:41880472 | DOI:10.1590/acb411026

PLoS One. 2026 Mar 25;21(3):e0344988. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0344988. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

Consumers frequently rely on extreme online reviews-highly positive or highly negative-for clarity and detailed insights. However, conflicting extremes can generate confusion and erode trust in rating systems, highlighting the need for additional metrics that provide deeper insight into reviewer behavior. To address this, we introduce a novel and intuitive two-dimensional framework for profiling reviewer behavior through two complementary indices: the Reviewer Extremeness Index (REI), which quantifies the frequency of extreme ratings, and the Reviewer Polarity Index (RPI), which measures the directional imbalance between positive and negative extremes, along with its intensity. The framework maps each reviewer onto a two-dimensional plane whose axes are REI and RPI, identifying nine archetypal profiles of reviewers’ historical extreme behaviors. As a case study, we applied this approach to three million Amazon book reviews, demonstrating its practical value in a real-world context. This framework provides dual utility. For consumers, it offers crucial contextual information: knowing a reviewer’s archetype allows for a more nuanced interpretation of their feedback. For online retail platforms, the framework serves as a scalable tool to monitor reviewer behavior and identify systematic rating patterns that may warrant further scrutiny, such as those potentially associated with incentivized reviewing. By making reviewer tendencies transparent, our model contributes to a more reliable and trustworthy digital marketplace ecosystem.

PMID:41880471 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0344988

J Appl Oral Sci. 2026 Mar 23;34:e20250774. doi: 10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0774. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the filling quality of simulated apical deltas in 3D-printed tooth replicas using microcomputed tomography and comparisons of two obturation techniques and calcium silicate cement-based sealer groups.

METHODOLOGY: A single-rooted, straight maxillary premolar was instrumented and scanned by microcomputed tomography to generate a 3D model. Apical delta configurations were digitally created and integrated into the canal anatomy. In total, 40 translucent resin replicas were 3D printed and randomly assigned for obturation with one of four sealer groups (AH Plus Resin, AH Plus Bioceramic, Bio-C Sealer, and NeoSealer Flo). Following obturation, all specimens were rescanned, and a volumetric analysis was performed to determine the percentage of the filled volume in the apical delta region. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=0.05).

RESULTS: The continuous wave technique resulted in significantly greater apical delta filling than the single-cone one regardless of sealer. For the single-cone technique, NeoSealer Flo showed the highest filling percentage (42.7±2.0), followed by Bio-C Sealer (28.7±1.1), AH Plus Resin (24.9±1.9), and AH Plus Bioceramic (17.9±1.0). For the continuous wave technique, Bio-C Sealer showed the most filling (66.2±2.0), followed by NeoSealer Flo (54.2±1.4), AH Plus Resin (45.9±1.5) and AH Plus Bioceramic (36.8±1.0).

CONCLUSIONS: The continuous wave technique achieved the most apical filling, with Bio-C sealer showing the highest performance. Bio-C and NeoSealer Flo achieved significantly higher filling percentages than AH Plus Resin and AH Plus Bioceramic under the single-cone technique.

PMID:41880468 | DOI:10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0774

J Appl Oral Sci. 2026 Mar 23;34:e20250771. doi: 10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0771. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Despite emerging evidence pointing to a comorbidity between temporomandibular disorders (TMD), bruxism, and neuropsychiatric conditions such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), limited studies have explored this relationship in adult populations. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of painful TMD and self-reported bruxism in adults with highly consistent ADHD symptoms.

METHODOLOGY: In total, 90 adult participants were divided into two groups based on the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener, G1: individuals with highly consistent ADHD symptomatology (n=60), and G2: controls (n=30). All participants completed validated instruments assessing TMD (TMD Pain Screener), self-reported bruxism (OBC), anxiety (GAD-7), somatization (PHQ-15), perceived stress (PSS), sleep quality (PSQI), pain hypervigilance (PVAQ), and jaw function (JFLS-8). The chi-square test, adjusted using Bonferroni criteria for multiple comparisons, and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used.

RESULTS: A higher prevalence of women (p=0.006), South Americans (p=0.008), and individuals with low/lower middle income (p=0.0001) was found in G1. G1 showed a significantly higher prevalence of painful TMD (p=0.001) and awake bruxism (p=0.013) compared to G2. Participants in G1 also exhibited significantly higher levels of anxiety, somatization, stress, poor sleep quality, pain hypervigilance, and jaw limitation (p<0.05). No significant differences in sleep bruxism were found between groups (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a potential behavioral and emotional vulnerability to orofacial disorders in adults with highly consistent ADHD symptoms.

