Tag: statistics

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(12):2611-2619. doi: 10.36740/WLek/215799.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The study aimed to determine the structural organization and conduct a quantitative analysis of the cellular composition of rat liver sinusoids under condition of a long-term (10 weeks) experimental exposure to cannabidiol oil.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted on 20 white non-linear male rats weighing 180-230 g, in compliance with ethical principles. The modeling of prolonged cannabidiol oil exposure in 14 white rats was performed through daily per os administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg/ for 10 weeks, the control group was 6 sexually mature white male rats, that oral administration the CBD carrier solvent – hemp seed oil. Histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric studies of the cellular composition of liver sinusoids were performed with statistical processing. In all comparisons, the difference was considered statistically significant at a minimum significance level of p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Results: After 10 weeks exposure to CBD oil administration pathohistological changes in the rat liver sinusoids were not observed. There is a significant increase in the average number of Kupffer cells in the sinusoidal wall in all zones of the lobule p < 0.001, especially near the portal zone (1.58 times) compared to the control group, which can be explained by their activation in response to long-term exposure to CBD. Perisinusoidal cells in the experimental series in all areas of the liver lobule were the least compared to endothelial cells and Kupffer cells, p < 0.001.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Histological, immunohistochemical study with quantitative analysis of the cellular composition of rat liver sinusoids indicates the safety of long-term experimental exposure to CBD oil.

PMID:41620859 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/215799

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(12):2604-2610. doi: 10.36740/WLek/214630.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: This study aims at evaluating the effect of a structured instructional program on improving nurses’ knowledge regarding the use of massage therapy as a non-drug approach in managing colic-related discomfort in infants.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was performed. Work was done at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, which works under the Directorate of Health in Diwaniyah. All nurses who participated in the study n=72 were divided into two groups: an experimental group consisting of 36 nurses who received the educational intervention and a control group consisting of the remaining 36 nurses who did not receive any intervention. The researcher created an inclusive training program that emphasized on increasing the knowledge of nurses about the nature, causes, and symptoms of infant colic, normal crying versus colic episodes, diagnosis of colic, pain physiology, mechanism of massage therapy, practical advice for dealing with colicky infants, and both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options.

RESULTS: Results: The findings improved the knowledge of nurses in the intervention group about infant massage therapy in a statistically significant way following the program. This group attained a higher average score than the control group 1.78 vs. 1.34 with standard deviations of 0.09 and 0.14, respectively; p=0.000, effect difference was meaningful.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: This study identified the real improving effect of educational intervention by demonstrating a significant enhancement in the knowledge and practices of nurses after they underwent the training program. Nurses with high education responded more positively to the program.

PMID:41620858 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/214630

Wiad Lek. 2025;78(12):2577-2585. doi: 10.36740/WLek/215797.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To study the dynamics of stress symptoms manifestation in police officers of different ages before and after performing their service and combat missions of varying duration.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The research, conducted in 2024-2025, involved 71 Master’s-level student officers (officers) (male, up to 25 years old) from Odesa State University of Internal Affairs (OSUIA) and 103 serving officers of various ages (male, up to 30 and older) who are on staff at OSUIA in multiple positions. Research methods: theoretical analysis of literature sources, psycho-diagnostic methods, statistical methods.

RESULTS: Results: The most pronounced manifestation of all stress symptoms was found in serving officers, regardless of age, after returning from their rotations lasting 3-4 months. After performing service and combat missions, the stress level (14.8-15.4 points) among serving officers of all age groups was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) higher than among student officers (10.1 points). No significant differences were found between the stress levels of serving officers across different age groups (p > 0.05), indicating that the level of stress does not depend on the age of law enforcement officers, but rather on the duration of their exposure to stressful conditions.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The research indicates the need to develop stress resilience in law enforcement officers to ensure the effectiveness of their service and combat activities in conditions of martial law, as well as to develop skills in the use of available means for stress prevention in the process of prolonged service and combat activities to restore mental health indicators.

