Tag: nevin manimala

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2022 Nov 1;23(11):3753-3761. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.11.3753.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) is important for the early detection. CRC is relating to aging and immuno-senescence. One such senescent marker is p16INK4A expression in immune cells. The objective of the study is to investigate the protein expression of p16INK4A in peripheral white blood cells as a screening marker for colorectal cancer.

METHODS: A case-control studies were conducted. Cases were patients with colorectal cancer and controls were matched with cases based on age and sex. Peripheral blood was collected from patients and controls and the protein p16INK4A was measured with immunofluorescent techniques. The p16INK4A levels from cases and controls were evaluated using ROC analysis to be used as a screening marker in CRC patients. Mean fluorescent intensity of p16INK4A of cases and controls were analyzed in CD45+, CD3+ or CD14+ cells. The p16INK4A levels of cases were also correlated with clinical data.

RESULT: Statistically significant increased expression of p16INK4A levels were found in cases compared to controls. p16INK4A in peripheral immune cells had 78% sensitivity and 71% specificity which can possibly be used as a diagnosis tool for colorectal cancer. P16INK4A-positive cell percentage and mean florescent intensity were significantly higher in CD45+ cells, CD3 positive cells and CD14 positive cells. No significant correlation was observed with the clinical data and p16INK4A level of CRC patients.

CONCLUSION: The significant increase of p16 INK4A expression level in peripheral immune cells represents potential for use as a CRC screening marker.

PMID:36444588 | DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.11.3753

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2022 Nov 1;23(11):3743-3751. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.11.3743.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Addressing the palliative care needs requires clinicians to have sufficient knowledge of and positive attitudes toward palliative care. The study aimed to determine nurses’ and physicians’ knowledge of and attitudes towards palliative care in Iran.

METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 on 493 physicians and nurses, selected through convenience sampling. Three online questionnaires addressing caregivers’ demographic and professional’s questionnaire, Health Care Providers’ Attitude toward PC Questionnaire, and Health Care Providers’ Knowledge of PC Questionnaire were used. The data was analyzed in SPSS using correlational and descriptive statistics and regression analysis.

RESULTS: The mean score of attitude towards palliative care was 142.03 ± 11.35 and the mean score of palliative care knowledge, 19.47 ± 2.62. Considering the regression coefficients between these two mean scores (P-value = 0.001, b = 1.304), it can be inferred that knowledge is a good predictor of attitude. In addition, the mean scores of knowledge and attitude have a significant relationship with age, female gender, holding a master’s or PhD degree, the need for formal education in the field of palliative care and the need to take a palliative care course.

CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that Iranian nurses and physicians have a moderate level of knowledge and attitude towards palliative care. It is necessary to take measures in order to improve knowledge and attitude by holding retraining courses, theoretical and clinical training sessions and relevant seminars in short term, and also by integrating related topics into nursing and medical curriculums in long term.

PMID:36444587 | DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.11.3743

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2022 Nov 1;23(11):3701-3715. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.11.3701.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers in Thailand. We report the stage and survival of patients who were admitted under the public universal health fund (NHSO) covering 47 million people to determine if there were regional disparities in the treatment outcomes in the country.

METHOD: We used the 2009-2013 Nationwide Hospital Admission Data, Thailand. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were identified by the ICD10 code C22.0. Procedures were identified by ICD9-CM codes, and deaths were confirmed from the NHSO database and the national citizen registry. Thailand is divided into 6 regions and Bangkok. Hospitals were identified according to their specific reimbursement codes. Survival time started from the day of first admission and was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The statistical method used to compare regions was Chi-squared tests (Pearson, likelihood ratio, linear-by linear association and Mantel-cox).

RESULTS: There were 36,956 HCC patients admitted during the study period. The overall median survival was 36 days. 1.63% of the patients had surgery, 0.96% had radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and 5.24% had trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE). 90.24% did not have any tumor-specific therapy. The proportion of patients admitted for tumor-specific therapy vs. no tumor-specific therapy was significantly different between regions in all treatment modalities (p<0.01). Each treatment modality showed a wide range of median survival values across the regions (p<0.01). The best survival was seen in Bangkok, the South and the North (for surgery, RFA and TACE) and was often more than twice as long as the regions with the lowest survival, Central, East and West.