PMID:41880467 | DOI:10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0771

Rev Saude Publica. 2026 Mar 20;60:e14. doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2026060007205. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the socioeconomic profile and activity of street vendors, as well as the profile of food sales, according to industrial processing, in the vicinity of private schools in Brazilian state capitals.

METHODS: Cross-sectional study with street vendors in the immediate vicinity of a national probability sample of Brazilian private schools. Elementary and/or high schools participating in the Food Marketing in Brazilian Schools Study were included. A previously validated questionnaire was applied to characterize workers, infrastructure and food availability. Food was classified according to the NOVA system. Comparisons between macro-regions (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South) and sizes of point of sale (smallest: 1-3 items; intermediate: 4-13 items; largest: ≥ 14 items) were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test.

RESULTS: The informal food and beverage trade in the immediate vicinity of 2,180 private schools was mapped, totaling 699 street vendors. There was a predominance of men (57.8%), black people (68.8%), those with completed secondary education (35.8%), and those who worked informally (91.4%), in carts and stalls, due to a lack of opportunity in the formal market (52.5%). The median number of ultra-processed items was about twice that of in natura, minimally processed, or processed foods and preparations based on them (2.17; 95%CI 1.90-2.45). Larger outlets concentrated more ultra-processed foods in all regions, except in the Northeast, where this predominance already occurred in intermediate-sized outlets (3.32; 95%CI 2.88-3.75). The lowest ratio of ultra-processed foods was observed in the South (0.21; 95%CI 0.05-0.37) and the highest in the Northeast (3.32; 95%CI 2.88-3.75).

CONCLUSION: Street vending around Brazilian private schools reflects structural inequalities and expands commercially in the supply of ultra-processed foods to children and adolescents. We recommend its inclusion as an inseparable component in the evaluation of the school food environment, to support policies that reconcile income generation and the promotion of healthy eating.

PMID:41880458 | DOI:10.11606/s1518-8787.2026060007205

Rev Saude Publica. 2026 Mar 20;60:e13. doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2026060007306. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify the sociodemographic and clinical variables that influenced the daily costs of children and adolescents who stayed overnight in Type III Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSij – Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Center) or in hospital reference or emergency and urgent care from the perspective of society in the year 2023.

METHODS: This is a retrospective cost analysis. Direct and indirect costs were collected. A mixed technique was used to measure costs, prioritizing the micro-costing approach and the bottom-up method for valuation. Factors influencing costs were evaluated using univariate statistical models.

RESULTS: The study included 399 users. The average total cost was R$ 6,704.38 (US$ 1,149.99) and the average daily cost was R$ 1,097.97 (US$ 188.33). There was statistical significance in the correlation between daily cost and age, race, diagnostic subgroup, referral to the service, and reason for seeking care. The variable with the greatest positive variation in daily cost was seeking care for drug use (R$ 125.82; US$ 21.58), while the variable with the greatest negative variation in daily cost was being referred by another service (R$ 139.86; US$ 23.99).

CONCLUSIONS: To make more efficient use of available resources, it is up to the child and adolescent mental health care network to invest in the early care of children and adolescents, especially those who are most vulnerable and who may have problems with drug use, and to increasingly encourage coordination between services.

PMID:41880457 | DOI:10.11606/s1518-8787.2026060007306

Rev Bras Enferm. 2026 Mar 20;78(6):e20240605. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2024-0605. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to identify factors associated with the presence of emotional disorders and the quality of life of nursing professionals who provided care to patients with COVID-19.

METHODS: a quantitative study was conducted between February and March 2021, with a convenience sample of 11,477 nursing professionals from Brazilian institutions. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-bref were administered.

RESULTS: in the sample (86.24% women, mean age 33.27 years), female professionals belonging to a risk group for COVID-19, who worked in hospitals with a shortage of personal protective equipment, suffered verbal or physical aggression on public transportation, or were isolated from their families, presented higher levels of emotional disorders measured by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 and reduced quality of life in all World Health Organization Quality of Life-bref domains.

CONCLUSIONS: personal and institutional work conditions have impacted the mental health and quality of life of Brazilian nurses.

