Eur J Nutr. 2026 Jan 24;65(1):35. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03883-8.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:41579201 | DOI:10.1007/s00394-025-03883-8
Int Urogynecol J. 2026 Jan 24. doi: 10.1007/s00192-026-06517-7. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Strengthening the diaphragm muscle, the roof of the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs), may be a potential complementary approach in women suffering from stress urinary incontinence (SUI). This pilot randomized controlled study was aimed at investigating the effects of home-based telerehabilitation-assisted high-intensity inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on PFM function and urinary symptoms in women with SUI.
METHODS: Twenty-two women aged 25-50 years with SUI were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 11) or the control group (n = 11). Inspiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory pressure [MIP]), PFM function (assessed via pressure biofeedback), and urinary symptoms (evaluated using the Urogenital Distress Inventory Short Form, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form, and the Incontinence Severity Index) were evaluated. Participants performed IMT twice daily, 7 days a week, over 8 weeks. The intervention group underwent IMT at 60% of their baseline MIP, whereas the control group performed a sham-IMT.
RESULTS: Function of the PFMs showed significant improvement in the intervention group compared with the control group, as demonstrated by increases in peak maximum voluntary contraction (p = 0.024, η2 effect size = 0.24), average maximum voluntary contraction (p = 0.027, η2 effect size = 0.23), and PFM endurance (p = 0.006, η2 effect size = 0.36). Additionally, the intervention group showed a significant increase in MIP (p = 0.018, η2 effect size = 0.26) compared with the control group. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in urinary symptom scores (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrates that home-based high-intensity IMT may enhance inspiratory muscle strength and potentially contribute to improved PFM function in women with SUI.
PMID:41579192 | DOI:10.1007/s00192-026-06517-7
Int Urogynecol J. 2026 Jan 24. doi: 10.1007/s00192-025-06510-6. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition among aging women, whereas rectal prolapse (RP) is uncommon. The change of anatomy and vector of downward force after surgical repair of POP may be a risk factor for RP. The objective of this study is to examine the occurrence of RP after surgical repair of POP and associated clinical factors.
METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed from 2013 to 2024 for women who had undergone surgery for POP at a single institution. Demographic variables were analyzed. Correct diagnoses were validated, and clinical courses were extracted. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed.
RESULTS: A total of 2381 surgeries for POP were performed (2150 reconstructive, 231 obliterative). Seven patients developed RP, 0.14% of patients who had undergone reconstructive surgery, and 1.7% in whom obliterative vaginal surgery had been performed. In univariate analysis, the odds of a patient being diagnosed with RP after reconstructive repair were 12 times lower than after an obliterative repair (OR 0.08, CI 0.012-0.48, p < 0.05). After adjusting for age, parity, and BMI, patients who had undergone obliterative surgical repair still showed higher odds of developing RP than those who had undergone reconstructive repair, although this finding did not reach statistical significance (OR 6.15, 95% CI 0.76-44.84, p = 0.09).
CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory description of the finding of RP in patients who had undergone surgical repair of POP generates the hypothesis that there is a higher likelihood of the developing RP in patients who undergo obliterative vaginal repairs than in those who undergo reconstructive vaginal repairs. Further research is needed to elucidate this relationship.
PMID:41579187 | DOI:10.1007/s00192-025-06510-6
Eur Radiol. 2026 Jan 24. doi: 10.1007/s00330-025-12286-6. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:41579180 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-025-12286-6
Mov Disord. 2026 Jan 24. doi: 10.1002/mds.70194. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pain affects up to 87% of people with multiple system atrophy (MSA), but it remains unclear which types of pain contribute most to the overall burden.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of different types of pain in MSA individuals.
METHODS: In 2023, individuals with MSA completed a web-based survey that included the King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Questionnaire (KPPQ) and additional questions addressing pain related to MSA core features (eg, coat-hanger pain, pain due to bladder-issues, cold extremities, bruises, and pressure sores). Respondents were matched by age, gender, and disease duration with historical cohorts of individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and healthy controls (n = 96 each) who had previously completed the KPPQ.
RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-seven MSA individuals with pain completed the survey. The most frequently reported KPPQ types of pain were nocturnal pain (73%), musculoskeletal pain (63%), and fluctuation-related pain (62%). Common additional pain sources included coat-hanger pain (59%), cold extremities (48%), and bruises (44%). All KPPQ pain types were significantly more frequent in MSA than in healthy controls, except for musculoskeletal pain (63% vs. 66%, P = 0.722). Compared with PD, MSA individuals reported less musculoskeletal (63% vs. 78%, P = 0.023), but more orofacial pain (32% vs. 12%, P < 0.001) on the KPPQ.
