Tag: pubmed

Top Stroke Rehabil. 2022 Nov 20:1-14. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2022.2145761. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Informal caregivers of stroke survivors often report the need for training on how to care for a loved one with functional mobility limitations. Evidence on training interventions to help informal caregivers with issues related to mobility is varied. The objective of this scoping review was to examine the literature including skill-based training interventions that educate caregivers on functional mobility for stroke survivors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We extracted studies from OVID Medline, Cochrane, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase published between 1990 and 2021. At every stage of assessment, data extraction forms were used to reach consensus among at least three out of four authors. We followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines and Arskey and O’Malley’s framework to chart information into several tables based on research questions and summarized with descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: Most studies were conducted outside the US focused on training in mobility and activities of daily living. The stroke survivor, on average, was an older individual (mean age 64.8 [SD = 5.3] years). The informal caregiver was predominately a younger female spouse (mean age 54.2 [SD = 6.3]). More than a third of the studies reported improvement in the stroke survivors’ physical function post-intervention, with a mean follow-up time of 4.4 months. Effective studies tended to include stroke survivors with less cognitive and functional mobility limitations at higher training dosages.

DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Gaps in our understanding of informal caregiver training for those caring for stroke survivors are identified, and recommendations are provided for future research.

PMID:36403145 | DOI:10.1080/10749357.2022.2145761

J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Nov 20. doi: 10.1111/jgh.16064. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Less attentions are paid into the adolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with gastric cancer (GC). Our study aims to explore incidence rate trend, death rate trend, and prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in AYAs with GC.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was performed. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate average annual percent change (AAPC) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for incidence and death rate trends. Prognostic factors for OS and CSS were investigated using Cox proportional hazard model and gray test, respectively, with results shown as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI.

RESULTS: Although no statistical significance, incidence rate trend showed a tendency to an increase in AYAs (AAPC = 0.2, 95% CI: -0.2 to 0.6). All-cause death rate trends were declined both in AYAs and middle-aged and elderly people (MAEP), with AAPC value of -0.6 (95% CI: -0.8 to -0.5) and -0.5 (95% CI: -0.6 to -0.4), respectively. AYAs had a lower risk of all-cause death (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.84 to 0.90) but a higher risk of GC-specific death (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.15) than MAEP. Chemotherapy (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.40) and intraoperative radiation (HR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.13 to 7.37) were respectively identified as risk factors for worse OS and CSS in AYAs.

CONCLUSIONS: AYAs had a higher risk of GC-specific death, indicating more attention should be paid into AYAs with GC.

PMID:36403128 | DOI:10.1111/jgh.16064

Nurs Open. 2022 Nov 20. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1489. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of self-management intervention on four prognostic indicators of readmission rate, mortality rate, self-management ability and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure.

DESIGN: A meta-analysis.

METHODS: This study was selected from the related studies published from January 1999 to January 2022, and was searched by searching five databases: PubMed, Science of Website, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang and Wei Pu (VIP). All standardized randomized controlled trial studies were collected, and the quality evaluation and meta-analysis of the included literature were conducted.

RESULTS: This study included 20 randomized controlled trials involving 3459 patients with chronic heart failure. Meta-analysis results showed that self-management intervention could reduce the readmission rate of patients with chronic heart failure, improved self-management ability of patients, improved quality of life, but there was no statistical significance in mortality.

PMID:36403127 | DOI:10.1002/nop2.1489

J Orthop Res. 2022 Nov 20. doi: 10.1002/jor.25486. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

A cornerstone of evidence-based medicine is the randomized controlled trial (RCT). While randomization seeks to balance study groups on potential confounders, this is not always achieved. Especially in orthopaedic research where RCTs are often of modest size, imbalances can exist and may be a significant issue. We sought to describe whether orthopaedic RCTs assess balancing between study groups, use statistical hypothesis testing to compare baseline characteristics between groups, and have balanced baseline characteristics between groups. All RCTs from four leading orthopedic journals published between July, 2019 and June, 2020 were identified and those reporting original trial results reviewed for discussion of balancing, use of statistical significance testing to compare baseline characteristics, and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) at baseline. Standardized mean differences (SMD) of baseline PROMs were calculated to assess balancing. Of 86 orthopaedic RCTs reviewed, 59 (69%) assessed balancing and 50 (58%) used statistical significance testing to compare baseline characteristics. Of 74 articles specifying a primary outcome, 33 (45%) used a PROM with 23 (70%) reporting baseline PROM values. Of these articles, 17 (74%) had a difference of less than 0.25 standard deviations (SDs) between groups, 4 (17%) had a difference of between 0.25 and 0.50 SDs, and 3 (13%) had a difference greater than 0.5 SDs. Orthopaedic RCTs usually assess balancing after randomization though there is room for improvement with over half of articles using hypothesis testing to assess baseline differences as opposed to a measure of the magnitude of the difference. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:36403124 | DOI:10.1002/jor.25486