PMID:41880455 | DOI:10.1590/0034-7167-2024-0605

Rev Bras Enferm. 2026 Mar 20;78(6):e20240576. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2024-0576. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the sexual behavior of individuals who tested positive for HIV and were treated at Testing and Counseling Centers, according to sociodemographic characteristics.

METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study conducted in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, between 2018 and 2021. Data were collected from patient records, including sociodemographic and sexual behavior variables, which were dichotomized as high vs. low/moderate risk.

RESULTS: a total of 214 individuals were included, of whom 111 (51.9%) exhibited high-risk sexual behavior: having a steady or casual partner, having six or more partners, having relationships with both men and women, sometimes/never using condoms and lubricants, and having anal sex. No association was identified between high-risk sexual behavior and sociodemographic variables.

CONCLUSIONS: high-risk sexual behavior was observed among individuals living with HIV without a specific profile, requiring public policies that encourage the adoption of safe sex practices and reduce virus transmission.

PMID:41880454 | DOI:10.1590/0034-7167-2024-0576

Chem Res Toxicol. 2026 Mar 25. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5c00459. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the rapid increase in the production and environmental release of synthetic organic chemicals has raised serious concerns about their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. Repeated exposure to such substances can lead to significant toxicological effects, underscoring the importance of early and reliable hazard assessment. However, experimental determination of repeated-dose toxicity (RDT) is costly, time-consuming, and constrained by ethical considerations. In this study, we developed various classification-based predictive models to evaluate the subchronic RDT potential of chemicals after oral exposure. We compiled data from eChemPortal and J-CHECK databases. The data set contains two study-derived effect levels: NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) and LOAEL (lowest observed adverse effect level), for which separate models have been developed. A key strength of this data set is that all studies followed standardized OECD test guidelines (407, 408, and 422) and were conducted under good laboratory practice (GLP) conditions, ensuring regulatory relevance and high data reliability. Multiple machine learning algorithms were systematically evaluated, and the best models were selected using a multicriteria analysis based on the sum of ranking differences (SRD) technique. The final selected models achieved accuracies on the training sets ranging from 0.665 to 0.902, while the test sets showed accuracies ranging from 0.642 to 0.682. We also conducted a substructure analysis to identify the key substructures involved in the toxicity. This analysis revealed eight structural motifs, with chlorine- and amine-group-containing aromatic systems being particularly significant. The final developed models were experimentally validated using chemical substances provided by Global Product Compliance (GPC) Europe AB. Additionally, the models were applied to the Pesticides Properties DataBase (PPDB) to screen for pesticides with potential toxicity upon repeated exposure. To facilitate accessibility and regulatory application, the final models have been implemented in both a Python-based tool and a web application. Scientific contribution: this study presents predictive models as alternatives to traditional animal testing for assessing the subchronic oral repeated-dose toxicity (RDT) of chemicals. Our models demonstrate strong statistical performance, indicating their suitability for further application, as supported by experimental validation. These models could be used for preliminary hazard screening or weight-of-evidence evaluations. An additional advantage is that these models were developed using data that were tested in accordance with internationally harmonized test protocols, thereby enhancing their acceptance for regulatory decision-making.

PMID:41880451 | DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5c00459

Braz Oral Res. 2026 Mar 20;40:e010. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2026.vol40.010. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

The aims of this retrospective radiographic study were to assess the occurrence of dental anomalies in children and patients with disabilities and to investigate the association of these anomalies with pre-, peri-, and post-natal medical history. A total of 289 panoramic radiographs of children (0-14 years) and patients with disabilities (including all age groups) were used to identify developmental dental anomalies, and information was collected from medical records for statistical analysis. Data were expressed as relative frequency (percentage). The chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, relative risk calculation, and the Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical comparisons with a significance level of 5%. Occurrence of dental alterations was 50.34% in children and 37.50% in patients with disabilities. Agenesis was the most common alteration (24.14% in children and 30.55% in patients with disabilities). The study found a relative risk of 2.6 for agenesis in children with a history of prematurity (p = 0.02). The variable “performing medical treatment” was a risk factor for the presence of dental alterations in children. The age and the medical conditions of the patients with disabilities varied greatly, with neurological diseases being the most prevalent disability. However, the health history of mothers during pregnancy was not associated with dental alterations in patients with disabilities (p > 0.05). Developmental dental anomalies were frequently observed in both groups, with agenesis being the most common condition. Prematurity was identified as a predictive factor for agenesis.

PMID:41880449 | DOI:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2026.vol40.010