Tag: statistics

Birth Defects Res. 2022 Oct 15;114(17):1092-1100. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.2073. Epub 2022 Aug 10.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Favipiravir is one of the essential antiviral drugs used for the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in some countries. However, there is not enough information about used, especially in pregnancy. Therefore, in this study, it was aimed to determine the developmental toxicity of favipiravir on fetal bone development and embryonic development.

METHODS: In this study, 16 pregnant wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into four groups: Control (saline) and Group A (50 mg/kg × 5 days), Group B (50 mg/kg × 1 days + 20 mg/kg × 4 days), Group C (20 mg/kg × 5 days). Solutions were administered to the rats by oral gavage from the 10th to 14th days of pregnancy, twice a day. The skeletal system development of fetuses was examined with double skeletal staining and immunohistochemical staining methods.

RESULTS: A total of 72 fetuses from pregnant rats, 18 in each group, were included in the study. As a result, depending on favipiravir dose increase, in experimental groups, it was determined that the statistically significant decrease on the ossification rates of anterior and posterior extremity bones, and length and weight of fetuses.

CONCLUSION: Exposure to favipiravir during pregnancy impairs bone metabolism and bone formation-resorption stages and may cause developmental delay.

PMID:36205105 | DOI:10.1002/bdr2.2073

J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2022 Oct 7. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.22.14177-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Central to the work of medical and pharmacy practitioners is the provision of pharmaceutical support for patients, who may also be competitive athletes. This study aimed to assess the knowledge gaps of medical and pharmacy students at the University of ** BLINDED ** regarding World Anti-Doping Code and the Prohibited List.

METHODS: All medical and pharmacy students studying at the University of **BLINDED** were invited to participate in an online questionnaire devised by the research team. This questionnaire assessed knowledge regarding the prohibited status of 19 substances, as well as knowledge regarding therapeutic use exemptions. The questionnaire was pre-piloted with local experts in the sports doping field to test face validity, and then tested for content clarity and easy of use by 20 medical and pharmacy students. Total scores were used to compare medical student vs pharmacy student and athlete vs non-athlete using the Mann-Whitney U Test.

RESULTS: A total of 242 students answered the questionnaire, 58% of which were female. 86% of respondents were medical students. From of the cohort of respondents, 22% identified themselves as athletes as per definition provided in the questionnaire. A number of substances, such as diuretics, morphine, cocaine and ecstasy, were incorrectly classified by the majority of participants. Paracetamol, caffeine, vitamins, NSAIDs, and antihistamines were mostly correctly classified. Pharmacy students had better knowledge when compared to medical students (U value = 2734.5, p-value = 0.034). Student athletes did not have more knowledge than non-athletes (U value = 4810.5, p-value = 0.659).

CONCLUSIONS: Medical and Pharmacy students have significant knowledge gaps when it comes to performance enhancing drugs in sport. Sports pharmacy should be included as part of the undergraduate curriculum for both medicine and pharmacy, but especially for medical students who will be future prescribers.

PMID:36205087 | DOI:10.23736/S0022-4707.22.14177-0

Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2022 Oct 7:10556656221131855. doi: 10.1177/10556656221131855. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of orthognathic surgery (OGS) in patients with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) who had previously undergone mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO).

DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study was performed including all patients with CFM who were treated with OGS at a single institution between 1996 and 2019. The clinical records, operative reports, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were reviewed. CBCT data before OGS (T1), immediately after OGS (T2), and at long-term follow-up (T3) were analyzed using Dolphin three-dimensional software to measure the occlusal cant and chin point deviation.

RESULTS: The study included 12 patients with CFM who underwent OGS (6 underwent OGS without MDO and 6 underwent OGS after MDO). There was a statistically significant improvement in occlusal cant and chin point deviation in both groups postoperatively. Occlusal cant relapsed by a mean of 0.6° (standard deviation [SD] 1.1°) in the patients who had OGS alone compared with 0.7° (SD 1.2°) in the patients who had OGS after MDO (P = .745) between T2 and T3. There was no statistically significant difference in chin point relapse between patients who had OGS alone compared with those who had OGS after MDO (0.1 mm [SD 2.5mm] vs 0.7mm [SD 2.2mm]; P = .808).

CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, these findings suggest that OGS after MDO in patients with CFM can produce stable results.

PMID:36205083 | DOI:10.1177/10556656221131855

Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Oct 7:ntac235. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntac235. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We examined the differential impact of the 2012 Canadian GWL policy changes on key indicators of warning label impact and quit intentions using national cohorts of Canadian and US adults who smoke.

METHODS: We used data from all waves of the International Tobacco Control surveys (2002-2020) in Canada and the US. Our key measures were quit intentions and an index of warning label effectiveness (salience, cognitive and behavioral reactions). We estimated overall policy impact by comparing Canada (treatment group) with the US (control group) using controlled interrupted time series (CITS) regression models, with interactions to examine whether policy impact varied by sex, education, and income.

RESULTS: The CITS model showed a statistically significant increase in the warning label effectiveness in Canada post-policy, compared to the US (β= 0.84, 95% CI 0.35,1.33). Similarly, the odds of quit intentions were relatively higher among adults who smoked in Canada compared to the US (OR= 1.89, 95% CI 1.51,2.36) post-policy. The three-way interaction model showed that these associations were greater among adults from low socioeconomic status (SES) groups than in high SES groups.

DISCUSSION: The 2012 change in the Canadian GWL policy was associated with stronger cognitive and behavioral responses to GWLs and higher odds of quit intentions among adults who smoked in Canada when compared to the US, specifically among individuals from low SES groups, suggesting a positive equity impact. Our findings affirm the need for countries to implement or enhance GWLs, in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

IMPLICATIONS: The evidence on the potential health equity benefit of GWL policies is mixed. To further understand the influence of GWL policies on tobacco use disparities, more systematic research using pre/post policy designs with control groups is needed. Using a controlled interrupted time series model, we aimed to strengthen the available evidence on the causal influence of this tobacco control approach. Our findings show that the 2012 GWL policy change had a greater impact on adults who smoked from low SES groups than it did on adults who smoked from high SES groups, indicating a potentially positive equity impact and confirming the need for countries to implement or maximize the size of GWLs, as recommended by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

PMID:36205028 | DOI:10.1093/ntr/ntac235

J Hypertens. 2022 Oct 3. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003290. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Errors in blood pressure (BP) measurement account for a large proportion of misclassified hypertension diagnoses. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is often considered to be the gold standard for measurement of BP, but uncertainty remains regarding the degree of measurement error. The aim of this study was to determine reproducibility of sequential ABPM in a population of normotensive and well controlled hypertensive individuals.

METHODS: Individual participant data from three randomized controlled trials, which had recorded ABPM and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) at least twice were combined (n = 501). We calculated within-individual variability of daytime and night-time BP and compared the variability between normotensive (n = 324) and hypertensive (n = 177) individuals. As a secondary analysis, variability of PWV measurements was also calculated, and multivariable linear regression was used to assess characteristics associated with blood pressure variability (BPV).

RESULTS: Within-individual coefficient of variation (CoV) for systolic BP was 5.4% (day) and 7.0% (night). Equivalent values for diastolic BP were 6.1% and 8.4%, respectively. No statistically significant difference in CoV was demonstrated between measurements for normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Within-individual CoV for PWV exceeded that of BP measurements (10.7%). BPV was associated with mean pressures, and BMI for night-time measurements. PWV was not independently associated with BPV.

CONCLUSION: The variability of single ABPM measurements will still yield considerable uncertainty regarding true average pressures, potentially resulting in misclassification of hypertensive status and incorrect treatment regimes. Repeated ABPM may be necessary to refine antihypertensive therapy.

PMID:36204998 | DOI:10.1097/HJH.0000000000003290

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Oct 6. doi: 10.1111/jocd.15439. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Silymarin is the active component of milk thistle, which has antioxidant properties by scavenging free radicals and potential comedolytic properties.