PMID:41620855 | DOI:10.36740/WLek/215797

J Evid Based Soc Work (2019). 2026 Feb 1:1-27. doi: 10.1080/26408066.2026.2623443. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: BIPOC and LGBTQ+ youth experience disproportionately worse mental health outcomes, partially due to a lack of culturally responsive practices and multicultural counseling self-efficacy among behavioral health professionals. Separately, professional quality of life (ProQOL) has also been linked to better client outcomes. However, little is known about the relationship between behavioral health professionals’ multicultural counseling self-efficacy, culturally competent behaviors, and ProQOL. This study aimed to examine the relationship between cultural competence and ProQOL, as well as a hypothesized indirect role of multi-cultural counseling self-efficacy among these associations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from a workforce training program among graduate level social work, psychology, and nursing students on culturally responsive practices whose practicum settings included working with BIPOC/LGBTQ+ youth. At baseline (T1), graduation (T2), and 9-months post-graduation (T3), participants (N = 113) completed measures on anti-racism, self-reflection and insight, intercultural communication, multicultural counseling self-efficacy, and ProQOL (compassion satisfaction, burnout, secondary trauma).

RESULTS: Intercultural communication at T2 had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between multicultural counseling self-efficacy at T2 and burnout at T3. Self-reflection and insight at T2 also had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between multicultural counseling self-efficacy at T2 and burnout at T3. Mediation models examining secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction were not statistically significant.

DISCUSSION: Results suggest the importance of cultural competencies and multicultural counseling self-efficacy in facilitating culturally responsive practices and promoting clinicians’ ProQOL.

CONCLUSION: Future trainings should emphasize these areas to minimize mental health disparities among LGBTQ+ and BIPOC youth.

PMID:41620841 | DOI:10.1080/26408066.2026.2623443

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2026 Jan 31. doi: 10.1002/jpen.70061. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria have been suggested for use in clinical practice for multiple tumor types, but there are currently no data on the effectiveness of tools for the diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted including 317 patients who underwent radical surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma between October 2021 and May 2024. Six preoperative nutrition assessment tools were included: the GLIM criteria, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment, European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism criteria, Prognostic Nutritional Index, Nutritional Risk Index, and body mass index.

RESULTS: Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models indicated that severe malnutrition identified by GLIM (hazard ratio [HR], 2.10; 95% CI, 1.01-4.36; P = 0.04) and the GLIM subcriteria combination of weight loss and cancer (HR, 7.30; 95% CI, 2.98-17.89; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of overall survival. The GLIM subcriteria combination of weight loss and cancer (Brier score, 0.096; C statistics [0.80; 95% CI, 0.74-0.85]) had the best predictive performance for overall survival.

CONCLUSION: The GLIM criteria have predictive value for diagnosing preoperative malnutrition in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the GLIM subcriteria combination of weight loss and cancer offers greater advantages in prognostic prediction and may be useful for risk stratification and guidance for nutrition interventions in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID:41620828 | DOI:10.1002/jpen.70061

Biophys J. 2026 Jan 30:S0006-3495(26)00057-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2026.01.042. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Generalization through novel interpretations of the inner logic of the century-old Gibbs’ statistical thermodynamics is presented: i) Identifying k_B → 0 as classical energetics without fluctuations, one directly derives a pair of thermodynamic variational formulae [Formula: see text] ,that dictate all the more familiar 1/T = dS(E)/dE, E = d{F(T)/T}/d(1/T), and S(E) = -dF(T)/dT in equilibrium, which is maintained by a duality symmetry with one-to-one relation between T^eq(E) = arg min_T{E/T – F(T)/T} and E^eq(T) = arg min_E{E – TS(E)}. ii) In contradistinction, taking derivative of Gibbs’ statistical free energy w.r.t. T, a mesoscopic energetics with fluctuations emerges: This yields two information entropy functions which historically appeared 50 years postdate Gibbs’ theory. iii) Combining the above pair of inequalities yields an irreversible thermodynamic potential ψ(T, E) ≡{E – F(T)}/T – S(E) ≥ 0 for nonequilibrium states. The second law of thermodynamics as a universal principle reflects ψ ≥ 0 due to a disagreement between E and T as a dual pair. Our theory provides a new energetics of living cells which are nonequilibrium, complex entities under constant T, pressure p and chemical potentials μ₁, μ₂, etc., with sustained μ₁ – μ₂ ≠ 0. ψ provides a “distance” between statistical data from a large ensemble of cells and a set of intrinsic energetic parameters that encode the information within.

