Nevin Manimala

Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 24;15(1):41522. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-25311-x.

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the widespread dissemination of fake news on social media has raised concerns about its impact on public opinion, trust, and decision-making. Addressing the limitations of traditional detection methods, this study introduces a hybrid deep learning approach that enhances the identification of fake news. The objective is to improve detection accuracy and model robustness by combining a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network for contextual feature extraction with a Convolutional Gaussian Perceptron Neural Network (CGPNN) for classification. To further optimize performance, we integrated a metaheuristic Moth-Flame Whale Optimization (MFWO) algorithm for hyperparameter tuning. Experimental evaluation was conducted on four benchmark datasets ISOT, Fakeddit, BuzzFeedNews, and FakeNewsNet using standardized preprocessing techniques and TF-IDF-based text representation. Results show that the proposed model outperforms existing methods, achieving up to 98% accuracy, 95% F1-score, and statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) over transformer-based and graph neural network models. These findings suggest that the hybrid framework effectively captures linguistic patterns and textual irregularities in deceptive content. The proposed method offers a scalable and efficient solution for fake news detection with practical applications in social media monitoring, digital journalism, and public awareness campaigns. Overall, the framework delivers 3-8% higher accuracy and F1-score compared to state-of-the-art approaches, demonstrating both robustness and practical applicability for large-scale fake news detection.

PMID:41285851 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-25311-x

Nat Commun. 2025 Nov 24;16(1):10376. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-65316-8.

ABSTRACT

The chaotic dynamics of small-scale vorticity plays a key role in understanding and controlling turbulence, with direct implications for energy transfer, mixing, and coherent structure evolution. However, measuring or controlling its dynamics remains a major conceptual and experimental challenge due to its transient and chaotic nature. Here we use a combination of experiments, theory, and simulations to show that small magnetic particles of different densities, exploring flow regions of distinct vorticity statistics, can act as effective probes for measuring and forcing turbulence at its smallest scale. The interplay between the magnetic torque, from an externally controllable magnetic field, and hydrodynamic stresses, from small-scale turbulent vorticity, uncovers an extremely rich phenomenology. Notably, we present the first experimental and numerical observation of stochastic resonance for particles in turbulence, where turbulent fluctuations, remarkably acting as an effective noise, enhance the particle rotational response to external forcing. We identify a pronounced resonant peak in the particle rotational phase lag when the applied rotating magnetic field matches the characteristic intensity of small-scale turbulent vortices. Furthermore, we reveal a novel symmetry-breaking mechanism: an oscillating magnetic field with zero mean angular velocity can counterintuitively induce net particle rotation in zero-mean vorticity turbulence. Our findings pave the way to developing flexible techniques for manipulating particle dynamics in complex flows. The discovered mechanism enables a novel magnetic resonance-based approach to be developed for measuring turbulent vorticity. In this approach, particles act as probes, emitting a detectable magnetic field that can characterize turbulence even under conditions that are optically inaccessible.

PMID:41285830 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-025-65316-8

Nat Commun. 2025 Nov 24;16(1):10037. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-65943-1.

ABSTRACT

The surface tectonic style of rocky planets controls interior evolution, geologic activity, dynamo action, atmospheric composition, and thus, habitability. In the solar system, Earth is unique in exhibiting plate tectonics, but it also displays a protracted history of diverse tectonic regimes. To understand the dynamics of the coupled plate-mantle system, here we explore 2D hemispheric-scale thermochemical mantle convection models with self-consistent magmatism that reach the statistical steady state. By statistical analysis of model predictions, we quantitatively distinguish between six tectonic regimes, including the mobile, stagnant, sluggish, plutonic-squishy and episodic lids. In addition, we discover the episodic-squishy lid regime, characterized by alternating episodes of plutonic-squishy lid and mobile-lid behavior. By mapping out these regimes over a wide parameter space, we constrain the conditions for potential regime transitions during planetary cooling. Based on geological evidence of Earth’s tectonic history, our results point to decreasing effective lithospheric strength during planetary evolution, consistent with previously-proposed physical weakening mechanisms. We also suggest an important role of the episodic-squishy lid for early Earth and present-day Venus. Thus, our study helps to understand the tectonic history of terrestrial planets as they cool over time.

