Tag: pubmed

Br J Nutr. 2023 Oct 23:1-38. doi: 10.1017/S0007114523002362. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a major concern for women worldwide, due to increased risk of fractures and diminished bone quality. Recent research on gut microbiota have suggested that probiotics can combat various diseases, including postmenopausal bone loss. Although several pre-clinical studies have explored the potential of probiotics in improving postmenopausal bone loss, the results have been inconsistent, and the mechanism of action remains unclear.To address this, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of probiotics on animal models of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The bone parameters studied were Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Bone Volume Fractions (BV/TV), and hallmarks of bone formation and resorption.Pooled analysis showed that probiotic treatment significantly improves BMD and BV/TV of the ovariectomised animals. Probiotics, while not statistically significant, exhibited a tendency toward enhancing bone formation and reducing bone resorption. Next, we compared the effects of Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. on osteoporotic bone. Both probiotics improved BMD and BV/TV compared to control, but Lactobacillus sp. had a larger effect size. In conclusion, our findings suggest that probiotics have the potential to improve bone health and prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, further studies are required to investigate the effect of probiotics on postmenopausal bone health in humans.

PMID:37869975 | DOI:10.1017/S0007114523002362

Anthropol Anz. 2023 Oct 18. doi: 10.1127/anthranz/2023/1737. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Diagnosis of specific infectious diseases in the skeleton is often difficult and relies on expert opinion. Statistics is not often used as a tool to assist in such diagnoses, and therefore this study aimed at employing data mining and machine learning in the form of decision tree analysis to aid in recognizing tuberculosis (TB) in skeletal remains and find patterns of skeletal involvement. The sample included 387 modern South African individuals (n = 207 individuals known to have died of TB and n = 180 as a control group) which were scored for the presence or absence of 21 skeletal lesions documented to be associated with TB. A pruned decision tree classification analysis was done to detect significant patterns and associations between variables which produced a model with a moderate classification rate based on four of the variables. As expected, vertebral changes were selected first, followed by rib, acetabular and lastly cranial changes. As a proof of concept, it was shown that machine learning was able to identify patterns of changes in TB skeletons versus a control group. However, further investigation into the use of machine learning in assessing skeletal changes associated with specific diseases is needed.

PMID:37869964 | DOI:10.1127/anthranz/2023/1737

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 Oct;27(5 Suppl):130-134. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202310_34081.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: It has been hypothesized that hyaluronidase may allow fluid to enter and exit the basal area of the flap more readily and thus allow waste metabolites from the distal portion of the flap to drain towards areas where the blood supply may be healthier. We aimed to test this hypothesis by seeing whether hyaluronidase enhances the survival of a flap created in an animal model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment utilized 14 male Wistar rats to test the effect of administering hyaluronidase on flap survival. The study utilized the same “flap survival method” technique reported in numerous previous studies.

RESULTS: The area of necrosis in the animals of the intervention group was lower than in the control animals, and this result reached statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS: Hyaluronidase may preserve tissue flap vitality, starting at the bottom end of the dosage range. Future research should establish the minimal concentration needed to obtain benefits. The optimal mode of administration, whether by injection or topical application, is also a topic for future studies.

PMID:37869958 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202310_34081

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 Oct;27(5 Suppl):121-129. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202310_34080.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Cancer-preventative medicines like curcumin, resveratrol, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications all have their effects modulated by ceramide. According to research, these medications raise ceramide levels in cancer cells, leading to programmed cell death. Recently, cancer research has been involved in sphingolipid metabolism. The critical molecule here is ceramide. We aimed to investigate if the inhibition of ceramidases induces death in the human renal cell carcinoma cell line.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human kidney carcinoma A-498 (ATCC® HTB-44™) cells were used as test cells. Ceranib-2, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin/streptomycin, dimethyl sulfoxide, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide and Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium High Glucose, caspase 3/7, annexin-V, Bcl-2 activation dual detection, and MitoPotential kits were used. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay, annexin-V analysis, caspase 3/7 analysis, Bcl-2 activation analysis, and measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential were performed.