CONCLUSIONS: There was a large previously-unreported disparity in admissions and outcomes in Thailand for different treatment modalities for HCC. Bangkok and the South had the best treatment outcomes and often had median survivals more than twice as long as those in the West and East. Public policy to reduce this disparity will need to be implemented in the future.

PMID:36444583 | DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.11.3701

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2022 Nov 1;23(11):3685-3691. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.11.3685.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Objective of this study was estimation of Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in oral cancer survivors.

METHODS: The hundred patients with oral cancer who had undergone radiotherapy or chemotherapy were randomly selected as per inclusion criteria. Range of motion of temporomandibular joint(TMJ), visual analogue scale (VAS), Manual muscle testing (MMT), Auscultation test, Chvostek test and swelling over orofacial muscles were used as the Outcome measures.

RESULTS: The findings of this study revealed that the Temporomandibular joint was significantly dysfunctional. The group analysis demonstrated statistically significant impairments in all the Outcome measures. VAS (p<0.0001), ROM for all four motions (p<0.0001), Manual muscle testing (p<0.0001), Provocation test (52%), Auscultation test (92%), Chvostek Test (4%), and swelling (56%) were all shown significant dysfunction of TMJ.

CONCLUSION: This study showed that pain was increased during activity than at rest based on the findings of VAS pain rating scale. It was found that the range of motion of TMJ was significantly reduced; however muscular strength was minimally affected. Majority of survivors were tested positive for the provocation test and auscultation test and few for Chvostek test which indicated the involvement of facial nerve.

PMID:36444581 | DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.11.3685

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2022 Nov 1;23(11):3617-3622. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.11.3617.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the relationship between BRAF V600E and Ki-67 expression with the recurrence of well-differentiated thyroid cancers.

METHOD: The design of this study is a case-control and survival analysis. The data was taken from the thyroid cancer registry in Padang, Indonesia, where samples were taken from well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients who underwent therapy according to the protocol between 2015 and 2020. During this period, 396 well-differentiated thyroid cancer cases were obtained, of which 24 cases experienced recurrence. Of the cases that recurred, we found as many as 20 cases with complete tissue preservation documents later designated as cases. Calculating the expression of BRAF V600E and Ki-67 was performed semi-quantitatively per 100 tumor cells at random. For statistical tests, chi-square and survival analysis were performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis using a computer program with a determined significance level of p < 0.05.

RESULT: BRAF V600E expression was found in all cases and controls in which 85% of cases had vigorous intensity and 15% had moderate intensity. Ki-67 expression was found positive in 35% of the recurrent cases, while in control, there was no expression of Ki-67. Patients with positive Ki-67 expression had shorter median survival than patients with negative Ki-67 expression of 40 months (95% CI 35-45 months) to 60 months (95% CI 53-67 months). An association was obtained between Ki-67 expression and thyroid cancer recurrence based on disease-free survival (p<0.05) with HR 1.34 (95% CI 1.13-1.92).

CONCLUSION: This study confirms the association between Ki-67 expression and thyroid cancer recurrence based on disease-free survival and can be used as alternative to support the significance of Ki-67 as a predictor of thyroid cancer recurrence. In addition, Ki-67 can complement other molecular markers such as the BRAF V600E, to increase its prognostic strength.

PMID:36444572 | DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.11.3617

J Health Commun. 2022 Nov 29:1-10. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2149968. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed many communication challenges for public health authorities, especially communicating the safety, effectiveness, and importance of the COVID-19 vaccine. This study takes an integrative approach that includes a content analysis of COVID-19 vaccine-related messages from the CDC Facebook page and an experimental test of the effectiveness of the same types of vaccine-related messages on participants’ attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine. Our findings from the content analysis show that gain-frame was used significantly more than loss-frame, and statistical evidence was more prevalent than narrative evidence in the CDC’s COVID-19 vaccine-related messaging. Results from the experiment indicated that loss-framed, and messages with statistical evidence, may be more successful in promoting positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine.

PMID:36444564 | DOI:10.1080/10810730.2022.2149968

Acta Derm Venereol. 2022 Nov 29;102:adv00825. doi: 10.2340/actadv.v102.3504.

