Tag: statistics

J Craniofac Surg. 2022 Oct 1;33(7):2272-2275. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000008747. Epub 2022 Aug 1.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the effects of systemic irisin hormone application on new bone formation in peri-implant bone defects. After surgically creating peri-implant bone defects in the metaphyseal part of the tibiae of rats, the rats were randomly divided into 2 equal groups: a control group and an irisin group. In the control group, the rats received no further treatment during the 4-week experimental period after the surgery. The rats in the irisin group, 100 ng/kg irisin was administered intraperitoneally 3 days a week during the 8 weeks experimental period after the surgery. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were euthanized. Implants and surrounding bone tissues were collected for histological new bone formation analysis. The Student t test was used for statistical analysis. There were no significant differences between the groups in the histological analysis, new bone formation and fibrosis (P>0.05). Also, in the irisin group, there was numerically but not statistically more new bone formation detected compared with the controls. Within the limitations of this study, irisin did not affect new bone formation in peri-implant defects, although the numerical values favored the irisin group.

PMID:36201689 | DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000008747

PLoS One. 2022 Oct 6;17(10):e0275195. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275195. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

Plasmodium falciparum is a parasitic protozoan that can cause malaria, which is a deadly disease. Therefore, the accurate identification of malaria parasite mitochondrial proteins is essential for understanding their functions and identifying novel drug targets. For classifying protein sequences, several adaptive statistical techniques have been devised. Despite significant gains, prediction performance is still constrained by the lack of appropriate feature descriptors and learning strategies in current systems. Moreover, good ground truth data is important for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based models but there is a lack of that data in the literature. Therefore, in this work, we propose a novel hybrid network that combines 1D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BGRU) to classify the malaria parasite mitochondrial proteins. Furthermore, we curate a sequential data that are collected from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot proteins databanks to prepare a dataset that can be used by the research community for AI-based algorithms evaluation. We obtain 4204 cases after preprocessing of the collected data and denote this set of proteins as PF4204. Finally, we conduct an ablation study on several conventional and deep models using PF4204 and the benchmark PF2095 datasets. The proposed model ‘CNN-BGRU’ obtains the accuracy values of 0.9096 and 0.9857 on PF4204 and PF2095 datasets, respectively. In addition, the CNN-BGRU is compared with state-of-the-arts, where the results illustrate that it can extract robust features and identify proteins accurately.

PMID:36201724 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0275195

Int J Environ Health Res. 2022 Oct 6:1-17. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2130881. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to evaluate the extent to which virtual reality (VR) natural and built settings affect emotional states. Web of Science, SCOPUS, and PubMed were searched for relevant articles prior to February 2022. Of 15 articles identified for systematic review, 6 met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis (studies with only pre- and post-condition measures of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were included). Both positive affect (g = 0.20, p = 0.001) and negative affect (g = – 0.30, p = 0.001) change scores for the VR natural environment were statistically significant. On the other hand, change scores for VR built environment were not significant in both positive affect (g = – 0.08, p = 0.355) and negative affect (g = – 0.08, p = 0.058). The findings revealed that, in addition to a VR natural environment, a VR built environment is capable of providing restorative experiences against negative mood in some circumstances.

PMID:36201684 | DOI:10.1080/09603123.2022.2130881

Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Oct 6. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06211. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Methane mitigation from the oil and gas (O&G) sector represents a key near-term global climate action opportunity. Recent legislation in the United States requires updating current methane reporting programs for oil and gas facilities with empirical data. While technological advances have led to improvements in methane emissions measurements and monitoring, the overall effectiveness of mitigation strategies rests on quantifying spatially and temporally varying methane emissions more accurately than the current approaches. In this work, we demonstrate a quantification, monitoring, reporting, and verification framework that pairs snapshot measurements with continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS) to reconcile measurements with inventory estimates and account for intermittent emission events. We find that site-level emissions exhibit significant intraday and daily emission variations. Snapshot measurements of methane can span over 3 orders of magnitude and may have limited application in developing annualized inventory estimates at the site level. Consequently, while official inventories underestimate methane emissions on average, emissions at individual facilities can be higher or lower than inventory estimates. Using CEMS, we characterize distributions of frequency and duration of intermittent emission events. Technologies that allow high sampling frequency such as CEMS, paired with a mechanistic understanding of facility-level events, are key to an accurate accounting of short-duration, episodic, and high-volume events that are often missed in snapshot surveys and to scale snapshot measurements to annualized emissions estimates.

