Tag: statistics

Front Psychol. 2026 Aug 11;17:1853224. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1853224. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Academic burnout is a prominent challenge for physical education pre-service teachers facing dual pressures of academic study and physical training. This study aimed to examine the statistical association between perceived parental emotional warmth and academic burnout. Guided by self-determination theory and the behavioral substitution perspective, we also explored the chain mediating pathways involving physical activity and smartphone addiction to provide an integrated theoretical framework.

METHODS: A cross-sectional design was adopted. In December 2025, a stratified sample of 1,192 physical education pre-service teachers from 15 Chinese provinces completed the S-EMBU (perceived parental emotional warmth), Physical Activity Scale, SAS-SV, and ALBI. Data were analyzed using PROCESS Model 6 in SPSS 25.0 with 5,000 bootstrap resamples.

RESULTS: Correlation analysis showed all variables significantly intercorrelated. After controlling for gender and grade, the chain mediation model was supported. Perceived parental emotional warmth showed a direct negative statistical association with academic burnout and was also linked via three indirect pathways: (1) physical activity alone (β = -0.290, 95% CI [-0.323, -0.257]); (2) smartphone addiction alone (β = -0.026, 95% CI [-0.040, -0.012]); and (3) the sequential pathway via physical activity then smartphone addiction (β = -0.066, 95% CI [-0.080, -0.054]).

CONCLUSION: Perceived parental emotional warmth is associated with lower academic burnout among physical education pre-service teachers, partially through a behavioral sequence of increased physical activity and reduced smartphone addiction. Due to the cross-sectional design, causal inferences cannot be drawn. Nevertheless, these findings suggest perceived parental emotional warmth may associate with academic outcomes through a dynamic process associated with constructive behaviors and reduced risky behaviors. The results provide a novel behavioral-ecological perspective and may inform the development of future interventions combining family support, health behavior promotion, and digital literacy training.

PMID:42643220 | PMC:PMC13503237 | DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1853224

Ecol Evol. 2026 Aug 24;16(8):e74164. doi: 10.1002/ece3.74164. eCollection 2026 Aug.

ABSTRACT

Shorebirds aim to replenish their body reserves during the wintering season to ensure their subsequent survival and to improve their breeding performance. However, their space use depends on their fluctuating resource availability and energy requirements throughout the winter. Hence, this study aimed to determine if the space and habitats used by Eurasian curlews (Numenius arquata) were influenced by their wintering site and stage. Sixty-two curlews were equipped with GPS tags at two major wintering sites in Europe with contrasting waterbird density: the Pertuis Charentais (PC) in France and the German part of the Wadden Sea (WS). Their home ranges (HRs) and foraging habitat selection were compared according to three wintering stages requiring different energy demands (i.e., early winter, mid-winter and late winter before migration). Curlews exhibited similar HR sizes at both sites throughout the winter, suggesting no effect of waterbird density on individuals’ space use. HR sizes were larger during the day than at night and showed high inter-individual variability, unrelated to sex. Notably, the HRs were larger during the first winter stage (i.e., Arrival-September), with curlews spending a greater proportion of time on mudflats, and selecting distinct foraging areas located further from the coast at this stage. Curlews in the WS fed mainly on the mudflats, while curlews in the PC fed on the mudflats, but also on biogenic reefs, oyster parks and seagrass beds, the latter being favoured during the first stage. These results suggest the need for greater consideration of the distribution of curlews and other shorebirds at the beginning of the wintering season to define areas and habitats of importance to support future management and conservation measures. Indeed, birds are particularly prone to disturbance during the first winter stage, when tourism pressure on the coast is high and birds tend to be more mobile.

PMID:42643207 | PMC:PMC13503069 | DOI:10.1002/ece3.74164

Front Med (Lausanne). 2026 Aug 11;13:1775066. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1775066. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a standard method for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tumor screening. However, differing opinions persist regarding the impact of sedation on the detection rate of early adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia (EGCA). This study evaluated the effect of sedation on the detection of EGCA, other upper digestive tract early cancer (UDTEC) and microscopic upper gastrointestinal (UGI) lesion detection.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 313,503 symptomatic and screening patients undergoing EGD (2018-2025) at Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital. Histopathological biopsy data defined positive outcomes as EGCA and other UGI early cancers (esophageal, gastric, duodenal). Propensity score matching (PSM) assessed sedation-tumor detection associations. Primary outcomes included UGI precancerous lesions, UDTEC rates, and microscopic tumor yield (lesions/subjects). Secondary outcomes identified detection determinants via logistic regression.