PMID:41285820 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-025-65943-1

NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2025 Nov 24. doi: 10.1038/s41531-025-01214-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Previous studies link lower physical activity with incident Parkinson’s disease (PD) but rely on self-reported data and fail to address reverse causation. This study used accelerometer-derived daily step count, an objective measure of physical activity, to examine its association with incident PD in the UK Biobank, within successive periods of follow-up. PD cases were identified through hospital inpatient and death data, and associated with machine learning-derived step counts using Cox regression models, adjusted for age, sex, demographic and lifestyle factors. For 94,696 valid participants and a median follow-up of 7.9 years, 407 incident PD cases occurred. Every 1000 steps higher were associated with 8% lower risk of PD (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.89-0.94). However, this association was no longer statistically significant when excluding follow-up periods closer to the time of accelerometer wear, suggesting that low activity may be an early marker, but not a risk factor for PD.

PMID:41285792 | DOI:10.1038/s41531-025-01214-6

Nat Commun. 2025 Nov 24;16(1):10372. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-65373-z.

ABSTRACT

Understanding the interaction between complex urban environments and human mobility flow patterns underpins adaptive transport systems, resilient communities, and sustainable urban developments, yet inter-regional origin-destination mobility flow information from traditional surveys are costly to update. The satellite imagery offers up-to-date information on urban sensing and opens avenues to examine urban morphology-mobility dynamics. This study develops a deep learning model, Imagery2Flow for predicting fine-grained human mobility flows in urban areas using 10 to 30-meter medium resolution satellite imagery in a timely and low-cost manner. Extensive experiments demonstrate good performance and flexible spatial-temporal generalizability on the top-10 largest metropolitan statistical areas of the United States. Through exploring the spatial heterogeneous effects, we investigate the urban factors (centrality and compactness) influencing human movement flow distributions, enhancing our comprehension of their interactions. The spatial transferability of Imagery2Flow helps reduce regional inequality by informing decisions in data-poor regions, learning from data-rich ones. Interestingly, the typologies of urban sprawl can help explain the cross-city model generalization capability. The temporal transferability proves that human dynamics of cities and the process of urbanization can be well captured from the observed built environment by remote sensing.

PMID:41285790 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-025-65373-z

Nutr Diabetes. 2025 Nov 24;15(1):50. doi: 10.1038/s41387-025-00405-7.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: High fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) is a major risk factor for diseases, posing a serious public health challenge. This study examines the global burden of 13 non-communicable diseases (NCDs) attributed to HFPG.

METHODS: We used the 2021 GBD Study to analyze deaths and DALYs linked to HFPG( > 4.90-5.30 mmol/L). Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) was used to assess development levels, with subgroup analyses by geography, year, gender, and SDI.

RESULTS: In 2021, HFPG contributed to 5.15 million deaths and 151.95 million DALYs globally. From 1990 to 2021, the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in deaths and DALYs were 0.11 and 0.55, respectively. Diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke accounted for the most deaths (1.66, 1.35, and 0.84 million). Liver cancer, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and pancreatic cancer showed the fastest mortality increases, with EAPCs of 1.90, 1.69, and 1.34, respectively. IHD and stroke had declining mortality burdens, with EAPCs of -0.13 and -0.98.

CONCLUSION: Over 30 years, HFPG-related NCDs have increased globally. Diabetes, IHD, and stroke remain the top burdens, while liver cancer, CKD, and pancreatic cancer are rising fastest. The disease burden in men is higher than in women, except for people with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias and people with blindness and vision loss (BVL).

PMID:41285708 | DOI:10.1038/s41387-025-00405-7

Toxicol Mech Methods. 2025 Nov 24:1-25. doi: 10.1080/15376516.2025.2590731. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Asbestiform fibers and cleavage fragments of the same mineral have different origins, though distinguishing between samples of fibers and fragments is often complicated. This study aims to demonstrate an efficient method for distinguishing between samples of two commercial amphibole asbestos types (crocidolite and amosite) and their non-asbestiform varieties. For the study, 15 dimensional datasets were used. For classification, two metrics were used: the fraction of elongate mineral particles with 2.99log₁₀(length)-5.82log₁₀(width)-3.80 ≥ 0, and the Pearson Index, which is the linear correlation coefficient between log₁₀(width) and log₁₀(length) of elongate mineral particles in the set. The decision boundary of CriteriaParticlesFraction ≥ 0.34PearsonIndex + 0.35 was found to predict the correct habit for amphibole datasets with an average error rate of 0.4% (Cohen’s Kappa statistics 0.992). Additionally, several quantitative characteristics were used that have been demonstrated to be predictive of mesothelioma potency factors of elongate particles. These include dimensional coefficient of carcinogenicity (DCC), found as 1 – exp(-A x Surface Area^K/(B x width^T +C)), EMPA (fraction of particles longer than 5 µm with diameter not higher than 0.15 µm), EMPB (fraction of particles longer than 5 µm with diameter not higher than 0.25 µm), and aerodynamic diameter of the particles. It was demonstrated that asbestiform and non-asbestiform datasets have significantly different dimensional parameters that can be related to dissimilar toxicological effects.

