Tag: statistics

J Sci Food Agric. 2022 Jul 14. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.12121. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Response surface methodology (RSM) is a widely used mathematical and statistical technique for modelling and optimizing the process for the extraction of bioactive compounds. In this review, the optimization approach through the use of experimental designs and empirical models for response prediction and the utilization of desirability function for multiple response optimization are explained. Furthermore, this paper reviews recent studies on the application of RSM to optimize bioactive compounds extraction processes such as conventional solvent extraction (CSE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). Finally, the challenges associated with the use of RSM and efforts made to improve RSM in the extraction process are also highlighted. Overall, this review informs many aspects of RSM that are occasionally ignored or sparsely discussed in optimization of bioactive compound extraction processes and summarizes significant applications where it proved suitable. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35833361 | DOI:10.1002/jsfa.12121

J Telemed Telecare. 2022 Jul 14:1357633X221113711. doi: 10.1177/1357633X221113711. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The COVID 19 pandemic resulted in widespread telehealth implementation. Existent health disparities were widened, with under-represented minorities (URM) disproportionately affected by COVID. In this study, we assess the role of telehealth in improving access to care in the URMs and vulnerable populations. We noted a statistically significant increase in the number of visits in Hispanic or Latino patients (15.2% increase, p < 0.01) and Black patients (19% increase, p < 0.01). Based on payer type, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of visits in the Medicare (10.2%, p = 0.0001) and Medicaid (16.2%, p < 0.01) groups. We also noted increased access to care with telehealth in patients who were 65 and older (10.6%, p = 0.004). This highlights the importance of telehealth in increasing access to care and promoting health equity in the URM and vulnerable patient populations.

PMID:35833345 | DOI:10.1177/1357633X221113711

Hepatology. 2022 Jul 14. doi: 10.1002/hep.32669. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:35833336 | DOI:10.1002/hep.32669

Scand J Rheumatol. 2022 Jul 14:1-4. doi: 10.1080/03009742.2022.2092269. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-like symptoms and the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in patients with an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder or post-solid organ transplantation (IMIDT) with and without immunosuppressive medication (imed) and controls.

METHOD: The IENIMINI cohort was a prospective cohort study set up in the Netherlands in March 2020, with 2 monthly (paper) or weekly (online) questionnaires about COVID-19-like symptoms. Participants from this cohort who reported these symptoms between March 2020 and November 2020 were approached for this substudy. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were tested using a total antibody assay.

RESULTS: Of the 1203 participants approached, 629 agreed to participate and were sent a fingerprick test; 565 participants collected a capillary blood sample, of which 562 were usable. Analysis showed that 57/202 (28.2%) of the tested IMIDT group with imed, 48/16 3(29.4%) of the IMIDT group without imed, and 69/197 (35.0%) of the control group tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Seroprevalences of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies between males and females, biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug users and non-users, and those who had had a serious disease period (defined as an episode with dyspnoea and fever) and those who had not, were not statistically different between the three groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 30% of patients who had reported COVID-19-like symptoms had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after reported COVID-19-like symptoms was similar in IMIDT patients with and without imed compared to controls.

PMID:35833317 | DOI:10.1080/03009742.2022.2092269

Epilepsia Open. 2022 Jul 14. doi: 10.1002/epi4.12627. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the results of the KETASER01 trial and the reasons for its failure, particularly in view of future studies.

METHODS: KETASER01 is a multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label, sequentially designed, non-profit Italian study that aimed to assess the efficacy of ketamine compared with conventional anesthetics in the treatment of refractory convulsive status epilepticus (RCSE) in children.

RESULTS: During the five-year recruitment phase, a total of 76 RCSEs treated with third-line therapy were observed in five of the ten participating Centers; only ten individuals (five for each study arm; five females, mean age 6.5 ± 6.3 years) were enrolled in the KETASER01 study. Two of the five patients (40%) in the experimental arm were successfully treated with ketamine and two of the five (40%) children in the control arm, where successfully treated with thiopental. In the remaining six (60%) enrolled patients, RCSE was not controlled by the randomized anesthetic(s).

SIGNIFICANCE: The KETASER01 study was prematurely halted due to low eligibility of patients and no successful recruitment. No conclusions can be drawn regarding the objectives of the study. Here we discuss the KETASER01 results and critically analyze the reasons for its failure in view of future trials.

PMID:35833327 | DOI:10.1002/epi4.12627

Haematologica. 2022 Jul 14. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Not available.

PMID:35833300 | DOI:10.3324/haematol.2022.281004

Haematologica. 2022 Jul 14. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2022.280765. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We have previously shown that complete response (CR) rates and overall survival (OS) of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have improved since the 1980s. However, we have not previously evaluated how the length of first CR (CR1) has changed over this time period. To address this, we analyzed 1,247 patients age 65 or younger randomized to 7+3 arms from 5 SWOG studies: S8600 (n=530), S9031 (n=98), S9333 (n=57), S0106 (n=301), S1203 (n=261). We evaluated length of CR1 and survival after relapse from CR1 over the 4 decades these studies represent. Both length of CR1 and survival after relapse from CR1 have improved over the last four decades. The relative benefit associated with CR1 and the relative detriment associated with relapse have decreased over this period; while achieving CR1 and relapse from CR1 still have strong prognostic associations with outcomes, the magnitude of the association has decreased over time. Possible explanations for these patterns include higher CR rates with salvage therapies after relapse, more frequent use of hematopoietic cell transplant, and better supportive care.