CONCLUSIONS: MSA is associated with both non-specific and disease-related pain types, which may be neuropathic, nociceptive, nociplastic, or mixed in nature. These findings inform the development of tailored tools for identifying distinct pain sources in MSA, as each may require a specific therapeutic approach, including targeted treatment of motor and non-motor symptoms. © 2026 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. © 2026 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
PMID:41578842 | DOI:10.1002/mds.70194
Eurasian J Med. 2025 Dec 30;57(4):1-6. doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2025.251160.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cognitive flexibility (CF) is an ability to adapt to a changing environment, which is a prominent skill in children at school age. ADHD is a common disorder of childhood and can be accompanied by cognitivedisengagement syndrome (CDS, previously referred to as “sluggish cognitive tempo”). This study aimed to assess CDS’s effect on CF in children with ADHD by using neuropsychological tests.
METHODS: The study sample consisted of 100 ADHD children aged between 6 and 12 years, including 2groups: 60 ADHD-only and 40 CDS+ADHD. ADHD diagnosis and CDS symptoms in participants wereassessed by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder Fifth Edition Text Revision (DSM-5-TR)based psychiatric interviews and rating scales. The Neuropsychological Battery, consisting of 4 different tests,Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Color-Word Test, Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), and Color TrailTest, was applied to participants to compare CF of the ADHD-only group to CDS+ADHD.
RESULTS: It was found that the CDS+ADHD group showed lower performance than the ADHD-only groupin the WCST and the Semantic Fluency Test-a subtest of the VFT. However, no significant performancedifferences were found between the groups in other tests.
CONCLUSION: It was revealed that CDS co-occurrence causes lower CF performance in ADHD-diagnosedchildren. A more comprehensive approach is required to understand the nature of this difficulty. Cite this article as: Adak İ, Varan E., Ekinci ., et al. Does cognitive disengagement syndrome affectthe cognitive flexibility of children with ADHD?Eurasian J Med. 2025, 57(4), 1160, doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2025.251160.
PMID:41578829 | DOI:10.5152/eurasianjmed.2025.251160
Eurasian J Med. 2025 Dec 17;57(4):1-6. doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2025.251130.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chronic sinusitis with nasal polyp (CSwNP) is a common disease that can be recurrent at a rate of up to 40-60%. Various markers are being investigated to determine the prognosis in the treatment of nasal polyp (NP). Resistin is an inflammatory cytokine that may play a role in the etiology of NP. The aim of the study was to determine the resistin expression in NP epithelium and compare the resistin expression both in normal respiratory epithelium and NP epithelium.
METHODS: The patients who were operated for CSwNP were included as the study group, and the patients without nasal pathology were included as the control group. The operation specimens of the patients were stained with immunohistochemical methods, and the expression of resistin was examined and scored.
RESULTS: Specimens of the 115 patients were included in the study. It was determined that the frequency of asthma (P =. 006), resistin staining percentage (P = .004), resistin staining score (P = .026) and eosinophil percentage (P < .001) were statistically significantly higher in the NP patients than in the control group.
CONCLUSION: It was observed that resistin expression was higher in NP epithelium than in normal respiratory epithelium, and this is the first known study, to the authors’ knowledge, on this subject. Cite this article as: Torun MT, Yılmaz GT. Analysis of resistin expression in nasal polyp tissue. Eurasian J Med. 2025, 57(4), 1130, doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2025.251130.
PMID:41578827 | DOI:10.5152/eurasianjmed.2025.251130
Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2025 Dec 31;59(6):394-404. doi: 10.5152/j.aott.2025.25533.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: While surgical repair is standard for acute Achilles tendon ruptures, the optimal technique remains debated. This study com pares clinical, functional, and ultrasonographic outcomes between minimally invasive and open surgical approaches, with particular focus on: (1) patient-reported recovery, (2) tendon healing dynamics, and (3) the utility of ultrasound in postoperative monitoring.
METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 108 consecutive patients undergoing surgical repair for acute Achilles tendon ruptures between 2015-2023, comparing minimally invasive (n = 58; ring forceps technique) and open approaches (n = 50; Krackow technique). Functional outcomes were assessed using American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), and Madrid Sonographic Enthesitis Index (MASEI) scores at standardized 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups, while ultrasonographic evaluations quantified tendon thickness at rupture and insertion sites relative to contralat eral tendons. Complication rates and demographic variables were systematically reviewed, with all patients receiving identical postoper ative rehabilitation protocols.