PMID:36201663 | DOI:10.1021/acs.est.2c06211

Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2022 Oct 6. doi: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000540. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We compared esophageal mucosal gene transcript expression in proton pump inhibitor (PPI) responsive (PPI-R) eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), PPI non-responsive (PPI-NR) EoE, and healthy controls.

METHODS: Transcript expression in mid-esophagus biopsies was determined using Nanostring and a custom panel of EoE-specific genes. The top up/downregulated genes with ≥2-fold difference in expression and statistically significant (P<0.05) were identified.

RESULTS: Nearly all of the top upregulated (17 out of 20) and downregulated (5 out of 5) genes in EoE, compared to healthy controls, were shared between the PPI-R and PPI-NR groups.

CONCLUSION: Esophageal mucosal transcript expressions are remarkably similar in PPI-R and PPI-NR EoE compared to healthy controls.

PMID:36201660 | DOI:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000540

Eye Contact Lens. 2022 Oct 6. doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000939. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of the systemic diseases and drugs of the donor on Descemet membrane (DM) graft preparation.

METHODS: Seventy-eight corneas of 58 donors, of whom the DM grafts were used in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) surgery, between January 2018 and January 2020, were enrolled in this retrospective study. The hospital records of the donors were analyzed. Age, sex, blood type, systemic diseases, and drugs; complete blood count; biochemistry panel for liver and kidney functions in the past 48 hours; and the drugs used in the hospital, if any, in the past 24 hours were recorded. The grafts with tears that occurred while preparation were included in group 1, and the successful grafts with no tears were included in group 2.

RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the characteristics of the donors between groups. However, breast cancer and the use of sevelamer were found to be significantly higher in group 1 (P=0.010, P=0.033, respectively). No statistically significant difference in the use of other drugs was found between groups.

CONCLUSION: Although diabetic donors have been reported to be inappropriate candidates for the preparation of DM grafts for DMEK, most of the donors with several systemic diseases including diabetes can be used in DMEK surgery, with the right technique in DM graft preparation.

PMID:36201646 | DOI:10.1097/ICL.0000000000000939

J Trop Pediatr. 2022 Oct 6;68(6):fmac082. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmac082.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a complication of adverse intrapartum events and birth asphyxia resulting in brain injury and mortality in late preterm and term newborns.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to predict brain damage on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a new scoring system.

METHODS: Yieldly And Scorable Holistic Measuring of Asphyxia (YASHMA) is generated for detection of brain injury in asphyxiated newborns. Total scores were calculated according to scores of birth weight, gestation weeks, APGAR scores at first and fifth minutes, aEEG patterns and epileptic status of patients. The major outcome of the scoring system was to determine correlation between poor scores and neonatal brain injury detected on MRI.

RESULTS: In hypothermia group with brain injury, low gestational weeks and lowest APGAR scores, abnormal aEEG findings were statistically different from others. YASHMA scores were statistically significant with high sensitivity, specificity, AUC and 95% confidence interval values.

CONCLUSIONS: YASHMA scoring system is feasible and can be suggestive for detecting brain injury in low-income countries.

PMID:36201231 | DOI:10.1093/tropej/fmac082

BMJ Open. 2022 Sep 8;12(9):e065154. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065154.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify evidence on the reporting quality of consensus methodology and to select potential checklist items for the ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document (ACCORD) project to develop a consensus reporting guideline.

DESIGN: Systematic review.

DATA SOURCES: Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Emcare, Academic Search Premier and PsycINFO from inception until 7 January 2022.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Studies, reviews and published guidance addressing the reporting quality of consensus methodology for improvement of health outcomes in biomedicine or clinical practice. Reports of studies using or describing consensus methods but not commenting on their reporting quality were excluded. No language restrictions were applied.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Screening and data extraction of eligible studies were carried out independently by two authors. Reporting quality items addressed by the studies were synthesised narratively.

RESULTS: Eighteen studies were included: five systematic reviews, four narrative reviews, three research papers, three conference abstracts, two research guidance papers and one protocol. The majority of studies indicated that the quality of reporting of consensus methodology could be improved. Commonly addressed items were: consensus panel composition; definition of consensus and the threshold for achieving consensus. Items least addressed were: public patient involvement (PPI); the role of the steering committee, chair, cochair; conflict of interest of panellists and funding. Data extracted from included studies revealed additional items that were not captured in the data extraction form such as justification of deviation from the protocol or incentives to encourage panellist response.