AIMS: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of 0.5% silymarin-loaded antioxidant serum (SAS) used to treat mild-to-moderate acne.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, open-label pilot study was conducted. We enrolled 22 Korean acne patients who applied the 0.5% SAS on the whole face twice daily while continuing the current anti-acne medications. Grade of acne severity, individual lesion counts, sebum output levels, skin erythema, and melanin pigmentation were assessed.

RESULTS: After a 4-week application, the modified Global Acne Grading Score (mGAGS), Global Evaluation Acne (GEA) scale, and the acne lesion counts were significantly decreased. Sebum secretion, skin pigmentation, and erythema were also reduced during the study period, yet only the melanin pigmentation index reached statistical significance. Subgroup analysis revealed that the patients who took the low-dose oral isotretinoin during the study period showed more noticeable improvements in skin sebum output and melanin pigmentation. Additionally, no adverse event was associated with using the 0.5% SAS.

CONCLUSION: The 0.5% silymarin-containing antioxidant formulation improved acne’s clinical severity and related skin biophysical parameters.

PMID:36204969 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.15439

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2022 Jun;31(3):322-326.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To describe the MRI features of acinar cell carcinoma of parotid gland (AciCC) and to evaluate the diagnostic value of MR functional imaging.

METHODS: A total of 269 cases of maxillofacial AciCC confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed. Among them, nineteen subjects with AciCC in the parotid gland underwent preoperative MRI examination (non-enhanced scan for one case, enhanced scan for 18 cases), seventeen patients underwent diffusion-weighted imaging scan, and 15 patients underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced scan. MRI findings of 19 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The lesion size, location, morphology, margin, internal composition, enhancement pattern and functional imaging characteristics were analyzed. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Among 269 cases of maxillofacial AciCC, there were 108 males and 161 females, male: female = 1:1.49, aged from 4 to 89 years, with a mean age of (45.95±17.33) years. 84.4% (227/269) were located in the parotid gland. On MRI images, 78.9% (15/19) had well-defined margin, 57.9% (11/19) were round or oval, and 36.8% (7/19) were lobed nodules. One case had irregular morphology and peripheral invasion. The range of maximum diameter was 6-56 mm, averaging (24.8±15.3) mm. Internal composition showed 57.9% (11/19) were cystic solid, 42.1% (8/19) were solid, 31.6% (6/19) had bleeding. T2-weighted MRI showed 52.6% (10/19) with envelope structure, 15.8% (3/19) with low signal separation inside, 38.9%(7/18) had uniform enhancement, and 61.1%(11/18) had uneven enhancement. Functional imaging showed the mean ADC value of tumor was (1.026±0.194)×10^-3 mm²/s(n=17). 86.7%(13/15) TIC was type Ⅱ.

CONCLUSIONS: Most maxillofacial AciCC are located in the parotid gland. It is difficult to distinguish AciCC from benign tumors with conventional MRI in morphology. The ADC value of AciCC is lower than that of benign tumors, and the type of TIC curve is mostly type Ⅱ. Combination of morphology and functional imaging can improve the diagnostic accuracy of this disease.

PMID:36204966

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2022 Jun;31(3):318-321.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the curative effect of microscopic revascularization and apexification in the treatment of pulp necrosis of permanent teeth.

METHODS: Seventy-five cases of pulp necrosis in young permanent teeth were divided into two groups according to different treatment methods. Group A (n=30) underwent revascularization under microscope, while group B (n=45) underwent apexification. The treatment effect and pain improvement of the two groups were compared. The changes of the wall thickness and root canal length of the affected teeth before and after treatment were observed, and the bone-like deposition rate after treatment was recorded. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the length of root canal between the two groups before treatment (P＞0.05); there was no significant difference in the length of root canal in group B before and after treatment (P＞0.05); the length of root canal in group A was significantly longer than that in group B 6 months after treatment(P＜0.05). There was no significant change in the thickness of root canal wall in group B before and after treatment (P＞0.05). The thickness of root canal in group A was significantly higher than that in group A 6 months after treatment (P＜0.05). Bone-like deposition rate of group A was significantly higher than that of group B 1 month and 6 months after treatment (P＜0.05). The total effective rate of group A and B was 90.00% and 84.44%, the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). The cure rate of group A was 70.00%, which was significantly higher than that of group B (48.89%, P＜0.05).

