Genome Biol Evol. 2022 Jul 22:evac112. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evac112. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Polypodium hydriforme is an enigmatic parasite that belongs to the phylum Cnidaria. Its taxonomic position has been debated: while it was previously suggested to be part of Medusozoa, recent phylogenomic analyses based on nuclear genes support the view that P. hydriforme and Myxozoa form a clade called Endocnidozoa. Medusozoans have linear mitochondrial (mt) chromosomes while myxozoans, as most metazoan species, have circular chromosomes. In this work, we determined the structure of the mt genome of P. hydriforme, using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies reads, and showed that it is circular. This suggests that P. hydriforme is not nested within Medusozoa, as this would entail linearization followed by re-circulation. Instead, our results support the view that P. hydriforme is a sister clade to Myxozoa, and mt linearization in the lineage leading to medusozoans occurred after the divergence of Myxozoa + P. hydriforme. Detailed analyses of the assembled P. hydriforme mt genome show that: (1) It is encoded on a single circular chromosome with an estimated size of ∼93,000 base pairs, making it one of the largest metazoan mt genomes; (2) Around 78% of the genome encompasses a non-coding region composed of several repeat types; (3) Similar to Myxozoa, no mt tRNAs were identified; (4) The codon TGA is a stop codon and does not encode for tryptophan as in other cnidarians; (5) Similar to other myxozoan mt genomes, it is extremely fast-evolving.
PMID:35867352 | DOI:10.1093/gbe/evac112