PMID:35833298 | DOI:10.3324/haematol.2022.280765

Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2022 Jul 14. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0000000000000418. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Craving and impulsivity are addiction components which explain why heroin-dependant individuals (HDI), continue using heroin despite not wanting to do so. Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT), such as slow-release oral morphine (SROM), is the most effective treatment for opioid dependence. However, the impact of SROM on craving and impulsivity remains unclear. In this observational study, 23 HDI receiving SROM, their usual OMT, took part in the experiment. Each of the participants filled in the perceived level of craving with a visual analog scale. Their impulsivity was assessed via three laboratory tasks, the stop-signal reaction time, the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and delay discounting. Each evaluation was performed before and after SROM administration. Craving was significantly reduced after administration of SROM (difference 2.83; P = 0.0010), whereas there were no significant differences in performance in the three laboratory tasks. In the long term, we observed an improvement on delay discounting correlated with the duration and dosage of SROM. The acute impact of SROM appears to significantly reduce craving, without impacting impulsivity. Observation of the correlation between delay discounting and the duration and dosage of OMT is of great interest and should be studied further.

PMID:35833289 | DOI:10.1097/YIC.0000000000000418

Respir Res. 2022 Jul 13;23(1):184. doi: 10.1186/s12931-022-02106-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Ventilator liberation is one of the most challenging aspects in patients with respiratory failure. Most patients are weaned through a transition from full to partial respiratory support, whereas some advocate using a continuous spontaneous ventilation (CSV). However, there is little scientific evidence supporting the practice of pediatric ventilator liberation, including the timing of onset of and the approach to weaning mode. We sought to explore differences in patient effort between a pressure controlled continuous mode of ventilation (PC-CMV) [in this cohort PC assist/control (PC-A/C)] with a reduced ventilator rate and CSV, and to study changes in patient effort with decreasing PS.

METHODS: In this prospective physiology cross-over study, we randomized children < 5 years to first PC-A/C with a 25% reduction in ventilator rate, or CSV (continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP] + PS). Patients were then crossed over to the other arm. Patient effort was measured by calculating inspiratory work of breathing (WOB) using the Campbell diagram (WOB_Campbell), and by pressure-rate-product (PRP) and pressure-time-product (PTP). Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) was used to calculate the phase angle. Measurements were obtained at baseline, during PC-A/C and CPAP + PS, and during decreasing set PS (maximum -6 cmH₂O).

RESULTS: Thirty-six subjects with a median age of 4.4 (IQR 1.5-11.9) months and median ventilation time of 4.9 (IQR 3.4-7.0) days were included. Nearly all patients (94.4%) were admitted with primary respiratory failure. WOB_Campbell during baseline [0.67 (IQR 0.38-1.07) Joules/L] did not differ between CSV [0.49 (IQR 0.17-0.83) Joules/L] or PC-A/C [0.47 (IQR 0.17-1.15) Joules/L]. Neither PRP, PTP, ∆Pes nor phase angle was different between the two ventilator modes. Reducing pressure support resulted in a statistically significant increase in patient effort, albeit that these differences were clinically negligible.

CONCLUSIONS: Patient effort during pediatric ventilation liberation was not increased when patients were in a CSV mode of ventilation compared to a ventilator mode with a ventilator back-up rate. Reducing the level of PS did not lead to clinically relevant increases in patient effort. These data may aid in a better approach to pediatric ventilation liberation. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT05254691. Registered 24 February 2022.

PMID:35831900 | DOI:10.1186/s12931-022-02106-6

Respir Res. 2022 Jul 12;23(1):182. doi: 10.1186/s12931-022-02080-z.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To establish the predicted value of pulmonary function determined by impulse oscillometry (IOS) in children (4-17 years old) in China.

METHODS: A total of 6270 healthy children aged 4-17 years in China were included. The Master Screen IOS pulmonary function device (Jaeger Co, Germany) was used to detect the respiratory impedance (Zrs), resonant frequency (Fres), respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and respiratory system reactance (Xrs) at various oscillation frequencies, and the indices above were analysed. Stepwise multivariate regression was used to establish the regression equation of related parameters of IOS in different sexes, ages, height, and weight.

RESULTS: The differences in the main IOS parameters between different age stages were statistically significant regardless of sex (P < 0.05). The stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that IOS parameters were related to height, age, and weight, and most IOS parameters were most closely related to height (the absolute value of the regression coefficient was the largest). With increasing age and height, the values of Z₅, R₅, R₂₀, R₅-R₂₀, and Fres decreased, while the value of X₅ increased. Through height, age, and weight, we obtained the normal predicted values equation of children’s IOS parameters. Compared with the other reference equations, our reference equation is more suitable for Chinese children.

CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed the reference values of IOS parameters in healthy Chinese children. In the evaluation of results for lung function measurements, this predicted value equation is more consistent with the characteristics of Chinese children than other reference equations.

CLINICAL TRIAL: ChiCTR: 1800019029.

PMID:35831898 | DOI:10.1186/s12931-022-02080-z