PMID:41285700 | DOI:10.1080/15376516.2025.2590731

Aust Health Rev. 2025 Dec 4;49(6):AH25156. doi: 10.1071/AH25156.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Increased global attention on enhancing the support available for critical care survivors to improve their health outcomes has led to an exploration of the integration of care between intensive care and primary care. The satisfaction of the experience between critical care survivors and their general practitioner (GP) remains unknown.

OBJECTIVES: To determine how satisfied Australian critical care survivors are with their GP and general practice experience.

METHODS: A prospective multi-centre observational cohort study of adult intensive care unit patients was completed across three tertiary hospitals in Victoria, Australia. Adult intensive care unit survivors who were mechanically ventilated for >24 h were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome measure was the frequency scores of the General Practice Assessment Questionnaire domains. The General Practice Assessment Questionnaire is a 35-item survey measuring the domains of general practice reception, access, continuity of care, communication, enablement and overall satisfaction.

RESULTS: A total of 51 participants were recruited. Of these, 98% reported having a preferred GP, 96% reported confidence and trust in their GP and 88% would recommend their clinic to new patients. High satisfaction was reported across all General Practice Assessment Questionnaire domains.

CONCLUSIONS: Survivors of critical illness report high satisfaction in their experience with their GP and general practice from participants from socioeconomically diverse areas.

PMID:41285692 | DOI:10.1071/AH25156

Rev Environ Health. 2025 Nov 26. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2025-0068. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Exposure to BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) can lead to various health issues. Despite the proven health effects, there are limited studies on the presence of BTEX compounds in municipal solid waste management facilities (MSWMFs). This study aims to evaluate the presence, sampling methods, and detection of BTEX in MSWMFs.

CONTENT: In the present study, the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were combined by selected keywords using Boolean operators for published articles until March 30th, 2025. Finally, statistical analyses and comparisons were performed to make management decisions to reduce health impacts.

SUMMARY: After the systematic search, 2,794 articles were found that matched with search strategy; 20 of them were used for data extraction. Results show that the concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in MSWMFs were 0.479-271 μg/m³, 0.25-514 μg/m³, 0.13-565.9 μg/m³ and 0.43-362.925 μg/m³, respectively.

OUTLOOK: The present study can provide crucial new insights for governments to make a management decision for environmental and occupational pollutions associated with BTEX emissions in MSWMFs. So, future research and monitoring will be essential to control and reduce the health issues that are related to BTEX exposure.

PMID:41285676 | DOI:10.1515/reveh-2025-0068

Eur J Intern Med. 2025 Nov 23:106600. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106600. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and they also represent a significant burden in terms of health care expenditure, equipment use, therapeutic interventions and high medical resources consumption. Despite multiple preventive and management efforts, development of epidemiological and research programs along with the implementation of tools (calculators) for cardiovascular risk assessment during the last decades, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to rise during 2025,^1,2 and it seems will be affecting our communities longer if there are no direct, coordinated and effective multidisciplinary actions. General Internal Medicine practice plays a vital role in preventing, diagnosing, treating, and addressing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and other cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The Internal Medicine setting participates in the preliminary stages of primary prevention evaluating risk factors for cardiovascular disease, measuring them objectively. ^3,4.5 Equations or validated risk calculators were developed initially by the Framingham Heart Study investigators and were followed by several world scientific heart societies (American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology,⁶ European Society of Cardiology,⁷ European Association of Preventive Cardiology),⁸ etc. These tools were created, authenticated, used, and reconditioned in the last few decades. The most recent one (AHA PREVENT) includes more representative populations, cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health factors (eGFR, HbA1c, obesity, heart failure), and a social deprivation index SDI (zip code). These new features were incorporated trying to estimate a 10-year and 30-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular ASCVD risk better, more precise, and closer to a realistic application.^9.10 As a fact, there is not a perfect calculator to measure the cardiovascular risk in each specific case. Knowing the statistical power of these calculators, their limitations, specific features of each evaluated individual, accessory tools (lipoprotein a, apolipoprotein B, coronary artery calcium CAC, etc.), clinical judgement, medical experience, the cardiovascular risk assessment could be personalized and reflect a legitimate probability of an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ASCVD risk to initiate medical actions that could impact outcomes significantly.^11,12,13,14 Based on the special characteristics of the Internal Medicine setting: unique skills on patient-centered care, integral evaluations, promoting primary prevention, applying the art of a shared decision-making rooted in trust, the primary care physician is considered invaluable for approaching, addressing, educating, implementing, and participating in cardiovascular risk assessment objectively. ^15,16,17.

PMID:41285656 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106600