Tag: statistics

Med Sci Monit. 2021 Jul 8;27:e931597. doi: 10.12659/MSM.931597.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND One treatment option for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT). Unfortunately, TUMT has been increasingly marginalized recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate erectile function and urinary symptoms in patients after TUMT for BPH and compare the results with those of patients on pharmacological treatment for BPH. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 840 patients with BPH treated with TUMT and a control group consisting of 1040 patients who underwent pharmacotherapy. Erectile dysfunction was evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 questionnaire and the Individual Postoperative Erectile Assessment (IPEA) questionnaire, which was created by the authors for this study. Urinary symptoms were evaluated using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire. RESULTS More than 50% of all patients experienced an improvement in urinary symptoms after TUMT, compared with only approximately 30% in the control group. Differences in each of the IPSS symptom scales between the TUMT and control groups were statistically significant (P<0.031, P<0.041, and P<0.025 for mild, moderate, and severe symptoms, respectively). Improvement in erectile dysfunction after TUMT was also statistically significant (P<0.0001, P<0.0001, P<0.05 for mild, moderate, and severe erectile dysfunction, respectively). Based on the IPEA questionnaire, approximately 24% of the TUMT group reported significant improvement in erectile function, while a decrease in erectile function was reported in the control group. CONCLUSIONS TUMT may still be a valuable option in the treatment of BPH. TUMT may be especially suitable for patients who expect to improve urinary symptoms without decreasing erectile function.

PMID:34234095 | DOI:10.12659/MSM.931597

Dent Mater J. 2021 Jul 7. doi: 10.4012/dmj.2020-427. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to investigate the wear of luting materials (Variolink Esthetic LC/DC, Multilink Automix, Panavia V5 paste) compared to a resin composite (Tetric EvoFlow) with an ACTA-machine (three-body-wear simulator) using steel and 3D-printed polymer wheels. Wear was measured (software Match3D) and statistically analyzed (ANOVA). Worn surface was examined with a field-emission-scanning-electron-microscope. Finite element analysis was carried out to analyze differences in the mechanical stress of the two different sample wheels. Using the steel wheel, Variolink Esthetic DC exhibited significantly less wear than Tetric EvoFlow after 200,000 cycles (p=0.037). Luting composites on polymer wheels exhibited significantly lower wear values compared to the steel wheels (p<0.001). Finite element analysis showed higher stresses for the steel wheel compared to the polymer wheel. Mechanical properties of the sample wheels had a high influence on wear properties. Dual- or auto-polymerizing materials seem to have a small advantage over the light-curing materials.

PMID:34234046 | DOI:10.4012/dmj.2020-427

Drug Discov Ther. 2021;15(3):156-161. doi: 10.5582/ddt.2021.01014.

ABSTRACT

A variable proportion of patients develop persistent/prolonged symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection (long COVID). We aimed to study the clinical predictors of persistent symptoms in patients with mild COVID-19 at 30 days post discharge (long COVID-19). We also tried to identify symptom clusters among mild COVID-19 patients. Fifty-seven patients admitted at a tertiary care centre after a positive RT-PCR report over a period of 2 months, were enrolled in the study. Details of presentation, history of illness, laboratory investigations and disease outcomes were recorded from documented medical records and discharge slip. The patients were contacted (telephonically) at 30 days after discharge and enquired regarding persistent symptoms, if any. Follow up data at 30 days post-discharge was available for 53 patients. Among them, the most common persistent symptom was fatigue (22.6%), followed by cough (9.4%) and myalgias (7.5%). There was a significant association of persistent symptoms with diarrhoea at presentation [OR 14.26 (95% CI 2.30-142.47; p = 0.009] and gap between symptom onset and admission [OR 1.40 (95% CI 1.08-1.93; p = 0.020] on multivariate logistic regression analysis. On cluster analysis, three phenotypes of mild COVID-19 were identified, which may have implications on monitoring and management. There appears to be a positive association of diarrhoea as a presenting manifestation and gap between symptom onset and admission with the persistence of symptoms classified as long COVID-19, even in mild illness. We also identified multiple phenotypes of mild COVID-19 illness, which warrant further exploration.

PMID:34234065 | DOI:10.5582/ddt.2021.01014

Drug Discov Ther. 2021;15(3):162-165. doi: 10.5582/ddt.2021.01043.