RESULTS: A total of 108 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 41.56 ± 13.98 years (range, 18-68). Minimally invasive sur gery was performed in 58 patients (53.7%), while the remaining 50 patients (46.3%) underwent open surgical repair. The mean follow-up duration was 2.4 years (minimum of 2 years of follow-up). Patients in the minimally invasive group reported significantly higher PROMIS scores compared to those in the open surgery group (P < .001). However, no significant differences were observed in AOFAS or MASEI scores between the groups (P > .05). Ultrasonographic evaluation revealed that the mean tendon thickness at the rupture site was signifi cantly greater in the minimally invasive group (1.04 cm; range, 0.93-1.15) than in the open surgery group (0.87 cm; range, 0.77-0.93) (P < .001). Furthermore, the operated-to-intact tendon thickness ratio was 2.13 in the minimally invasive group and 1.78 in the open surgery group, which was also statistically significantly different (P = .006).
CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive achilles tendon repair was associated with potential advantages compared to open techniques, includ ing more favorable patient-reported outcomes (median PROMIS score 80 vs. 76, P < .001), increased tendon thickness (19% greater, P < .001), a potential indicator of differential healing patterns, and lower wound complication rates, while importantly achieving equivalent high-level function as measured by the AOFAS and MASEI scores. The main limitations of this study include its retrospective design and the potential for unmeasured confounding. Ultrasound serves as a critical postoperative tool, objectively quantifying healing progression and informing return-to-sports decisions. These findings suggest potential advantages of minimally invasive approaches and support their consideration as a viable alternative to open repair in selected patients; however, the choice of technique should be individualized based on surgeon experience and patient-specific factors. However, these associative findings require validation in randomized trials. Cite this article as: Yigit O, Erdogan MK, Canbaz SB, et al. Minimally invasive (ring forceps) versus open achilles tendon repair: A retrospective comparison of ultrasonographic and functional outcomes. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc., 2025;59(6):394-404.
PMID:41578823 | DOI:10.5152/j.aott.2025.25533
Eurasian J Med. 2025 Nov 25;57(4):1-7. doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2025.251024.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study examines the impact of trust in science on individuals’ attitudes toward the COVID19 vaccine, with an application to the parallel mediating roles of belief in conspiracy theories and general vaccine hesitancy.
METHODS: A survey of 469 adults in Türkiye was conducted online and paper-based. Direct and indirect effects (IEs) were estimated by parallel mediation analysis using PROCESS Macro Model 4 with 5000 boot strap resamples.
RESULTS: Trust in science was found to influence COVID-19 vaccine attitudes indirectly through 2 distinct psychological mechanisms: reduced belief in conspiracy theories and more positive general vaccine attitudes. Both indirect pathways were statistically significant, confirming their mediating roles. Although the mediation effect through general vaccine attitudes was larger in magnitude, the difference between the 2 IEs was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: These results point out 2 separate psychological routes connecting scientific confidence to vac cination acceptance. General vaccine attitudes could be more profound and lasting than crisis-specific ones. This paper provides theoretical and practical insights for creating long-term public health strategies that fos ter trust and combat both misinformation and deep-seated vaccine skepticism by using a parallel mediation approach in the sociocultural setting of Türkiye. Cite this article as: Kara S, Hatipoğlu SS, Arslanoglu NZ, Erdogan Z. The impact of trust in science on COVID-19 vaccine attitudes: parallel mediation through conspiracy beliefs and general vaccine hesitancy. Eurasian J Med. 2025, 57(4), 1024, doi:10.5152/eurasianjmed.2025.251024.
PMID:41578822 | DOI:10.5152/eurasianjmed.2025.251024
Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2025 Nov 25;59(6):428-433. doi: 10.5152/j.aott.2025.25472.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological and biomechanical effects of intraperitoneal (systemic) and locally applied Papaverine on tendon healing in a rat rotator cuff model in which collagenase – induced tendinopathy was induced.
METHODS: Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (local papav erine application), and Group 3 (intraperitoneal papaverine application). Supraspinatus tendinopathy was induced by surgical injection of Type I collagenase. Group 2 received local papaverine at the surgical site, while Group 3 received systemic intraperitoneal papaverine. On day 30, the rats were sacrificed, and shoulder tissues were harvested for histopathological and biomechanical analysis.
RESULTS: Histopathological evaluation revealed no significant differences among the groups regarding fiber structure, cellularity, or vascularity (P > .05). In contrast, biomechanical analysis demonstrated that the local papaverine group showed statistically significant superiority over the other groups in tendon breaking force, elongation, and durability (P < .0001).
CONCLUSION: Local application of papaverine improved the biomechanical durability of tendon tissue, although no significant histopatho logical differences were observed. These findings suggest that papaverine may contribute to regenerative processes and could serve as a supportive agent in the treatment of rotator cuff tendinopathy. However, further studies are required to confirm its clinical applicability. Cite this article as: Çelebi ME, Meydaneri S, Çakmak O. Histopathological and biomechanical effects of papaverine application in rotator cuff tendinopathy treatment: An experimental rat model study. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc., 2025;59(6):428-433.
PMID:41578820 | DOI:10.5152/j.aott.2025.25472