Nevin Manimala

Br J Health Psychol. 2026 Sep;31(3):e70093. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.70093.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: University students regularly report insufficient sleep, with almost one-third of students achieving less than 6.5 hours per night. Social media is one behaviour shown to negatively influence sleep. However, there has been a reliance on self-report measures of both processes, which may not reflect objective behaviour. The aim was to determine if there is a relationship between social media use and sleep outcomes when measured objectively, and if so, which sleep outcomes were associated with social media use.

DESIGN: A longitudinal repeated measures design was used to assess daily social media use and sleep outcomes over 14 days.

METHODS: Participants wore accelerometers to measure their sleep, with total daily social media use derived from smartphone data.

RESULTS: Sixty-two participants (M_age = 22.11 years, SD = 5.82 years) completed the study. Linear mixed models revealed no between or within-participant effects of daily social media on sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency and bedtime. However, TikTok showed a positive between-participants effect on bedtime. A generalized linear mixed model also revealed that Snapchat had a negative between-participants effect on sleep onset latency.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that the duration of time spent on social media does not impact sleep across this sample. However, interactions with different social media platforms such as TikTok and Snapchat may play an important role in influencing sleep quality. These findings suggest that behavioural measures do not reflect the same pattern of effects observed with self-report, highlighting the need for future research to corroborate findings derived from self-report.

PMID:42439038 | DOI:10.1111/bjhp.70093

J Phys Chem B. 2026 Jul 13. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6c01785. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are powerful tools for elucidating the macroscopic physical properties of materials from microscopic atomic behaviors. However, the massive, high-dimensional data sets generated by MD simulations pose a significant challenge for analysis, necessitating efficient dimensionality reduction and feature extraction techniques. While existing methods such as principal component analysis and unsupervised learning have been utilized, issues regarding data efficiency and computational cost remain. In this study, we propose a statistical analysis framework focusing on the analysis of the particle data distributions through their covariance matrices, corresponding to the second-order moments of MD trajectory data. Discrepancies between system states are quantified using statistical distances between these covariance matrices. By applying dimensionality reduction to the resulting distance matrix, we extract lower-dimensional features that characterize the systems’ dynamics. We validate the proposed method using Lennard-Jones (LJ) particle systems under different temperature conditions, as well as separate bulk systems of ice and liquid water. The results of LJ particles demonstrate an approximately linear correlation between the first principal component obtained through dimensionality reduction of the distance matrix and the diffusion coefficient. This suggests that global physical properties can be effectively inferred from local statistical information, such as covariance matrices, offering a data-efficient alternative for analyzing complex molecular systems. Furthermore, in the case of separate bulk systems of ice and liquid water, the method successfully distinguishes between the two phases, highlighting its potential for characterizing phase transitions and structural differences in molecular systems.

PMID:42439028 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jpcb.6c01785

Ginekol Pol. 2026 Jul 13. doi: 10.5603/gpl.109046. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether vaginal microbiota (VM) composition is associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) persistence.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ethics committee approval was obtained on March 7, 2024. Following completion of the two-year prospective clinical follow-up, data collection and analysis were performed between March 15, 2024, and August 15, 2024. The study was considered completed upon final data analysis and included a total of 98 women: 49 women who cleared HR-HPV infection at the two-year follow-up and 49 women with persistent HR-HPV infection. Vaginal swab samples were collected, cultured, and analyzed, with particular attention to Lactobacillus species. Vaginal microbiota profiles were evaluated and compared between groups.

RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of sociodemographic characteristics. No statistically significant differences were observed between HPV-negative and HPV-positive women or between HPV 16/18-positive and other HR-HPV positive groups with respect to Community State Types (CSTs) (p > 0.05). Overall vaginal microbiota composition did not differ significantly between HPV-positive and HPV-negative women. However, a statistically significant difference in CST distribution was observed between women with single and multiple HR-HPV infections (p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal microbiota composition does not differ significantly between HPV-positive and HPV-negative women. In contrast, significant differences are observed between women with single and multiple HR-HPV infections.

PMID:42439027 | DOI:10.5603/gpl.109046

APMIS. 2026 Jul;134(7):e70236. doi: 10.1111/apm.70236.

ABSTRACT

Serum collagen IV (Col IV) is an important marker for staging liver fibrosis, but histological baselines in healthy tissue are often lacking or biased. This study applied unbiased stereological sampling to quantify liver Col IV in healthy adult Wistar rats and assess sex differences. No significant differences were observed between sampling strategies (simple, systematic, or stratified random) or between males (4.26% ± 0.93%) and females (3.71% ± 1.27%), yielding a pooled mean of 3.96% ± 1.11%. The Col IV-positive area (3.62% ± 1.29%) did not differ significantly from the total collagen area measured by Sirius red (3.06% ± 1.72%), although a statistical trend was noted (R² = 0.5845, p = 0.0767). These data indicate that IHC-based area measurements capture a larger structural footprint of the mesh-like Col IV network than biochemical mass-based methods, and that 58% of the variance in Col IV area is explained by Sirius red-positive area, suggesting a regulated spatial balance. The absence of sex effects on Col IV implies that previously reported sex-related differences in total liver collagen likely involve other collagen types. Unbiased Col IV quantification may support validation of minimally invasive methods for staging liver fibrosis.