ABSTRACT

In the present study, to identify the clinical significance of the cytokeratin (CK) 20 staining pattern in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), we retrospectively analyzed the major clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of 12 cases of MCC. Typical dot-like pattern was seen in eight of our patients, while four patients showed peripheral staining pattern. Interestingly, all cases of MCC with dot-like CK20 tumor cells occurred in the head and neck region, while those with peripheral CK20 pattern tended to be located in other lesions (forearm, knee, or buttock): The difference of frequency in the head and neck regions was statistically significant. Dot-like CK20 staining pattern may therefore be resulted from ultraviolet exposure. Additionally, although without significance, metastasis was more frequent in those with dot-like CK20 than in peripheral CK20 staining: All patients with peripheral CK20 pattern had complete remission by surgical excision with or without radiation therapy. CK20 staining pattern may be a novel predictor of prognosis.

PMID:34234066 | DOI:10.5582/ddt.2021.01043

Glob Health Sci Pract. 2021 Jul 1;9(2):220-228. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00233. Print 2021 Jun 30.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:34234020 | DOI:10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00233

Respir Care. 2021 Jul 7:respcare.09191. doi: 10.4187/respcare.09191. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Background Awake prone positioning (APP) has been advocated to improve oxygenation and prevent intubations of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper aims to synthesize the available evidence on the efficacy of APP.Methods: We performed a systematic review of proportional outcomes from observational studies to compare intubation rate in patients treated with APP or with standard care.Results: A total of 46 published and 4 unpublished observational studies that included 2994 patients were included, of which 921 patients were managed with APP, and 870 patients were managed with usual care. APP was associated with significant improvement of oxygenation parameters in 381 cases of 19 studies that reported this outcome. Among the 41 studies assessing intubation rates (870 patients treated with APP, and 852 patients treated with usual care), the intubation rate was 27%(95%CI, 19 to 37%), as compared to 30%(95%CI, 20 to 42%)(p=0.71), even when duration of application, use of adjunctive respiratory assist device (high flow nasal cannula or non-invasive ventilation) and severity of oxygenation deficit were taken into account. There appeared to be a trend toward improved mortality when treated with APP was compared with usual care (11% v.s. 22%), which was not statistically significant.Conclusions: APP was associated with improvement of oxygenation but did not reduce the intubation rate in patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19. This finding is limited by the high heterogeneity and the observational nature of included studies. Randomized controlled clinical studies are needed to definitively assess whether APP could improve key outcome such as intubation and mortality rate in these patients.

PMID:34234032 | DOI:10.4187/respcare.09191

BMJ Open. 2021 Jul 7;11(7):e047920. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047920.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study is designed to identify different body mass index (BMI) trajectories of individuals aged 40-70 years and test the effect of distinct BMI trajectories on incident hypertension.

DESIGN: The accelerated longitudinal design was used for this study.

METHODS: The study drew data from the third to ninth China Health and Nutrition Surveys (CHNS), and 4697 participants were included between 1991 and 2015. As analysed, three distinct individual BMI trajectories were identified by the latent class growth mixed model (LCGMM). Then, BMI values and BMI slopes were worked out through calculation with LCGMM trajectory parameters and their primary derivatives, respectively. Later, Cox proportional hazard models were applied to examine BMI values and slopes, and find out the relationship between the said predicted data and incident hypertension for different classes.

RESULTS: Three different trajectory classes were identified, that is, low-stable class (n=3711), sharp-increasing class (n=282) and high-stable class (n=704). Compared with the low-stable class, the adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 1.321 (1.119 to 1.559) and 1.504 (1.322 to 1.711) for the sharp-increasing class and the high-stable class, respectively. The HR (95% CI) for BMI values rose from 1.081 (1.030 to 1.135) to 1.221 (1.171 to 1.273) while the HR (95% CI) for BMI slopes dropped from 1.154 (1.100 to 1.211) to 0.983 (0.943 to 1.025). That is, the HR for BMI slopes were higher than that for BMI values for the class aged 40-47 years.

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the calibrated BMI trajectories for the period from mid-life to elderly adulthood have a significant effect on the risk of incident hypertension. The period from age 40 to 47 years is critical and has positive implications for the early prevention of hypertension.

PMID:34233991 | DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047920

BMJ Open. 2021 Jul 7;11(7):e049302. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049302.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: There is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic will be associated with an increase in suicides, but evidence supporting a link between pandemics and suicide is limited. Using data from the three influenza pandemics of the 20th century, we aimed to investigate whether an association exists between influenza deaths and suicide deaths.

DESIGN: Time series analysis.

SETTING: Sweden.

PARTICIPANTS: Deaths from influenza and suicides extracted from the Statistical Yearbook of Sweden for 1910-1978, covering three pandemics (the Spanish influenza, the Asian influenza and the Hong Kong influenza).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Annual suicide rates in Sweden among the whole population, men and women. Non-linear autoregressive distributed lag models was implemented to explore if there is a short-term and/or long-term relationship of increases and decreases in influenza death rates with suicide rates during 1910-1978.