RESULTS: MTT colorimetric assay results for 24 hours indicated that the viability of human renal cell carcinoma cells decreased compared to the control group with an increase in the applied concentration of the ceramidase inhibitor-ceranib-2. The growth inhibition by ceranib-2 for 24 hours did not decrease the viability under 50%; thus, it could not be possible to calculate the IC50 value for the short-term application of ceranib-2 for 24 hours to A-498 cells. A statistically significant decrease in cell viability was recorded at doses of 100, 50, 25, and 12.2 µM of ceranib-2, and no significant decrease was detected at the lower doses of ceranib-2. The highest inhibition caused by ceranib-2 on human renal cell carcinoma cells A-498 was detected at an application time of 72 hours. This inhibition was statistically significant for all applied doses of ceranib-2 on A-498 cells compared to untreated cells. Annexin-V technique that detects the translocation of phosphatidylserine to the outer membrane of apoptotic cells indicated that after the application of ceranib-2, apoptosis was triggered on A-498 cells with a total apoptotic profile of 12.12% compared to the untreated cells that were used as controls. Compared to untreated A-498 cells, a rise in percentage to 16.25% of cells with activated caspases 3/7 was recorded after applying IC50 concentration of ceranib-2 on A-498 cells for 48 hours.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study indicated that the application of ceramidase inhibitor, ceranib-2 on human renal cell carcinoma A-498 cells cause cytotoxicity, antiproliferative, growth inhibitory, and apoptotic efficacies in a dose and time-dependent manner probably via inhibiting the acid ceramidases that hydrolyze ceramides that induce cell death. For further conclusions, more mechanical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmaceutic, as well as in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity investigations are required.

PMID:37869957 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202310_34080

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 Oct;27(5 Suppl):53-61. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202310_34070.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Anaphylaxis is a severe hypersensitivity reaction with a rapid onset and is potentially life-threatening if not treated promptly. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of pediatricians in Turkey in recognizing and treating the clinical symptoms of anaphylaxis, compare the previous studies conducted in Turkey chronologically, and show the current trends on awareness of anaphylaxis in developed and developing countries in the world.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Pediatric residents and specialists from all over Turkey were included in the study. A questionnaire was prepared by compiling the current literature. Questions were sent to pediatricians via online applications. Statistical tests were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS: A total of 524 pediatricians participated in the study. All participants accepted that anaphylaxis was a life-threatening condition. Almost all suggested epinephrine as the primary drug used in anaphylaxis. The proportion of pediatricians who knew the appropriate dose, route of administration, and place of administration of epinephrine was 82.8%, 88.9%, and 89.7%, respectively. The rate of pediatricians who recognized the clinical features of anaphylaxis was over 90%. The proportion of pediatricians who knew the epinephrine auto-injector and dose was 74.4% and 53.1%, respectively. Pediatricians with less than 10 years of experience and those working in public hospitals had better knowledge about atypical symptoms of anaphylaxis.

CONCLUSIONS: Although there are still inadequacies in identifying atypical symptoms and treating anaphylaxis, our study revealed that the level of awareness of anaphylaxis had shown an increasing trend in Turkey over time. On the other hand, the knowledge on diagnosing and treating anaphylaxis still needs to be improved, especially for physicians working in rural areas of developing countries.

PMID:37869948 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202310_34070

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 Oct;27(5 Suppl):34-38. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202310_34067.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in the quality of life of patients who underwent Type 1 tympanoplasty using the Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire 12 (COMQ-12).

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Prospectively collected data of patients aged between 18-65 years, who had undergone type 1 tympanoplasty between January 2018 to January 2019 were included in the study. The Turkish version of COMQ-12 was completed by all of the patients preoperatively as well as 12 months postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative graft uptake outcomes, hearing assessment results, and scores of COMQ-12 were evaluated. Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon test were used.

RESULTS: A total of 98 patients were included. Noticeable improvement in the severity of symptoms, negative effect on daily life and work routine, health care, and general well-being was detected by subjective scores of the questionnaire. The COMQ-12 preoperative and postoperative overall average score was 25 and 7, respectively (p<0.001). Graft uptake success was found to be 85%. Hearing assessment evaluation showed a mean change in air conduction values of 8.78 (SD 1.17), and a mean change in air-bone gap values of 7 (SD 0.8), both showing statistical significance (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: According to the COMQ-12 questionnaire data after surgery, symptom severity, lifestyle and work impact, health service impact, and general discomfort were significantly reduced.

PMID:37869945 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202310_34067

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 Oct;27(5 Suppl):6-10. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202310_34063.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Since mastoid bone aeration is a pressure buffer for the middle ear, it can be accepted as a prognostic factor for tympanoplasty. Temporal bone computed tomography (TBCT) is a primary method for estimating mastoid aeration. However, due to the risk of radiation and its high cost, there is a need for a more straightforward, faster, and more reliable method in non-complicated chronic otitis media cases (COM). Tympanometric volume measurement might be used for this purpose. This study investigated tympanometric volume measurement’s reliability in showing mastoid bone aeration by comparing tympanometric volume measurement with TBCT aeration grading.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Preoperative tympanometric volume measurements were performed in patients who underwent audiological examination and temporal computerized tomography (CT) with the diagnosis of COM and sequela of COM without discharge for the last three months and were indicated for surgery. CT was classified into six grades: grade 0: there is no aeration, sclerotic mastoid; grade 1: pneumatization only in the mastoid antrum; grade 2: <25% pneumatization; grade 3: 25-50% pneumatization; grade 4: >50 pneumatization, grade 5: full pneumatization. Averages of tympanometric volume values were determined according to CT degrees.