PMID:42439020 | DOI:10.1111/apm.70236

ACS Nano. 2026 Jul 13. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6c07232. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CrCl₃, a layered van der Waals (vdW) magnet, exhibits in-plane magnetic anisotropy and enhanced interlayer coupling upon stacking, making it an ideal platform to host exotic nanoscale magnetic phenomena such as magnon hydrodynamics and Meron-like topological spin defects. When interfaced with other vdW materials, its antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transitions and magnetic anisotropy can be tuned by voltage, strain, and layer stacking. Understanding the spin dynamics of CrCl₃ at its magnetic phase transitions is crucial to its applications in magnonics. Here, we investigate the spin dynamics of CrCl₃ nanoflakes using cryogenic diamond quantum sensing microscopy, based on measuring optically detected magnetic resonance, Rabi oscillations, and spin-lattice relaxation time (T₁) of shallow nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. In the ferromagnetic regime, we observe a pronounced reduction in the NV spin resonance contrast, a collapse of the Rabi oscillations, and a strong enhancement by 2 orders of magnitude of the relaxation rate Γ₁ = 1/T₁. These observations indicate intensified spin fluctuations in the gigahertz range. Broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy on CrCl₃ crystals reveals resonance frequencies in the 4-15 GHz range together with a line width of ∼24 mT, further supporting the NV measurements. A phenomenological model of magnetic-noise-induced NV relaxation reproduces the temperature dependence of Γ₁ by combining antiferromagnetic, ferromagnetic, and paramagnetic fluctuation channels, indicating that magnetic noise is strongest in the ferromagnetic regime and evolves markedly across the phase transition. These results are crucial for using CrCl₃ in 2D magnonics and hybrid quantum-magnon systems.

PMID:42439011 | DOI:10.1021/acsnano.6c07232

Pol Przegl Chir. 2026 Jun 8;98(3):1-9. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0055.7863.

ABSTRACT

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Artificial intelligence, particularly large language models like ChatGPT-5.0, is increasingly applied in medical education and decision support. At the same time, there is a lack of research assessing the effectiveness of the latest language models in high-stakes specialized examinations in Poland, which justifies the need for such an analysis.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study evaluates ChatGPT-5.0’s performance on the Polish Specialization Examination (PES) in general surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 701 single-choice questions from six PES sessions (2023-2025) were analyzed. The questions were divided into various categories. Each question was independently posed to ChatGPT-5.0 three times, and responses were compared with official answer keys. AI performance was compared with that of residents.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> ChatGPT-5.0 achieved scores ranging from 75.6% to 82.8%, with an overall accuracy of 81-84%, consistently exceeding both the 60% pass threshold and the average score of residents. While ChatGPT-5.0 occasionally outperformed the top-performing residents, the highest human scores were superior in most sessions. Confidence scores were positively correlated with answer accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> ChatGPT-5.0 demonstrates strong written exam performance in general surgery. These findings highlight the potential of AI in medical education and exam preparation, while underscoring the limitations of single-choice assessments for clinical competence.</p><p><strong>The significance of the study:</strong> This study provides the first systematic evaluation of ChatGPT-5.0 on the National Specialty Examination in General Surgery in Poland, offering new insights into how advanced AI models perform across clinical domains and cognitive task types, and highlighting their potential role in future surgical training frameworks.</p&gt.

PMID:42439001 | DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0055.7863

Pol Przegl Chir. 2026 May 26;98(3):1-10. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0055.7787.

ABSTRACT

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is a major complication of diabetes associated with high rates of amputation, recurrence, and healthcare utilization. The prognostic interaction between clinical and microbiological markers remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong> The present analysis aimed to characterize clinical, inflammatory, and microbiological predictors of course and resource use in surgically managed DFI.</p><p><strong>Material and methods:</strong> We retrospectively analyzed 121 hospitalizations of 86 patients treated surgically for DFI (2021-2025). Clinical, laboratory, and microbiological variables were assessed in relation to amputation, reamputation, rehospitalization, length of stay (LOS), and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Amputation was performed in 72/121 episodes (59.5%), including 57 minor and 15 major procedures. Reamputation occurred in 13/72 cases (18.1%). Rehospitalization was recorded in 42/86 patients (48.8%). Median LOS was 13 days (IQR 8-21). A total of 227 isolates were obtained, with <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> (38 isolates, 16.7%) and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (28 isolates, 12.3%) being the most frequent. Polymicrobial infections were present in 75/121 episodes (63%). Neuro-ischemic ulcer phenotype independently predicted reamputation (aOR 3.72; p = 0.036). <em>Staphylococcaceae</em> increased the likelihood of rehospitalization (aOR 3.32; p = 0.014). NLR >5 prolonged LOS by 42%, and <em>Enterococcus</em> spp. by 51%. Repeat hospitalizations showed enrichment of ESBL <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (5 cases) and HLAR E. faecalis (9 cases).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ulcer phenotype and systemic inflammatory response were the strongest predictors of adverse outcomes. Microbiology contributed selective yet clinically meaningful prognostic information, particularly regarding <em>Staphylococcaceae</em> and <em>Enterococcus</em> spp.</p&gt.