RESULTS: Between 1910 and 1978, there was no evidence of either short-term or long-term significant associations between influenza death rates and changes in suicides (β coefficients of 0.00002, p=0.931 and β=0.00103, p=0.764 for short-term relationship of increases and decreases in influenza death rates, respectively, with suicide rates, and β=-0.0002, p=0.998 and β=0.00211, p=0.962 for long-term relationship of increases and decreases in influenza death rates, respectively, with suicide rates). The same pattern emerged in separate analyses for men and women.

CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence of short-term or long-term association between influenza death rates and suicide death rates across three 20th century pandemics.

PMID:34233997 | DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049302

BMJ Qual Saf. 2021 Jul 7:bmjqs-2021-012990. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2021-012990. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A report suggesting large between-hospital variations in mortality after admission for COVID-19 in England attracted much media attention but used crude rates. We aimed to quantify these variations between hospitals and over time during England’s first wave (March to July 2020) and assess available patient-level and hospital-level predictors to explain those variations.

METHODS: We used administrative data for England, augmented by hospital-level information. Admissions were extracted with COVID-19 codes. In-hospital death was the primary outcome. Risk-adjusted mortality ratios (standardised mortality ratios) and interhospital variation were calculated using multilevel logistic regression. Early-wave (March to April) and late-wave (May to July) periods were compared.

RESULTS: 74 781 admissions had a primary diagnosis of COVID-19, with 21 984 in-hospital deaths (29.4%); the 30-day total mortality rate was 28.8%. The crude in-hospital death rate fell in all ages and overall from 32.9% in March to 13.4% in July. Patient-level predictors included age, male gender, non-white ethnic group (early period only) and several comorbidities (obesity early period only). The only significant hospital-level predictor was daily COVID-19 admissions in the late period; we did not find a relation with staff absences for COVID-19, mechanical ventilation bed occupancies, total bed occupancies or bed occupancies for COVID-19 admissions in either period. Just 4 (3%) and 2 (2%) hospitals were high, and 5 (4%) and 0 hospitals were low funnel plot mortality outliers at 3 SD for early and late periods, respectively, after risk adjustment. We found no strong correlation between early and late hospital-level mortality (r=0.17, p=0.06).

CONCLUSIONS: There was modest variation in mortality following admission for COVID-19 between English hospitals after adjustment for risk and random variation, in marked contrast to early media reports. Early-period mortality did not predict late-period mortality.

PMID:34234008 | DOI:10.1136/bmjqs-2021-012990

BMJ Open. 2021 Jul 7;11(7):e045614. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045614.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of further procedures and serious adverse events (SAEs) requiring admission to hospital following elective surgery for base of thumb osteoarthritis (BTOA), and the patient factors associated with these outcomes.

DESIGN: Population based cohort study.

SETTING: National Health Service using the national Hospital Episode Statistics data set linked to mortality records over a 19-year period (01 April 1998-31 March 2017).

PARTICIPANTS: 43 076 primary surgeries were followed longitudinally in secondary care until death or migration on 37 329 patients over 18 years of age.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of further thumb base procedures (including revision surgery or intra-articular steroid injection) at any time postoperatively, and local wound complications and systemic events (myocardial infarction, stroke, respiratory tract infection, venous thromboembolic events, urinary tract infection or renal failure) within 30 and 90 days. To identify patient factors associated with outcome, Fine and Gray model regression analysis was used to adjust for the competing risk of mortality in addition to age, overall comorbidity and socioeconomic status.

RESULTS: Over the 19 years, there was an increasing trend in surgeries undertaken. The rate of further thumb base procedures after any surgery was 1.39%; the lowest rates after simple trapeziectomy (1.12%), the highest rates after arthroplasty (3.84%) and arthrodesis (3.5%). When matched for age, comorbidity and socioeconomic status, those undergoing arthroplasty and arthrodesis were 2.5 times more likely to undergo a further procedure (subHR 2.51 (95% CI 1.81 to 3.48) and 2.55 (1.91 to 3.40)) than those undergoing simple trapeziectomy. Overall complication rates following surgery were 0.22% for serious local complications and 0.58% for systemic events within 90 days of surgery.

CONCLUSIONS: The number of patients proceeding to BTOA surgery has increased over the last 19 years, with a low rate of further thumb base procedures and SAEs after surgery overall registered. Arthrodesis and arthroplasty had a significantly higher revision rate.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03573765.

PMID:34233971 | DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045614