RESULTS: 48 left and 52 right ears (n: 100) of 81 patients, 24 females and 57 males, were included in the study. The mean age was 37.69±13.38. Mastoid pneumatization grades of patients were 32 grade 0, 23 grade 1, 16 grade 2, 14 grade 3, 11 grade 4, and 4 grade 5, respectively. Each grade’s mean tympanometric volume (mL) was grade 0: 1.1594, grade 1: 1.6991, grade 2: 2.2250, grade 3: 3.0471, grade 4: 4.0327, and grade 5: 2.9775.

CONCLUSIONS: There is a statistically significant relationship between tympanometrically measured ear volume and mastoid degrees of pneumatization on temporal bone tomography. As the degree of mastoid aeration increases, the tympanometric volume also increases. According to the results of this study, tympanometric air volume can be used reliably in the preoperative evaluation of mastoid bone aeration in cases of simple COM without ear drainage.

PMID:37869942 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202310_34063

Pak J Pharm Sci. 2023 Sep;36(5):1399-1405.

ABSTRACT

Oxidative stress enhances cardiovascular risk. Metformin decreases intestinal absorption of vitamin B12. Our objective was the evaluation of type 2 diabetics focusing on differences due to their treatment. A prospective study on 224 type 2 diabetics was realized between 2015-2018 in Targu Mures, Romania, divided into 2 subgroups (metformin vs. other therapy – 2^nd/3^rd generation sulfonylureas, insulin, dietary regimen -, followed for at least one year) and non-diabetic controls (n=25) for oxidative stress level comparison. Serum homocysteine (HC), vitamin B₁₂ were determined by chemiluminescence (Immulite One). Lipid peroxidation was assessed by serum malondialdehyde (MDA) measurement (HPLC). Biochemical tests, minerals, cystatin C, high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured on Konelab20Xti, glycated hemoglobin on Nycocard Reader. GraphPad InStat-3 was used for statistics. Negative correlation occured between serum vitamin B₁₂ and HC, this vitamin’s level was significantly lower and serum zinc was significantly higher in patients on metformin. Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 87% of the subjects, 46% had zinc deficiency and 41% elevated hs-CRP. Serum cystatin C showed positive correlation with creatinine. Serum MDA was significantly higher in diabetics compared to control patients. Elevated hs-CRP and homocysteine represent raised cardiovascular risk. Intense oxidative stress, vitamin, mineral deficiencies are frequent in diabetic subjects.

PMID:37869915

Pak J Pharm Sci. 2023 Sep;36(5):1381-1388.

ABSTRACT

A total of 130 patients who underwent percutaneous testicular sperm aspiration from March 2021 to February 2023 were randomly divided into a Dezocine group and a control group. The Dezocine group received a muscle injection of 0.05mg/kg Dezocine 30 minutes before surgery, while the control group received a muscle injection of 0.01ml/kg normal saline. Both groups received 3ml of 2% lidocaine for spermatic cord block anesthesia. The anesthesia onset time, anesthesia duration, numeric rating scale (NRS) score, anesthesia satisfaction rate and incidence of adverse reactions were recorded and compared between the two groups. The statistical results showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of anesthesia onset time, anesthesia duration, anesthesia satisfaction rate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use within 24 hours after surgery and NRS scores at 15 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours after surgery. The incidence of adverse reactions in the Dezocine group was lower than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The combination of Dezocine and lidocaine for spermatic cord block anesthesia during percutaneous testicular sperm aspiration is safe, effective and associated with fewer adverse reactions. It is suitable for clinical application and promotion in reproductive medicine outpatient surgery.

PMID:37869913

Pak J Pharm Sci. 2023 Sep;36(5):1367-1374.

ABSTRACT

The interplay between oxidative stress and inflammation is implicated in many chronic diseases including Alzheimer`s disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. Thirteen β-hydroxy-β-arylalkanoic acids were previously synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to asses ex vivo antioxidant activity of synthesized acids, as well as ibuprofen and to identify the compounds with the most promising results for further investigation on their capacity to counteract in vivo oxidative stress triggered by inflammation. The antioxidant potential of tested compounds was evaluated by determining the concentrations of total antioxidative status, total oxidative status, prooxidant antioxidant balance and the total sulfhydryl groups. Z score statistics were used to calculate the summary scores for antioxidative activity, prooxidative activity and oxy score. The tested compounds and ibuprofen demonstrated mild prooxidative activity ex vivo. Seven acids with substituents on one benzene ring exhibited better results than ibuprofen and were selected for in vivo testing. In vivo results demonstrated better antioxidant protection compared to ex vivo results. Compound g which contains nitro group on the benzene ring demonstrated the lowest oxy score, and four compounds exhibited better results than ibuprofen.

PMID:37869911