PMID:41620826 | DOI:10.1016/j.bpj.2026.01.042

BMC Res Notes. 2026 Jan 31. doi: 10.1186/s13104-026-07686-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The dataset was collected to provide a comprehensive overview of service utilization, socio-economic conditions, and rehabilitation needs among registered persons with disabilities in Changchun, China. It aims to address the lack of large-scale, individual-level data in this field and to support research on disability inclusion, welfare systems, and social policy development.

DATA DESCRIPTION: The dataset contains records for 197,302 registered persons with disabilities gathered in 2020 via telephone interviews supplemented by in-person visits. It comprises 155 variables across seven domains: demographics; economic conditions; internet access and use; employment and skills; medical and rehabilitation services and assistive products and technology; accessible environment; and cultural and sports participation. Anonymized data, raw tables, and a detailed codebook are openly available on Harvard Dataverse [15]. The resource enables fine-grained analyses of urban-rural and district heterogeneity, functional-limitation patterns, and gaps between required and received services. It also supports the construction of equity-sensitive indicators, multivariable and multilevel models of service utilization, and benchmarking for programmed monitoring. The cross-sectional design and a focus on certificate holders should be considered when interpreting results, yet the scale and coverage make the dataset valuable for comparative studies and careful linkage with public statistics under appropriate safeguards.

PMID:41620800 | DOI:10.1186/s13104-026-07686-w

Eur J Med Res. 2026 Jan 31. doi: 10.1186/s40001-026-03916-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance and chronic inflammation are closely associated with cognitive impairments. This study systematically investigates the relationship between biomarkers of insulin resistance/chronic inflammation and cognitive dysfunction in patients with non-disabling ischemic cerebrovascular events (NICE).

METHODS: We collected demographic information and clinical data from 236 patients with NICE. Based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, participants were categorized into normal cognitive function (NCF) and VCI groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance baseline characteristics. Differences in chronic inflammatory markers and insulin resistance levels were compared between groups. LASSO regression was used to identify independent risk factors, while restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was performed to validate dose-response relationships. A nomogram model was constructed using LASSO-selected predictors, and its performance was evaluated by ROC curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Internal validation was performed through simple cross-validation, with both accuracy and Kappa statistics reported.

RESULTS: Among 236 NICE patients, 115 (48.73%) were diagnosed with VCI. Following propensity score matching, the VCI group exhibited significantly higher levels of insulin resistance and chronic inflammation compared to the NCF group. LASSO regression identified the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) as an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.06-1.17). RCS confirmed a linear negative correlation between METS-IR and MoCA scores (P for overall = 0.014, P for non-linear = 0.715). Mediation analysis revealed that the systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) partially mediated the association between METS-IR and MoCA scores. The nomogram model demonstrated good discrimination (AUC = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.72-0.83), with calibration plots showing high consistency between predicted and observed probabilities (Hosmer-Lemeshow test P = 0.718). DCA confirmed a favorable clinical net benefit. Cross-validation results demonstrated favorable model accuracy and consistency (accuracy = 0.71, Kappa value = 0.43).

CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive impairment in NICE patients is strongly associated with elevated insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. METS-IR exhibits a linear negative association with cognitive function, serving as an independent risk predictor. The constructed nomogram provides a reliable tool for early VCI detection with robust discrimination and calibration. Notably, SII partially mediates the association between METS-IR and cognition, highlighting inflammatory pathways as a candidate target for future interventional studies.

PMID:41620791 | DOI:10.1186/s40001-026-03916-w

Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2026 Jan 31. doi: 10.1186/s13098-026-02100-8. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41620786 | DOI:10.1186/s13098-026-02100-8

J Transl Med. 2026 Jan 31. doi: 10.1186/s12967-026-07745-7. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41620778 | DOI:10.1186/s12967-026-07745-7