CONCLUSION: The results of this systematic review confirmed the need for a reporting checklist for consensus methodology and provided a range of potential checklist items to report. The next step in the ACCORD project builds on this systematic review and focuses on reaching consensus on these items to develop the reporting guideline.

PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: https://osf.io/2rzm9.

PMID:36201247 | DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065154

JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Oct 3;5(10):e2235089. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.35089.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: A new International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis code (U09.9 Post COVID-19 condition, unspecified) was introduced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on October 1, 2021.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the use of the U09.9 code and describe concurrently diagnosed conditions to understand physician use of this code in clinical practice.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study of US patients with an ICD-10-CM code for post-COVID-19 condition used deidentified patient-level claims data aggregated by HealthVerity. Children and adolescents (aged 0-17 years) and adults (aged 18-64 and ≥65 years) with a post-COVID-19 condition code were identified between October 1, 2021, and January 31, 2022. To identify a prior COVID-19 diagnosis, 3 months of continuous enrollment (CE) before the post-COVID-19 diagnosis date was required.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Presence of the ICD-10-CM U09.9 code.

RESULTS: There were 56 143 patients (7723 female patients [61.2%]; mean [SD] age, 47.6 [19.2] years) with a post-COVID-19 diagnosis code, with cases increasing in mid-December 2021 following the trajectory of the Omicron case wave by 3 to 4 weeks. The analysis cohort included 12 622 patients after the 3-month preindex CE criteria was applied. Among this cohort, the median (IQR) age was 49 (35-61) years; however, 1080 (8.6%) were pediatric patients. The U09.9 code was used most often in the outpatient setting, although 305 older adults (14.0%) were inpatients. Only 698 patients (5.5%) had at least 1 of the 5 codes listed as possible concurrent conditions in the coding guidance. Only 8879 patients (70.4%) had a documented acute COVID-19 diagnosis code (569 [52.7%] among children), and the median (IQR) time between acute COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 diagnosis codes was 56 (21-200) days. The most common concurrently coded conditions varied by age; children experienced COVID-19-like symptoms (eg, 207 [19.2%] had cough and 115 [10.6%] had breathing abnormalities), while 459 older adults aged 65 years or older (21.1%) experienced respiratory failure and 189 (8.7%) experienced viral pneumonia.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This retrospective cohort study found patients with a post-COVID-19 ICD-10-CM diagnosis code following the acute phase of COVID-19 disease among patients of all ages in clinical practice in the US. The use of the U09.9 code encompassed a wide range of conditions. It will be important to monitor how the use of this code changes as the pandemic continues to evolve.

PMID:36201207 | DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.35089

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022 Oct 6. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.2551. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a severe complication after free tissue transfer to the head and neck (H&N). Enoxaparin 30 mg twice daily (BID) is a common regimen for chemoprophylaxis. However, differences in enoxaparin metabolism based on body weight may influence its efficacy and safety profile.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between BMI and postoperative VTE and hematoma rates in patients treated with prophylactic enoxaparin 30 mg BID.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a retrospective review of a prospectively collected cohort from 2012 to 2022. Postoperative VTE, hematoma, and free flap pedicle thrombosis were recorded within 30 days of index surgery. The setting was a tertiary academic referral center. Participants included patients undergoing H&N reconstruction with free flaps that received fixed-dose subcutaneous enoxaparin 30 mg BID postoperatively. Statistical analysis was conducted from April to May 2022.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Outcomes include incidence of VTE, hematoma, and flap pedicle thrombosis events within 30 days of the surgery. Univariate and multivariable regression models were used to evaluate associations between BMI and other patient factors with these outcomes.

RESULTS: Among the 765 patients included, 262 (34.24%) were female; mean (SD) age was 60.85 (12.64) years; and mean (SD) BMI was 26.36 (6.29). The rates of VTE and hematoma in the cohort were 3.92% (30 patients) and 5.09% (39 patients), respectively. After adjusting for patient factors, BMI was the only factor associated with VTE (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.015-1.129). Obesity (BMI >30) was associated with increased odds of VTE (OR, 2.782; 95% CI, 1.197-6.564). Hematoma was not associated with BMI (OR, 0.988; 95% CI, 0.937-1.041). Caprini score of at least 9 was not associated with VTE (OR, 1.259; 95% CI, 0.428-3.701).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cohort study found that obesity was associated with an increased risk of VTE in patients after microvascular H&N reconstruction and while on standard postoperative chemoprophylaxis regimens. This association may suggest insufficient VTE prophylaxis in this group and a potential indication for weight-based dosing.

PMID:36201206 | DOI:10.1001/jamaoto.2022.2551