COCLUSIONS: Microscopic revascularization for pulp necrosis of young permanent teeth can effectively promote root development, lengthen root canal and increase the thickness of canal wall, which is better than apexification.

PMID:36204965

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2022 Jun;31(3):313-317.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical effect of digital impression combined with all-ceramic denture restoration on patients with dental defects.

METHODS: A study was conducted on 120 patients with dental defects admitted to Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital from June 2018 to June 2020. The two groups of patients were randomly divided into digital imprinting modules and silicone rubber imprinting modules using a random number table method. There were 60 cases in each group. The silicone rubber imprint module used traditional silicone impression combined with all-ceramic denture restoration, while the digital imprint module used digital impression combined with all-ceramic denture restoration.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed. Gingival index (GI), periodontal index (PI) before dental restoration, during dental restoration and 6 monthes after dental restoration were compared. The adjacent surface contact conditions, occlusion and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The two groups of patients selected grade A and grade B for the evaluation of the restoration when the restoration was completed. The number of patients who chose grade A for the digital imprint module was more than that of the silicone rubber imprint module,but there was no significant difference(P＞0.05). Six months after the tooth was worn, GI and PI indexes of the two groups of patients increased. GI and PI indexes of the silicone rubber stamping module were significantly higher than those of the digital stamping module(P＜0.05). When dental restoration was completed and 6 months after the tooth was replaced, the pass rate of contact between the adjacent surfaces of the imprinting module patients was significantly higher than that of the silicone rubber imprinting module(P＜0.05). When dental restoration was completed, the occlusion of the digital imprinting module patients was significantly better than that of the silicone rubber imprinting module(P＜0.05). Six months after wearing the denture, there was no significant difference in occlusion between the two groups of patients(P＞0.05). When dental models of the two groups of patients were taken, the incidence of adverse reactions in patients with digital imprints was significantly lower than that of silicone rubber imprints(P＜0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The use of digital impressions combined with all-ceramic restorations to repair patients with dental defects can effectively improve the treatment effect, improve prognostic GI and PI indexes of the patients, increase the pass rate of the adjacent surface contact and occlusion of the tooth, and reduce the process of dental restoration. The incidence of adverse reactions are minimal, with good prognostic effects. It is worthy of clinical application.

PMID:36204964

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2022 Jun;31(3):309-312.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of immediate implantation after extraction of anterior teeth in patients with periodontal disease and its clinical effect within 2 years.

METHODS: Thirty patients (36 implants) who underwent anterior dental implant treatment for periodontal disease from 2016 to 2018 were randomly divided into immediate implantation group (17 implants) and delayed implantation group (19 implants). The patients were followed up for 2 years, the clinical parameters such as periodontal probing depth, pink esthetic score（PES）and implant neck bone resorption volume of implant neck were obtained. The data was statistically analyzed with SPSS 21.0 software package.

RESULTS: During the 2-year follow-up period, no implant loss, and there was no significant difference in the depth of peri-implant probing between the two groups at each time point(P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in the volume of bone resorption at implant neck between the two groups(P>0.05). At 6, 12 and 24 months after completion of superstructure repair, there was no significant difference in pink esthetic score（PES）between the two groups (P＞0.05), but there was significant difference in pink esthetic score（PES) at the third month after restoration (P＜0.05). The immediate implantation group obtained more satisfactory soft tissue morphology around the implants.

CONCLUSIONS: Under appropriate treatment conditions, there is no significant difference in implant success rate between immediate implantation and delayed implantation of anterior teeth in patients with periodontal disease. At the same time, it reduces the number of operations and shortens the course of treatment. In terms of soft tissue aesthetics, immediate implantation is slightly better than delayed implantation in the early stage after restoration, and can maintain a good soft tissue aesthetic effect.

PMID:36204963