RESULTS: Sedation was associated with modest but statistically significant higher detection rates of EGCA, overall UDTEC and UGI microscopic tumor foci compared with non-sedated EGD (EGCA: p< 0.001; UDTEC: p< 0.001; UGI microscopic tumor lesions: p< 0.001). Univariate/multivariate analyses identified gender, age, title of examining physician, years of practice, and examination time as independent detection predictors. After PSM (198,846 patients in total), sedation remained significantly associated with increased detection of EGCA (OR = 1.400, 95% CI 1.030-1.901, p = 0.026), overall UDTEC (OR = 1.196, 95% CI 1.102-1.295, p< 0.001) and microscopic tumor foci (OR = 6.861, 95% CI 3.278-14.367, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: In this large retrospective cohort study of over 300,000 EGD subjects, sedation was associated with statistically significant but modestly higher detection rates of early gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, upper gastrointestinal precancerous lesions and overall upper digestive tract early cancers. The most prominent benefit of sedation was the improved detection of easily missed microscopic tumor foci. These findings support the consideration of sedation as a quality improvement option to enhance diagnostic yield for subtle early neoplasms, while acknowledging the relatively limited absolute gains in overall detection rates for unselected populations.

PMID:42643205 | PMC:PMC13503191 | DOI:10.3389/fmed.2026.1775066

Front Oncol. 2026 Aug 11;16:1866474. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1866474. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Living alone has become increasingly prevalent across the globe, but its association with all-cause mortality among cancer patients remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between living alone and all-cause mortality risk in cancer patients.

METHODS: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Ovid Medline was performed up to July 10, 2026. We included cohort studies that reported adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality comparing cancer patients living alone with those not living alone. Pooled estimates were calculated using an inverse-variance random-effects model.

RESULTS: Twenty-one cohort studies comprising 2,497,397 cancer patients (55.6% female) were included. Compared with patients not living alone, those living alone had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.13-1.32). In sex-specific analyses, the pooled HR was 1.34 (95% CI: 1.23-1.45) for men and 1.15(95% CI: 1.00-1.32) for women, with no statistically significant subgroup difference (p = 0.06), indicating no clear sex difference in this association.

CONCLUSION: Living alone is associated with increased all-cause mortality in cancer patients, with no apparent sex difference.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-10-0051/, identifier INPLASY2024100051.

PMID:42643192 | PMC:PMC13503183 | DOI:10.3389/fonc.2026.1866474

Cancer Pathog Ther. 2026 Mar 2;4(5):393-401. doi: 10.1016/j.cpt.2026.02.003. eCollection 2026 Sep.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The extended survival of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) has shifted cancer burdens toward urological malignancies. PLWH exhibit unique clinical patterns, including a younger age at diagnosis for renal cell carcinoma and more advanced stage at presentation of prostate and bladder cancers, which are compounded by inequities in health care access and HIV-specific mechanisms such as chronic immunosuppression.

METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across five databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus) up to 1 July, 2025. Random-effects models were used to pool hazard ratios (HRs) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test, and sensitivity analyses were performed.

RESULTS: Nine studies with 6,615,444 participants were included. The risk factors for mortality such as kidney cancer (aHR = 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-2.75), prostate cancer (HR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.60-1.96; aHR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.77-2.90), and bladder cancer (aHR = 4.29; 95% CI: 1.08-17.03) were significantly higher for PLWH. The pooled unadjusted HR for kidney cancer was 1.66 (95% CI: 0.83-3.30), which did not reach statistical significance. Subgroup analyses for prostate cancer confirmed a consistent increase in mortality risk across different mortality types and follow-up durations.

CONCLUSION: HIV infection is significantly associated with increased mortality among patients with prostate cancer. For kidney cancer, limited data suggest an adverse prognostic role of HIV. For bladder cancer, the evidence remains preliminary but highlights the urgent need for dedicated investigations. These findings highlight the need to integrate urological cancer screening and tailored management into long-term HIV care. Future multicenter studies will be essential to strengthen the evidence, particularly for kidney and bladder cancers, and to clarify the roles of HIV-specific factors, tumor biology, and social determinants of health in optimizing precision medicine for this population.