J Radiat Res. 2022 Nov 19:rrac074. doi: 10.1093/jrr/rrac074. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We compared the dose distributions of carbon-ion pencil beam scanning (C-PBS), proton pencil beam scanning (P-PBS) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) for locally recurrent rectal cancer. The C-PBS treatment planning computed tomography (CT) data sets of 10 locally recurrent rectal cancer cases were randomly selected. Three treatment plans were created using identical prescribed doses. The beam angles for C-PBS and P-PBS were identical. Dosimetry, including the dose received by 95% of the planning target volume (PTV) (D95%), dose to the 2 cc receiving the maximum dose (D2cc), organ at risk (OAR) volume receiving > 15Gy (V15) and > 30Gy (V30), was evaluated. Statistical significance was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Mean PTV-D95% values were > 95% of the volume for P-PBS and C-PBS, whereas that for VMAT was 94.3%. However, PTV-D95% values in P-PBS and VMAT were < 95% in five and two cases, respectively, due to the OAR dose reduction. V30 and V15 to the rectum/intestine for C-PBS (V30 = 4.2 ± 3.2 cc, V15 = 13.8 ± 10.6 cc) and P-PBS (V30 = 7.3 ± 5.6 cc, V15 = 21.3 ± 13.5 cc) were significantly lower than those for VMAT (V30 = 17.1 ± 10.6 cc, V15 = 55.2 ± 28.6 cc). Bladder-V30 values with P-PBS/C-PBS (3.9 ± 4.8 Gy(RBE)/3.0 ± 4.0 Gy(RBE)) were significantly lower than those with VMAT (7.9 ± 8.1 Gy). C-PBS provided superior dose conformation and lower OAR doses compared with P-PBS and VMAT. C-PBS may be the best choice for cases in which VMAT and P-PBS cannot satisfy dose constraints. C-PBS could be another choice for cases in which VMAT and P-PBS cannot satisfy dose constraints, thereby avoiding surgical resection.

PMID:36403118 | DOI:10.1093/jrr/rrac074

Int Endod J. 2022 Nov 20. doi: 10.1111/iej.13871. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Selective root canal retreatment is when the treatment is limited to root(s) with radiographic evidence of periapical pathosis. The goals of this retrospective study were as follows: i) evaluate the clinical and radiographic (periapical radiographs (PR) or cone beam computerised tomographs (CBCT)) outcome of selective root canal retreatment after ≥ 12 months follow-up; ii) evaluate the periapical status of the unretreated roots; iii) assess tooth survival.

METHODS: A retrospective study (January 2018 to April 2021) was conducted to identify permanent multirooted teeth that underwent selective root canal retreatment. Clinical records, PR and CBCT were examined to ascertain variables of interest. Outcomes (per root and per tooth) were classified into “favourable” or “unfavourable” using well-established clinical and radiographic healing criteria. Treatment outcomes for the whole tooth and per root were compared as well as bivariate associations between the treatment outcome of the retreated roots and the treatment-related parameters (quality of root filling, sealer extrusion, iatrogenic mishaps, type of restoration) were analysed using Fisher’s exact test (α = 0.05). Survival was recorded in months.

RESULTS: A total of 75 teeth (195 roots) in 75 subjects were available for outcome analysis. The favourable outcome per tooth was 86.7%. At follow-up, 92.6% of the retreated roots had a favourable outcome. From the unretreated roots, 3.5% showed radiographic signs of an emerging periapical lesion. No statistical difference was shown between the outcomes per root and per tooth between both groups. None of the treatment-related parameters had a direct influence on the outcome of the retreated roots. The survival rate at 12-48 months after retreatment was 91.5%.

CONCLUSIONS: Selective root canal retreatment is associated with a favourable outcome in a majority of cases. Untreated roots rarely developed radiographic signs of a new periapical lesion at follow-up. Future high-quality clinical trials with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required to confirm these findings.

PMID:36403111 | DOI:10.1111/iej.13871

Aging Cell. 2022 Nov 19:e13739. doi: 10.1111/acel.13739. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Decreasing the dietary intake of methionine exerts robust anti-adiposity effects in rodents but modest effects in humans. Since cysteine can be synthesized from methionine, animal diets are formulated by decreasing methionine and eliminating cysteine. Such diets exert both methionine restriction (MR) and cysteine restriction (CR), that is, sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR). Contrarily, SAAR diets formulated for human consumption included cysteine, and thus might have exerted only MR. Epidemiological studies positively correlate body adiposity with plasma cysteine but not methionine, suggesting that CR, but not MR, is responsible for the anti-adiposity effects of SAAR. Whether this is true, and, if so, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Using methionine- and cysteine-titrated diets, we demonstrate that the anti-adiposity effects of SAAR are due to CR. Data indicate that CR increases serinogenesis (serine biosynthesis from non-glucose substrates) by diverting substrates from glyceroneogenesis, which is essential for fatty acid reesterification and triglyceride synthesis. Molecular data suggest that CR depletes hepatic glutathione and induces Nrf2 and its downstream targets Phgdh (the serine biosynthetic enzyme) and Pepck-M. In mice, the magnitude of SAAR-induced changes in molecular markers depended on dietary fat concentration (60% fat >10% fat), sex (males > females), and age-at-onset (young > adult). Our findings are translationally relevant as we found negative and positive correlations of plasma serine and cysteine, respectively, with triglycerides and metabolic syndrome criteria in a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Controlled feeding of low-SAA, high-polyunsaturated fatty acid diets increased plasma serine in humans. Serinogenesis might be a target for treating hypertriglyceridemia.