ABSTRACT

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the hair follicles. The aim of this case-control study was to assess whether HS is associated with disturbances in trabecular bone score, bone mineral density, bone remodelling markers, and calciotropic hormones. A total of 81 patients and 79 controls of similar age and sex were included. Demographic, anthropometric, laboratory data, trabecular bone score, bone mineral density, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), serum amino-terminal pro-peptide of type 1 collagen (PINP), and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) concentrations were assessed in both groups. Patients with HS had lower serum 25OHD levels than controls, and approximately 62% of them had vitamin D deficiency. Serum PINP was increased and CTX was decreased in patients with HS. Fully adjusted trabecular bone score values were lower in patients with HS compared with controls. Adjusted lumbar bone mineral density was similar in HS and controls, whilst total hip bone mineral density was lower in patients with HS. There were no statistical differences regarding disease severity in terms of 25OHD, serum turnover markers, bone mineral density, or trabecular bone score values. This study shows that patients with HS have lower trabecular bone score and total hip bone mineral density values than population-based controls. In addition, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in subjects with HS.

PMID:36444563 | DOI:10.2340/actadv.v102.3504

Psychiatr Serv. 2022 Nov 29:appips20220345. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.20220345. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The authors aimed to evaluate changes in use of government-subsidized primary mental health services, through the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS), by young people during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and whether changes were associated with age, sex, socioeconomic status, and residence in particular geographical areas.

METHODS: Interrupted time-series analyses were conducted by using quarterly mental health MBS service data (all young people ages 12-25 years, 2015-2020) for individual Statistical Area Level 3 areas across Australia. The data captured >22.4 million service records. Meta-analysis and meta-regression models estimated the pandemic interruption effect at the national level and delineated factors influencing these estimates.

RESULTS: Compared with expected prepandemic trends, a 6.2% (95% CI=5.3%-7.2%) increase was noted for all young people in use of MBS mental health services in 2020. Substantial differences were found between age and sex subgroups, with a higher increase among females and young people ages 18-25. A decreasing trend was observed for males ages 18-25 (3.5% reduction, 95% CI=2.5%-4.5%). The interruption effect was strongly associated with socioeconomic status. Service uptake increased in areas of high socioeconomic status, with smaller or limited uptake in areas of low socioeconomic status.

CONCLUSIONS: During 2020, young people’s use of primary mental health services increased overall. However, increases were inequitably distributed and relatively low, compared with increases in population-level mental health burden. Policy makers should address barriers to primary care access for young people, particularly for young males and those from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds.

PMID:36444529 | DOI:10.1176/appi.ps.20220345

Psychiatr Serv. 2022 Nov 29:appips20220378. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.20220378. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study examined telepsychiatry use among children enrolled in Medicaid before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of claims data from the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System for children (ages 3-17) with any mental health service use in 2019 (N=5,606,555) and 2020 (N=5,094,446).

RESULTS: The number of children using mental health services declined by 9.1% from 2019 to 2020. Mental health services in all care settings (inpatient, outpatient, residential, emergency department, intensive outpatient/partial hospitalization) declined except for telehealth, which increased by 829.6%. In 2020, 44.5% of children using telehealth were non-Hispanic White, 16.1% were non-Hispanic Black, and 19.7% were Hispanic. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, trauma, anxiety, depression, and behavior/conduct disorder were the most prevalent psychiatric diagnoses among children using telehealth services.

CONCLUSIONS: Although telehealth use increased substantially in 2020, overall mental health service use declined among Medicaid-enrolled children. Telehealth may not fully address unmet mental health service needs.

PMID:36444530 | DOI:10.1176/appi.ps.20220378

Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2022 Nov 29. doi: 10.5468/ogs.22232. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in twin pregnancy outcomes between 2007 and 2016 in a Korean population.

METHODS: The data for this nationwide population-based study was obtained from the national birth registry of the Korean National Statistical Office and the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service of Korea. Women with twin pregnancies who gave birth between 2007 and 2016 were included.

RESULTS: From 2007 to 2016, the rate of twin pregnancies increased (1.37% vs. 1.91%, respectively, P<0.0001). The risk of preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.66-1.89) also increased; however, the risk of twin growth discordance (aOR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99) decreased. The risks of cesarean section (aOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03-1.29), gestational diabetes mellitus (aOR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.83-2.39), and postpartum hemorrhage (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14-1.41) all increased from 2007 to 2016.

CONCLUSION: Twin pregnancy outcomes have changed significantly in Korea over a recent 10-year period.

PMID:36444516 | DOI:10.5468/ogs.22232