PMID:42643168 | PMC:PMC13503073 | DOI:10.1016/j.cpt.2026.02.003

J Nerv Ment Dis. 2026 Aug 25. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001886. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Early maladaptive schemas and dysfunctional emotional schema beliefs are implicated in adolescent major depressive disorder; however, their relationship with comorbid anxiety disorders remains unclear.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional controlled cohort study, 87 adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria and 100 healthy controls completed the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3, the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Hierarchical regression analyses examined predictors of depressive symptom severity.

RESULTS: Adolescents with major depressive disorder demonstrated significantly higher early maladaptive schema and emotional schema scores than controls. Comorbid anxiety disorders were associated with greater schema pathology. In hierarchical regression analyses, LESS-II total score emerged as the strongest independent correlate of depressive symptom severity.

CONCLUSIONS: Schema-related dysfunction is prominent in adolescent depression, particularly when anxiety is present.

PMID:42643150 | DOI:10.1097/NMD.0000000000001886

G Ital Cardiol (Rome). 2026 Sep;27(9):647-657. doi: 10.1714/4755.47728.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The year following hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or acute heart failure (AHF) is associated with a high risk of rehospitalization and death, often related to inadequate patient follow-up. To improve care and prognosis in these patients, the DIMACC Project (DIMissioni ACCompagnate) was developed: a structured physician-nurse follow-up program aimed at ensuring continuity of care between hospital and community settings through successive phases. Phase 1 evaluated the feasibility of the program and the clinical outcomes observed during the first year.

METHODS: The DIMACC Project is a prospective observational quality improvement project conducted at the Cardiology Unit of Pio XI Hospital in Desio, in collaboration with the Community Health Centres of Giussano and Cesano Maderno. Patients hospitalized for AMI or AHF between May 1, 2023 and April 30, 2024 were offered 12-month risk-tailored follow-up pathways, including periodic examinations and 2-3 physician-nurse outpatient visits.

RESULTS: Of the 343 patients discharged after AMI and 133 after AHF, 263 (76.7%) and 68 (51.5%), respectively, were included in Phase 1. Follow-up was completed by 222 AMI patients (84.4%) and 53 AHF patients (77.9%). Patient adherence to the proposed follow-up and satisfaction were high. Quality of care was also high: 6 out of 7 European Society of Cardiology quality indicators of care for the follow-up of AMI and 10 out of 14 for AHF were achieved in more than 90% of cases. Adherence to recommended pharmacological treatments was high. Critical issues emerged in risk factor control and adherence to recommended lifestyle changes.

CONCLUSIONS: The first year of the DIMACC Project demonstrates the feasibility of this follow-up model, and shows favourable clinical outcomes.

PMID:42643139 | DOI:10.1714/4755.47728

Echocardiography. 2026 Sep;43(9):e70602. doi: 10.1111/echo.70602.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) is associated with substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, making accurate severity assessment essential for clinical management. Conventional 2D echocardiography has important limitations, particularly in the presence of noncircular regurgitant orifices. Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) enables direct measurement of Vena Contracta area (VCA) and may provide more accurate quantification of MR severity.

AIM OF THE WORK: To assess the diagnostic value of three-dimensional transesophageal Vena Contracta area versus two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of secondary mitral regurgitation.

METHODS: This study included 52 patients with moderate-to-severe secondary MR, recruited at Alzahraa University Hospital between December 2024 and January 2026. All patients underwent TTE followed by TEE. MR severity was assessed according to current echocardiographic guidelines using an integrative approach that included qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative assessments. Three-dimensional VCA was measured by both TTE and TEE using multiplanar reconstruction. Statistical analysis was performed using Jamovi version 2.3.28 for Windows, with P-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: The mean age of the patients studied was 58.08 ± 9.52 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 43:9. The mean PISA-derived EROA for patients with severe MR was 0.36 ± 0.09 cm², and the mean regurgitant volume for these patients was 48.6 ± 6.79 mL. VCA measured by 3D TTE (0.69 ± 0.16 cm²) showed a strong positive correlation with 3D TEE VCA (0.67 ± 0.16 cm²) (r = 0.857, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated minimal bias (0.035 cm²) and good agreement between both techniques. ROC analysis showed good diagnostic accuracy for severe MR, with slightly higher accuracy for TEE VCA (AUC = 0.874) compared with TTE VCA (AUC = 0.841).

CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional TEE-derived Vena Contracta area (3D TEE VCA) is a reliable and accurate method for assessing the severity of secondary mitral regurgitation. The strong correlation and good agreement between 3D TEE and 3D TTE VCA measurements, as well as their correlation with PISA-derived EROA, support the value of 3D VCA as a robust quantitative parameter. Moreover, our findings suggest that 3D TTE VCA may represent a feasible, less invasive alternative in selected patients; however, its use as a replacement for TEE warrants confirmation in larger multicenter studies with external validation. Larger multicenter studies with external validation are required before it can be considered a replacement for TEE.

PMID:42643109 | DOI:10.1111/echo.70602

Org Biomol Chem. 2026 Aug 26. doi: 10.1039/d6ob00939e. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

A novel series of pyrazole-pyridine-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrid derivatives (10a-m) was designed, synthesized, and characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The multi-step route proceeded via nucleophilic aromatic substitution, cyclocondensation, oxidative aromatization, and S-alkylation, affording target compounds in good to excellent yields (88-93%). Derivatives were screened for anticancer activity against A549 (lung) and MCF-7 (breast) cell lines using Foretinib as reference. Compound 10d (2,4-di-OCH₃) was most potent, with IC₅₀ values of 0.29 ± 0.15 μM (A549) and 3.1 ± 0.5 μM (MCF-7), comparable to, or numerically better than, Foretinib (IC₅₀ = 0.49 ± 0.026 μM, A549); no formal statistical comparison was performed. SAR analysis showed electron-donating substituents, especially methoxy groups, enhanced potency. Compounds 10c, 10d, and 10h were markedly less cytotoxic toward non-cancerous NIH/3T3 fibroblasts (IC₅₀ = 138.41, 66.36, and 95.03 μM) than toward the cancer lines, indicating a favorable selectivity margin. Docking against c-Met (PDB: 3LQ8) showed 10d had the highest binding affinity (-5.54 kcal mol^-1), forming hydrogen-bond and π-cation interactions with ASP 1222 and ARG 1203, consistent with c-Met as a plausible target, though direct biochemical confirmation is needed. DFT calculations (B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)) for 10c, 10d, and 10h confirmed that 10d has the smallest HOMO-LUMO gap (3.74 eV) and highest chemical softness, consistent with its superior activity. Collectively, these findings identify 10d as a promising scaffold for further optimization and biological evaluation.

PMID:42643104 | DOI:10.1039/d6ob00939e

J Esthet Restor Dent. 2026 Aug 26. doi: 10.1111/jerd.70208. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of pink coloring liquid on the mechanical and optical properties of the 3 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (3Y).

METHODS: Discs of 1 mm and 2 mm were fabricated from 3Y zirconia (IPS E.max ZirCAD LT). Pre-sintered discs were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 10 per group) including control group with no coat of pink coloring liquid (C0), one coat (C1), three coats (C3), and five coats (C5) of pink coloring liquid. Discs were then sintered according to the manufacturer’s recommendation. Translucency parameter (TP) of the 1 mm thick discs was evaluated by measuring L*a*b* values against a black and a white background with a spectrophotometer, and both TP_ab and TP₀₀ were calculated. Surface roughness of the samples after sintering was measured using a profilometer. Biaxial flexural strength of 1 mm thick specimens was measured according to ISO 6872. Surface hardness was measured by Vicker’s hardness. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the statistical analyses with the significance level set at 5% (α = 0.05).

RESULTS: Applying different coats of pink coloring liquid resulted in a significant reduction in TP and biaxial flexural strength (p < 0.001). Increasing the number of applied pink coloring liquid coats reduced the TP and biaxial flexural strength further. Application of pink coloring liquid did not alter the surface roughness and hardness of the sample (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the present study, applying pink coloring liquid on zirconia in green state altered the translucency and biaxial flexural strength of sintered zirconia.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: When applying pink coloring liquid to zirconia restorations in the green state, caution needs to be taken in the number of coats applied as a higher number of coats (3 and 5 coats) of currently tested pink coloring liquid reduce the strength and increase the opacity of the zirconia.

PMID:42643090 | DOI:10.1111/jerd.70208