PMID:36403077 | DOI:10.1111/acel.13739

J Orthop Surg Res. 2022 Nov 19;17(1):502. doi: 10.1186/s13018-022-03402-z.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Anatomic repair of anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is used to manage chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). However, the optimal suture configuration used to repair the ATFL is not yet determined. It remains unclear whether suture configuration affects clinical outcomes in such patients.

PURPOSE: To compare the functional outcomes of all-inside arthroscopic ATFL repair using either a loop suture and or a free-edge suture configuration in CLAI patients.

STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 71 patients with CLAI who had undergone an all-inside arthroscopic ATFL repair procedure with either loop suture (n = 36) or free-edge suture (n = 35) from February 2016 to July 2018. Comparable pre-operatively, the Visual analogy score (VAS), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scoring system (AOFAS), Karlsson Ankle Functional Score (KAFS) scoring system, Anterior Talar Translation (ATT) and Active Joint Position Sense (AJPS) were used to evaluate postoperative ankle function.

RESULTS: There were no postoperative wound complications, implant reactions, or neurological or vascular injuries. Postoperative hospitalization, VAS, AOFAS, KAFS, AJPS and the time of return to sport were similar between the loop suture group and free-edge suture group. Requiring a longer procedure time, patients with loop suture configuration achieved better ATT.

CONCLUSION: All-inside arthroscopic ATFL repair procedure for CLAI treatment provides better ATT and comparable functional outcomes when a loop suture configuration is used instead of a free-edge suture configuration. A statistical difference in ATT was observed. Given the relatively short follow-up, it is questionable whether this will have any clinical relevance.

PMID:36403066 | DOI:10.1186/s13018-022-03402-z

Hum Genomics. 2022 Nov 19;16(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s40246-022-00434-8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The interferon-induced transmembrane-protein 3 (IFITM3) is a vital component of the immune system’s defense against viral infection. Variants in the IFITM3 gene have been linked to changes in expression and the risk of severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to investigate whether IFITM3 rs6598045, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) cycle threshold (Ct) values, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants are associated with an increased mortality rate of COVID-19.

METHODS: The genotyping of IFITM3 rs6598045 polymorphism was analyzed using the amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction in 1342 recovered and 1149 deceased patients positive for SARS-CoV-2.

RESULTS: In this study, IFITM3 rs6598045 G allele as minor allele frequency was significantly more common in the deceased patients than in the recovered ones. Furthermore, the highest mortality rates were observed in Delta variant and lowest qPCR Ct values. COVID-19 mortality was associated with IFITM3 rs6598045 GG and AG in Delta variant and IFITM3 rs6598045 AG in Alpha variant. A statistically significant difference was observed in the qPCR Ct values between individuals with GG and AG genotypes and those with an AA genotype.

CONCLUSION: A possible correlation was observed between the mortality rate of COVID-19, the G allele of IFITM3 rs6598045, and SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, large-scale research is still required to validate our results.

PMID:36403064 | DOI:10.1186/s40246-022-00434-8

Syst Rev. 2022 Nov 19;11(1):248. doi: 10.1186/s13643-022-02120-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Core outcome sets (COSs) aim to reduce outcome heterogeneity in clinical practice and research by suggesting a minimum number of agreed-upon outcomes in clinical trials. Most COSs in the musculoskeletal field are developed for specific conditions. We propose that there are likely to be common core domains within existing musculoskeletal COSs that may be used as a starting point in the development of future COSs. We aim to identify common core domains from existing COSs and to facilitate the development of new COSs for musculoskeletal conditions. As a secondary aim, we will assess the development quality of these COSs.

METHODS: A systematic review including musculoskeletal COSs. We will search Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Methodology Register and International Consortium for Health Outcome Measurement (ICHOM). Studies will be included if related to the development of a COS in adults with musculoskeletal conditions and for any type of intervention. Quality will be assessed using the Core Outcome Set-Standards for Development (COS-STAD) recommendations. Data extracted will include scope of the COS, health condition, interventions and outcome domains. Primary outcomes will be all core domains recommended within each COS. We define a common core outcome domain as one present in at least 67% of all COSs. All findings will be summarized and presented using descriptive statistics.

DISCUSSION: This systematic review of COSs will describe the core domains recommended within each musculoskeletal COS. Common domains found may be used in the initial stages of development of future musculoskeletal COSs.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42021239141.

PMID:36403060 | DOI:10.1186/s13643-022-02120-1