PMID:42439000 | DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0055.7787

Psychol Rep. 2026 Jul 13:332941251378975. doi: 10.1177/00332941251378975. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The widespread growth of smartphones in recent decades has significantly influenced the social and daily lives of individuals. The proliferation of technological devices along with their unique features has become one of the major challenges for individuals, especially young people. The present study examines the relationship between smartphone addiction, Narcissism, impulsivity with the moderating role of gender in young people in Tehran. A correlation approach using structural equation modeling is used to investigate these relationships. The statistical population was all young people aged 18 to 35 in Tehran, 347 people (M = 24.51, SD = 5.63) were selected using convenience sampling who were provided with the Smartphone Addiction Inventory by Lin et al. (2014), Ames’s Narcissistic Personality Inventory (1988), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (2004). Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software and AMOUS software was used to analyze the moderating role of gender. The results of this study showed that individuals with high levels of narcissism and impulsivity are more likely to develop addiction to smartphones. The results particularly emphasized that gender acts as an important moderating variable in these relationships. The relationship between narcissism, impulsivity, and smartphone addiction is stronger in women and weaker in men. The findings of this research can be useful for organizations, educational institutions, and addiction therapists, especially in the field of virtual addictions, as an effective tool for understanding and preventing smartphone addiction.

PMID:42438995 | DOI:10.1177/00332941251378975

Minerva Urol Nephrol. 2026 Jun;78(3):430-437. doi: 10.23736/S2724-6051.26.06906-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with intracorporeal urinary diversion (iUD) has facilitated the development of several orthotopic neobladder (ON) configurations. However, comparative evidence between iON types remains limited. This study aimed to provide a head-to-head comparison between modified Bordeaux Neobladder (mBN) and Padua Ileal Bladder (PIB) in terms of surgical technique, perioperative outcomes and functional results.

METHODS: We prospectively analyzed patients from an IRB-approved database undergoing RARC with totally iON reconstruction between January 2022 and July 2025. Eligible patients had muscle-invasive bladder cancer or BCG-refractory high-grade NMIBC and received either mBN or PIB reconstruction by a single experienced robotic surgical team. Outcomes included operative time, transfusion rates, perioperative and early postoperative complications, diversion-related morbidity and continence recovery assessed through 3-day voiding diaries. Continuous variables were compared with Student’s t-test, while categorical variables with χ² Fisher’s Exact Tests. Functional recovery was compared via Kaplan-Meier analyses and log-rank tests. A two-sided P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Seventy-nine patients were included (38 mBN; 41 PIB). Baseline characteristics were comparable. Operative time (286±45 vs. 297±33 min; P=0.18), transfusion rates (11% vs. 17%; P=0.31) and hospital stay (7±7 vs. 6±3 days; P=0.41) showed no significant differences. Perioperative and 30-day complication rates were similar, as were 90-day outcomes. Uretero-ileal leakages (3% vs. 12%; P=0.12) and strictures (11% vs. 12%; P=1.00) occurred infrequently in both groups. Day- and night-time continence recovery and intermittent self-catheterization rates (8% vs. 15%; P=0.28) were comparable.

CONCLUSIONS: In this single-center observational cohort, the modified Bordeaux Neobladder demonstrated perioperative and early functional outcomes comparable to those of the Padua Ileal Bladder after RARC with intracorporeal orthotopic diversion. These findings require confirmation in larger multicenter studies with longer follow-up and objective functional assessment.

PMID:42438988 | DOI:10.23736/S2724-6051.26.06906-5

Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2026 Jul 1:1. doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2026.2560. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: In paediatric dentistry, it is essential to investigate the individual risk factors for caries development and to assign each patient a risk category for the onset of new lesions. This approach is crucial to planning personalised preventive and therapeutic strategies. This study aims to develop a simple and reproducible caries risk assessment index, designed for daily use by dental hygienists and assistants to support consistent monitoring of patients’ caries risk in clinical practice.

MATERIALS: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted following a comprehensive literature review to identify evidence-based caries risk indicators. A simplified caries risk assessment tool was developed and structured into a colour-coded evaluation grid. The tool was tested in a paediatric clinical setting on 494 patients aged 0-16 years, of whom 417 met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. Each assessment was completed by a dentist, dental assistant or dental hygienist after standardised training. Descriptive statistics were applied to evaluate the distribution of risk scores and associated variables.

CONCLUSION: The simplified tool demonstrated good applicability in routine paediatric care and enabled consistent identification of individual caries risk profiles. Its ease of use and visual scoring system make it suitable for implementation in daily practice, including by trained non-dental personnel, supporting preventive strategies and early intervention.

PMID:42438975 | DOI:10.23804/ejpd.2026.2560